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Wang W, Rui M. Advances in understanding the roles of actin scaffolding and membrane trafficking in dendrite development. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00152-8. [PMID: 38925347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic morphology is typically highly branched, and the branching and synaptic abundance of dendrites can enhance the receptive range of neurons and the diversity of information received, thus providing the basis for information processing in the nervous system. Once dendritic development is aberrantly compromised or damaged, it may lead to abnormal connectivity of the neural network, affecting the function and stability of the nervous system and ultimately triggering a series of neurological disorders. Research on the regulation of dendritic developmental processes has flourished, and much progress is now being made in its regulatory mechanisms. Noteworthily, dendrites are characterized by an extremely complex dendritic arborization that cannot be attributed to individual protein functions alone, requiring a systematic analysis of the intrinsic and extrinsic signals and the coordinated roles among them. Actin cytoskeleton organization and membrane vesicle trafficking are required during dendrite development, with actin providing tracks for vesicles and vesicle trafficking in turn providing material for actin assembly. In this review, we focus on these two basic biological processes and discuss the molecular mechanisms and their synergistic effects underlying the morphogenesis of neuronal dendrites. We also offer insights and discuss strategies for the potential preventive and therapeutic treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China
| | - Menglong Rui
- School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, China.
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Zhang Y, Sung HH, Ziegler AB, Wu YC, Viais R, Sánchez-Huertas C, Kilo L, Agircan FG, Cheng YJ, Mouri K, Uemura T, Lüders J, Chien CT, Tavosanis G. Augmin complex activity finetunes dendrite morphology through non-centrosomal microtubule nucleation in vivo. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261512. [PMID: 38587100 PMCID: PMC11128282 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
During development, neurons achieve a stereotyped neuron type-specific morphology, which relies on dynamic support by microtubules (MTs). An important player is the augmin complex (hereafter augmin), which binds to existing MT filaments and recruits the γ-tubulin ring complex (γ-TuRC), to form branched MTs. In cultured neurons, augmin is important for neurite formation. However, little is known about the role of augmin during neurite formation in vivo. Here, we have revisited the role of mammalian augmin in culture and then turned towards the class four Drosophila dendritic arborization (c4da) neurons. We show that MT density is maintained through augmin in cooperation with the γ-TuRC in vivo. Mutant c4da neurons show a reduction of newly emerging higher-order dendritic branches and in turn also a reduced number of their characteristic space-filling higher-order branchlets. Taken together, our data reveal a cooperative function for augmin with the γ-TuRC in forming enough MTs needed for the appropriate differentiation of morphologically complex dendrites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dynamics of Neuronal Circuits Group, Venusberg Campus 1 Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hsin-Ho Sung
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anna B. Ziegler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dynamics of Neuronal Circuits Group, Venusberg Campus 1 Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ying-Chieh Wu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ricardo Viais
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Huertas
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lukas Kilo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dynamics of Neuronal Circuits Group, Venusberg Campus 1 Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Fikret Gürkan Agircan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dynamics of Neuronal Circuits Group, Venusberg Campus 1 Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ying-Ju Cheng
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kousuke Mouri
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Uemura
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Center for Living Systems Information Science, Kyoto University
| | - Jens Lüders
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cheng-Ting Chien
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, 11529 Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gaia Tavosanis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Dynamics of Neuronal Circuits Group, Venusberg Campus 1 Building 99, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Gaffke L, Rintz E, Pierzynowska K, Węgrzyn G. Actin Cytoskeleton Polymerization and Focal Adhesion as Important Factors in the Pathomechanism and Potential Targets of Mucopolysaccharidosis Treatment. Cells 2023; 12:1782. [PMID: 37443816 PMCID: PMC10341097 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main approach used in the current therapy of mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is to reduce the levels of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in cells, the deposits considered to be the main cause of the disease. Previous studies have revealed significant differences in the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in many processes, like those related to actin filaments, in MPS cells. Since the regulation of actin filaments is essential for the intracellular transport of specific molecules, the process which may affect the course of MPSs, the aim of this study was to evaluate the changes that occur in the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion in cells derived from patients with this disease, as well as in the MPS I mouse model, and to assess whether they could be potential therapeutic targets for different MPS types. Western-blotting, flow cytometry and transcriptomic analyses were employed to address these issues. The levels of the key proteins involved in the studied processes, before and after specific treatment, were assessed. We have also analyzed transcripts whose levels were significantly altered in MPS cells. We identified genes whose expressions were changed in the majority of MPS types and those with particularly highly altered expression. For the first time, significant changes in the expression of genes involved in the actin cytoskeleton structure/functions were revealed which may be considered as an additional element in the pathogenesis of MPSs. Our results suggest the possibility of using the actin cytoskeleton as a potential target in therapeutic approaches for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Gaffke
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland; (E.R.); (K.P.); (G.W.)
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Bhattacharjee S, Iyer EPR, Iyer SC, Nanda S, Rubaharan M, Ascoli GA, Cox DN. The Zinc-BED Transcription Factor Bedwarfed Promotes Proportional Dendritic Growth and Branching through Transcriptional and Translational Regulation in Drosophila. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6344. [PMID: 37047316 PMCID: PMC10094446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendrites are the primary points of sensory or synaptic input to a neuron and play an essential role in synaptic integration and neural function. Despite the functional importance of dendrites, relatively less is known about the underlying mechanisms regulating cell type-specific dendritic patterning. Herein, we have dissected the functional roles of a previously uncharacterized gene, CG3995, in cell type-specific dendritic development in Drosophila melanogaster. CG3995, which we have named bedwarfed (bdwf), encodes a zinc-finger BED-type protein that is required for proportional growth and branching of dendritic arbors. It also exhibits nucleocytoplasmic expression and functions in both transcriptional and translational cellular pathways. At the transcriptional level, we demonstrate a reciprocal regulatory relationship between Bdwf and the homeodomain transcription factor (TF) Cut. We show that Cut positively regulates Bdwf expression and that Bdwf acts as a downstream effector of Cut-mediated dendritic development, whereas overexpression of Bdwf negatively regulates Cut expression in multidendritic sensory neurons. Proteomic analyses revealed that Bdwf interacts with ribosomal proteins and disruption of these proteins resulted in phenotypically similar dendritic hypotrophy defects as observed in bdwf mutant neurons. We further demonstrate that Bdwf and its ribosomal protein interactors are required for normal microtubule and F-actin cytoskeletal architecture. Finally, our findings reveal that Bdwf is required to promote protein translation and ribosome trafficking along the dendritic arbor. These findings shed light on the complex, combinatorial, and multi-functional roles of transcription factors (TFs) in directing the diversification of cell type-specific dendritic development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sumit Nanda
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Myurajan Rubaharan
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, and Plasticity, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA
| | - Daniel N. Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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Molecular mechanisms regulating the spatial configuration of neurites. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 129:103-114. [PMID: 35248463 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Precise neural networks, composed of axons and dendrites, are the structural basis for information processing in the brain. Therefore, the correct formation of neurites is critical for accurate neural function. In particular, the three-dimensional structures of dendrites vary greatly among neuron types, and the unique shape of each dendrite is tightly linked to specific synaptic connections with innervating axons and is correlated with its information processing. Although many systems are involved in neurite formation, the developmental mechanisms that control the orientation, size, and arborization pattern of neurites definitively defines their three-dimensional structure in tissues. In this review, we summarize these regulatory mechanisms that establish proper spatial configurations of neurites, especially dendrites, in invertebrates and vertebrates.
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