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Zhou D, Yu T, Zhang Z, Li G, Li Y. An integrated bioinformatics analysis reveals IRF8 as a critical biomarker for immune infiltration in atherosclerosis advance. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13872. [PMID: 38886134 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a lipid-driven chronic inflammatory disorder, is a significant global health concern associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, imposing a substantial societal burden. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis and identify potential therapeutic targets. We conducted an integrated bioinformatics analysis using data from peripheral blood mononuclear cell and TISSUE databases obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus, to identify key genes associated with the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, IRF8 was found to be a key gene in atherosclerosis patients. Silencing IRF8 with small interfering RNA reduced inflammation in endothelial cells. This suggests IRF8 is a crucial biomarker for immune infiltration in atherosclerosis advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglai Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanhua Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yaomin Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Yu Z, Qiao X, Yu S, Gu X, Jin Y, Tang C, Niu J, Wang L, Song L. The involvement of interferon regulatory factor 8 in regulating the proliferation of haemocytes in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 156:105172. [PMID: 38537730 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8) is an important transcriptional regulatory factor involving in multiple biological process, such as the antiviral immune response, immune cell proliferation and differentiation. In the present study, the involvement of a previously identified IRF8 homologue (CgIRF8) in regulating haemocyte proliferation of oyster were further investigated. CgIRF8 mRNA transcripts were detectable in all the stages of C. gigas larvae with the highest level in D-veliger (1.76-fold of that in zygote, p < 0.05). Its mRNA transcripts were also detected in all the three haemocyte subpopulations of adult oysters with the highest expression in granulocytes (2.79-fold of that in agranulocytes, p < 0.01). After LPS stimulation, the mRNA transcripts of CgIRF8 in haemocytes significantly increased at 12 h and 48 h, which were 2.04-fold and 1.65-fold (p < 0.05) of that in control group, respectively. Meanwhile, the abundance of CgIRF8 protein in the haemocytes increased significantly at 12 h after LPS stimulation (1.71-fold of that in seawater, p < 0.05). The immunofluorescence assay and Western blot showed that LPS stimulation induced an obvious nucleus translocation of CgIRF8 protein in haemocytes. After the expression of CgIRF8 was inhibited by the injection of CgIRF8 siRNA, the percentage of EdU positive haemocytes, the proportion of granulocytes, and the mRNA expression levels of CgGATA and CgSCL all declined significantly at 12 h after LPS stimulation, which was 0.64-fold (p < 0.05), 0.7-fold (p < 0.05), 0.31-fold and 0.54-fold (p < 0.001) of that in the NC group, respectively. While the expression level of cell proliferation-related protein CgCDK2, CgCDC6, CgCDC45 and CgPCNA were significantly increased (1.99-fold, and 2.41-fold, 3.76-fold and 4.79-fold compared to that in the NC group respectively, p < 0.001). Dual luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that CgIRF8 was able to activate the CgGATA promoter in HEK293T cells after transfection of CgGATA and CgIRF8. These results collectively indicated that CgIRF8 promoted haemocyte proliferation by regulating the expression of CgGATA and other related genes in the immune response of oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xue Qiao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Simiao Yu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuhao Jin
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chunyu Tang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Jixiang Niu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Wahl D, Grant RA, LaRocca TJ. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC modulates hippocampal transcriptome signatures of inflammation in tauopathy model mice. Exp Gerontol 2024; 192:112458. [PMID: 38735597 PMCID: PMC11185825 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Reducing neuroinflammation, a key contributor to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases, is a promising strategy for improving cognitive function in these settings. The FDA-approved nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 3TC (Lamivudine) has been reported to improve cognitive function in old wild-type mice and multiple mouse models of neurodegenerative disease, but its effects on the brain have not been comprehensively investigated. In the current study, we used transcriptomics to broadly characterize the effects of long-term supplementation with a human-equivalent therapeutic dose of 3TC on the hippocampal transcriptome in male and female rTg4510 mice (a commonly studied model of tauopathy-associated neurodegeneration). We found that tauopathy increased hippocampal transcriptomic signatures of neuroinflammation/immune activation, but 3TC treatment reversed some of these effects. We also found that 3TC mitigated tauopathy-associated activation of key transcription factors that contribute to neuroinflammation and immune activation, and these changes were related to improved recognition memory performance. Collectively, our findings suggest that 3TC exerts protective effects against tauopathy in the hippocampus by modulating inflammation and immune activation, and they may provide helpful insight for ongoing clinical efforts to determine if 3TC and/or related therapeutics hold promise for treating neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin Wahl
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Randy A Grant
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Thomas J LaRocca
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
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Wu Z, Xu J, Hu Y, Peng X, Zhang Z, Yao X, Peng Q. The roles of IRF8 in nonspecific orbital inflammation: an integrated analysis by bioinformatics and machine learning. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2024; 14:29. [PMID: 38900395 PMCID: PMC11190126 DOI: 10.1186/s12348-024-00410-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonspecific Orbital Inflammation (NSOI) represents a persistent and idiopathic proliferative inflammatory disorder, characterized by polymorphous lymphoid infiltration within the orbit. The transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8), integral to the IRF protein family, was initially identified as a pivotal element for the commitment and differentiation of myeloid cell lineage. Serving as a central regulator of innate immune receptor signaling, IRF8 orchestrates a myriad of functions in hematopoietic cell development. However, the intricate mechanisms underlying IRF8 production remain to be elucidated, and its potential role as a biomarker for NSOI is yet to be resolved. METHODS IRF8 was extracted from the intersection analysis of common DEGs of GSE58331 and GSE105149 from the GEO and immune- related gene lists in the ImmPort database using The Lasso regression and SVM-RFE analysis. We performed GSEA and GSVA with gene sets coexpressed with IRF8, and observed that gene sets positively related to IRF8 were enriched in immune-related pathways. To further explore the correlation between IRF8 and immune-related biological process, the CIBERSORT algorithm and ESTIMATE method were employed to evaluate TME characteristics of each sample and confirmed that high IRF8 expression might give rise to high immune cell infiltration. Finally, the GSE58331 was utilized to confirm the levels of expression of IRF8. RESULTS Among the 314 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), some DEGs were found to be significantly different. With LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms, we obtained 15 hub genes. For biological function analysis in IRF8, leukocyte mediated immunity, leukocyte cell-cell adhesion, negative regulation of immune system process were emphasized. B cells naive, Macrophages M0, Macrophages M1, T cells CD4 memory activated, T cells CD4 memory resting, T cells CD4 naive, and T cells gamma delta were shown to be positively associated with IRF8. While, Mast cells resting, Monocytes, NK cells activated, Plasma cells, T cells CD8, and T cells regulatory (Tregs) were shown to be negatively linked with IRF8. The diagnostic ability of the IRF8 in differentiating NSOI exhibited a good value. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered IRF8 that are linked to NSOI. IRF8 shed light on potential new biomarkers for NSOI and tracking its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Dongying People's Hospital (Dongying Hospital of Shandong Provincial Hospital Group), Dongying, Shandong, 257091, PR China
| | - Yi Hu
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zheyuan Zhang
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiaolei Yao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China
- Ophthalmology Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Qinghua Peng
- Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, Hunan Province, China.
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan Province, China.
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Tang Y, Cui G, Liu H, Han Y, Cai C, Feng Z, Shen H, Zeng S. Converting "cold" to "hot": epigenetics strategies to improve immune therapy effect by regulating tumor-associated immune suppressive cells. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024; 44:601-636. [PMID: 38715348 PMCID: PMC11194457 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant developments in cancer treatment have been made since the advent of immune therapies. However, there are still some patients with malignant tumors who do not benefit from immunotherapy. Tumors without immunogenicity are called "cold" tumors which are unresponsive to immunotherapy, and the opposite are "hot" tumors. Immune suppressive cells (ISCs) refer to cells which can inhibit the immune response such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T (Treg) cells and so on. The more ISCs infiltrated, the weaker the immunogenicity of the tumor, showing the characteristics of "cold" tumor. The dysfunction of ISCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) may play essential roles in insensitive therapeutic reaction. Previous studies have found that epigenetic mechanisms play an important role in the regulation of ISCs. Regulating ISCs may be a new approach to transforming "cold" tumors into "hot" tumors. Here, we focused on the function of ISCs in the TME and discussed how epigenetics is involved in regulating ISCs. In addition, we summarized the mechanisms by which the epigenetic drugs convert immunotherapy-insensitive tumors into immunotherapy-sensitive tumors which would be an innovative tendency for future immunotherapy in "cold" tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Tang
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Guangzu Cui
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Haicong Liu
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Changjing Cai
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Ziyang Feng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
- National Clinical Resaerch Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of OncologyXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanP. R. China
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Ullah Khan F, Khongorzul P, Gris D, Amrani A. Stat5b/Ezh2 axis governs high PD-L1 expressing tolerogenic dendritic cell subset in autoimmune diabetes. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112166. [PMID: 38678673 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells that play an important role in inducing and maintaining immune tolerance. The altered distribution and/or function of DCs contributes to defective tolerance in autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). In human T1D and in NOD mouse models, DCs share some defects and are often described as less tolerogenic and excessively immunogenic. In the NOD mouse model, the autoimmune response is associated with a defect in the Stat5b signaling pathway. We have reported that expressing a constitutively active form of Stat5b in DCs of transgenic NOD mice (NOD.Stat5b-CA), re-established their tolerogenic function, restored autoimmune tolerance and conferred protection from diabetes. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of Stat5b signaling in regulating splenic conventional DCs tolerogenic signature remained unclear. In this study, we reported that, compared to immunogenic splenic DCs of NOD, splenic DCs of NOD.Stat5b-CA mice exhibited a tolerogenic profile marked by elevated PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production, increased frequency of the cDC2 subset and decreased frequency of the cDC1 subset. This tolerogenic profile was associated with increased Ezh2 and IRF4 but decreased IRF8 expression. We also found an upregulation of PD-L1 in the cDC1 subset and high PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression in cDC2 of NOD.Stat5b-CA mice. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Ezh2 plays an important role in the maintenance of high PD-L1 expression in cDC1 and cDC2 subsets and that Ezh2 inhibition resulted in PD-L1 but not PD-L2 downregulation which was more drastic in the cDC2 subset. Additionally, Ezh2 inhibition severely reduced the cDC2 subset and increased the cDC1 subset and Stat5b-CA.DC pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Together our data suggest that the Stat5b-Ezh2 axis is critical for the maintenance of tolerogenic high PD-L1-expressing cDC2 and autoimmune tolerance in NOD.Stat5b-CA mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Ullah Khan
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Puregmaa Khongorzul
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Denis Gris
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Immunology Division, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, 3001, 12th Avenue North, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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de Brot S, Cobb J, Alibhai AA, Jackson-Oxley J, Haque M, Patke R, Harris AE, Woodcock CL, Lothion-Roy J, Varun D, Thompson R, Gomes C, Kubale V, Dunning MD, Jeyapalan JN, Mongan NP, Rutland CS. Immunohistochemical Investigation into Protein Expression Patterns of FOXO4, IRF8 and LEF1 in Canine Osteosarcoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1945. [PMID: 38792023 PMCID: PMC11120020 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common type of primary bone malignancy in people and dogs. Our previous molecular comparisons of canine OSA against healthy bone resulted in the identification of differentially expressed protein-expressing genes (forkhead box protein O4 (FOXO4), interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), and lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1)). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and H-scoring provided semi-quantitative assessment of nuclear and cytoplasmic staining alongside qualitative data to contextualise staining (n = 26 patients). FOXO4 was expressed predominantly in the cytoplasm with significantly lower nuclear H-scores. IRF8 H-scores ranged from 0 to 3 throughout the cohort in the nucleus and cytoplasm. LEF1 was expressed in all patients with significantly lower cytoplasmic staining compared to nuclear. No sex or anatomical location differences were observed. While reduced levels of FOXO4 might indicate malignancy, the weak or absent protein expression limits its primary use as diagnostic tumour marker. IRF8 and LEF1 have more potential for prognostic and diagnostic uses and facilitate further understanding of their roles within their respective molecular pathways, including Wnt/beta-catenin/LEF1 signalling and differential regulation of tumour suppressor genes. Deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved in OSA are essential contributions towards the development of novel diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment options in human and veterinary medicine contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone de Brot
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Comparative Pathology Platform of the University of Bern (COMPATH), Institute of Animal Pathology, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jack Cobb
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Aziza A. Alibhai
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Jorja Jackson-Oxley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Maria Haque
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Rodhan Patke
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Anna E. Harris
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Corinne L. Woodcock
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Jennifer Lothion-Roy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Dhruvika Varun
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Rachel Thompson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Claudia Gomes
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
| | - Valentina Kubale
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Mark D. Dunning
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
| | - Jennie N. Jeyapalan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service, Solihull B90 4NH, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10075, USA
| | - Catrin S. Rutland
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (S.d.B.); (J.C.); (A.A.A.); (J.J.-O.); (M.H.); (R.P.); (A.E.H.); (C.L.W.); (J.L.-R.); (D.V.); (R.T.); (C.G.); (M.D.D.); (J.N.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
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9
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Rubio S, Molinuevo R, Sanz-Gomez N, Zomorrodinia T, Cockrum CS, Luong E, Rivas L, Cadle K, Menendez J, Hinck L. Nuclear VANGL2 Inhibits Lactogenic Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:222. [PMID: 38334614 PMCID: PMC10854645 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by governing cell patterning and polarity. Asymmetrically localized on the plasma membrane of cells, transmembrane PCP proteins are trafficked by endocytosis, suggesting they may have intracellular functions that are dependent or independent of their extracellular role, but whether these functions extend to transcriptional control remains unknown. Here, we show the nuclear localization of transmembrane, PCP protein, VANGL2, in the HCC1569 breast cancer cell line, and in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, HC11 cells that serve as a model for mammary lactogenic differentiation. The loss of Vangl2 function results in upregulation of pathways related to STAT5 signaling. We identify DNA binding sites and a nuclear localization signal in VANGL2, and use CUT&RUN to demonstrate recruitment of VANGL2 to specific DNA binding motifs, including one in the Stat5a promoter. Knockdown (KD) of Vangl2 in HC11 cells and primary mammary organoids results in upregulation of Stat5a, Ccnd1 and Csn2, larger acini and organoids, and precocious differentiation; phenotypes are rescued by overexpression of Vangl2, but not Vangl2ΔNLS. Together, these results advance a paradigm whereby PCP proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by keeping transcriptional programs governing differentiation in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Rubio
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rut Molinuevo
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Natalia Sanz-Gomez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols”, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Talieh Zomorrodinia
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Chad S. Cockrum
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Elina Luong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lucia Rivas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kora Cadle
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Julien Menendez
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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10
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Rubio S, Molinuevo R, Sanz-Gomez N, Zomorrodinia T, Cockrum CS, Luong E, Rivas L, Cadle K, Menendez J, Hinck L. Nuclear VANGL2 Inhibits Lactogenic Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570706. [PMID: 38106173 PMCID: PMC10723439 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by governing cell patterning and polarity. Asymmetrically localized on the plasma membrane of cells, PCP proteins are also trafficked by endocytosis, suggesting they may have intracellular functions that are dependent or independent of their extracellular role, but whether these functions extend to transcriptional control remains unknown. Here, we show the nuclear localization of transmembrane, PCP protein, VANGL2, in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, HC11 cells, which serve as a model for mammary lactogenic differentiation. Loss of Vangl2 function results in upregulation of pathways related to STAT5 signaling. We identify DNA binding sites and a nuclear localization signal in VANGL2, and use CUT&RUN to demonstrate direct binding of VANGL2 to specific DNA binding motifs, including one in the Stat5a promoter. Knockdown (KD) of Vangl2 in HC11 cells and primary mammary organoids results in upregulation of Stat5a , Ccnd1 and Csn2 , larger acini and organoids, and precocious differentiation; phenotypes rescued by overexpression of Vangl2 , but not Vangl2 ΔNLS . Together, these results advance a paradigm whereby PCP proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by keeping transcriptional programs governing differentiation in check.
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11
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Liang KL, Laurenti E, Taghon T. Circulating IRF8-expressing CD123 +CD127 + lymphoid progenitors: key players in human hematopoiesis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:678-692. [PMID: 37591714 PMCID: PMC7614993 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Lymphopoiesis is the process in which B and T cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) develop from hematopoietic progenitors that exhibit early lymphoid priming. The branching points where lymphoid-primed human progenitors are further specified to B/T/ILC differentiation trajectories remain unclear. Here, we discuss the emerging role of interferon regulatory factor (IRF)8 as a key factor to bridge human lymphoid and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation, and the current evidence for the existence of circulating and tissue-resident CD123+CD127+ lymphoid progenitors. We propose a model whereby DC/B/T/ILC lineage programs in circulating CD123+CD127+ lymphoid progenitors are expressed in balance. Upon tissue seeding, the tissue microenvironment tilts this molecular balance towards a specific lineage, thereby determining in vivo lineage fates. Finally, we discuss the translational implication of these lymphoid precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Liang
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elisa Laurenti
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Taghon
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.
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12
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Khreefa Z, Barbier MT, Koksal AR, Love G, Del Valle L. Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020262. [PMID: 36672197 PMCID: PMC9856332 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, rapidly spread worldwide, causing an ongoing global pandemic. While the respiratory system is the most common site of infection, a significant number of reported cases indicate gastrointestinal (GI) involvement. GI symptoms include anorexia, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Although the mechanisms of GI pathogenesis are still being examined, viral components isolated from stool samples of infected patients suggest a potential fecal-oral transmission route. In addition, viral RNA has been detected in blood samples of infected patients, making hematologic dissemination of the virus a proposed route for GI involvement. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors serve as the cellular entry mechanism for the virus, and these receptors are particularly abundant throughout the GI tract, making the intestine, liver, and pancreas potential extrapulmonary sites for infection and reservoirs sites for developing mutations and new variants that contribute to the uncontrolled spread of the disease and resistance to treatments. This transmission mechanism and the dysregulation of the immune system play a significant role in the profound inflammatory and coagulative cascades that contribute to the increased severity and risk of death in several COVID-19 patients. This article reviews various potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Khreefa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mallory T. Barbier
- Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Ali Riza Koksal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Gordon Love
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Luis Del Valle
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Louisiana Cancer Research Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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