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Zhou D, Eraslan Z, Miller D, Taylor I, You J, Grondin SJ, Vega M, Manga P, Goff PS, Sviderskaya EV, Gross SS, Chen Q, Zippin JH. Two-pore channel 2 is required for soluble adenylyl cyclase-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and melanin synthesis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024. [PMID: 38844435 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Melanosomal pH is important for the synthesis of melanin as the rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosinase, is very pH-sensitive. The soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) signaling pathway was recently identified as a regulator of melanosomal pH in melanocytes; however, the melanosomal proteins critical for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH were undefined. We now systematically examine four well-characterized melanosomal membrane proteins to determine whether any of them are required for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH. We find that OA1, OCA2, and SLC45A2 are dispensable for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH. In contrast, TPC2 activity is required for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and melanin synthesis. In addition, activation of TPC2 by NAADP-AM rescues melanosomal pH alkalinization and reduces melanin synthesis following pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of sAC signaling. These studies establish TPC2 as a critical melanosomal protein for sAC-dependent regulation of melanosomal pH and pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalee Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zuhal Eraslan
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dawson Miller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Isobel Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jaewon You
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Samuel J Grondin
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martha Vega
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Prashiela Manga
- The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Philip S Goff
- Cell Biology Research Section, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Elena V Sviderskaya
- Cell Biology Research Section, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Steven S Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Qiuying Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jonathan H Zippin
- Department of Dermatology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York, USA
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Diercks BP. The importance of Ca 2+ microdomains for the adaptive immune response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119710. [PMID: 38522726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling stands out as the most widespread and universally used signaling system and is of utmost importance for immunity. Controlled elevations in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in T cells control complex and essential effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity, among others. Additionally, disruptions in Ca2+ regulation in T cells contribute to diverse autoimmune, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency conditions. Among the initial intracellular signals, which occurring even before T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are highly localized, spatially and temporally restricted so-called Ca2+ microdomains, caused by adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins (ECM proteins). The Ca2+ microdomains present both before and within the initial seconds following TCR stimulation are likely to play a crucial role in fine-tuning the downstream activity of T cell activation and thus, shaping an adaptive immune response. In this review, the emphasis is on the recent advances of adhesion-dependent Ca2+ microdomains (ADCM) in the absence of TCR stimulation, initial Ca2+ microdomains evoked by TCR stimulation (TDCM), the downstream signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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Guse AH. NAADP-Evoked Ca 2+ Signaling: The DUOX2-HN1L/JPT2-Ryanodine Receptor 1 Axis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 278:57-70. [PMID: 36443544 DOI: 10.1007/164_2022_623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger known to date. Major steps elucidating metabolism and Ca2+ mobilizing activity of NAADP are reviewed, with emphasis on a novel redox cycle between the inactive reduced form, NAADPH, and the active oxidized form, NAADP. Oxidation from NAADPH to NAADP is catalyzed in cell free system by (dual) NADPH oxidases NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2, whereas reduction from NAADP to NAADPH is catalyzed by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Using different knockout models for NOX and DUOX isozymes, DUOX2 was identified as NAADP forming enzyme in early T-cell activation.Recently, receptors or binding proteins for NAADP were identified: hematological and neurological expressed 1-like protein (HN1L)/Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 (JPT2) and Lsm12 are small cytosolic proteins that bind NAADP. In addition, they interact with NAADP-sensitive Ca2+ channels, such as ryanodine receptor type 1 (RYR1) or two-pore channels (TPC).Due to its role as Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger in T cells, NAADP's involvement in inflammation is also reviewed. In the central nervous system (CNS), NAADP regulates autoimmunity because NAADP antagonism affects a couple of T-cell migration and re-activation events, e.g. secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17. Further, the role of NAADP in transdifferentiation of IL-17-producing Th17 cells into T regulatory type 1 cells in vitro and in vivo is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Hussen J, Shawaf T, Alhojaily SM. The Impact of Anticoagulation Agent on the Composition and Phenotype of Blood Leukocytes in Dromedary Camels. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9020078. [PMID: 35202331 PMCID: PMC8878879 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9020078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
For the analysis of several cellular biomarkers, blood samples are anticoagulated using different agents with different modes of action. However, for the most commonly used anticoagulants, EDTA and heparin, varying effects on blood components have been reported in different species. As little is known about the impact of anticoagulants on the immunological evaluation of camel leukocytes, the present study analyzed the leukogram, the immunophenotype, and the cell vitality of camel leukocytes separated from blood samples anticoagulated with EDTA or lithium heparin. Using flow cytometry and staining with monoclonal antibodies to several cell surface markers, the composition and immunophenotype of camel leukocytes separated from blood anticoagulated with EDTA or heparin were analyzed. In comparison to EDTA-anticoagulated blood, using lithium heparin as an anticoagulant resulted in reduced numbers of total leukocytes and reduced numbers of neutrophils, which led to a reduced neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio. The analysis of cell necrosis and apoptosis after the staining of leukocytes with the DNA-sensitive dye propidium iodide and the mitochondrial membrane potential probe JC1 revealed a higher fraction of necrotic neutrophils and higher fractions of apoptotic neutrophils and monocytes in heparin blood than in EDTA blood. In addition, monocytes from heparin blood showed higher expression levels of the cell surface markers CD14, CD163, and MHCII when compared to cells from EDTA blood. Similarly, in heparin blood, CD44 and CD172a were expressed higher on neutrophils, while CD11a was expressed higher on lymphocytes in comparison to cells from EDTA blood. The results of the current study indicate the importance of considering the type of anticoagulant when investigating the composition, vitality, and immunophenotype of camel leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Hussen
- Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-135896626
| | - Turke Shawaf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer M. Alhojaily
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Agricultural and Veterinary Training and Research Station, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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