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Liu Y, Qu Y, Liu C, Zhang D, Xu B, Wan Y, Jiang P. Neutrophil extracellular traps: Potential targets for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with traditional Chinese medicine and natural products. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39105461 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease. Abnormal formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) at the synovial membrane leads to the release of many inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Elastase, histone H3, and myeloperoxidase, which are carried by NETs, damage the soft tissues of the joints and aggravate the progression of RA. The balance of NET formation coordinates the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects and plays a key role in the development of RA. Therefore, when NETs are used as effector targets, highly targeted drugs with fewer side effects can be developed to treat RA without damaging the host immune system. Currently, an increasing number of studies have shown that traditional Chinese medicines and natural products can regulate the formation of NETs through multiple pathways to counteract RA, which shows great potential for the treatment of RA and has a promising future for clinical application. In this article, we review the latest biological progress in understanding NET formation, the mechanism of NETs in RA, and the potential targets or pathways related to the modulation of NET formation by Chinese medicines and natural products. This review provides a relevant basis for the use of Chinese medicines and natural products as natural adjuvants in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Qu
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanguo Liu
- Experimental Center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Bing Xu
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yakun Wan
- School of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- The first Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Jinan, China
- Rheumatology and Immunology Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Karpov OA, Stotland A, Raedschelders K, Chazarin B, Ai L, Murray CI, Van Eyk JE. Proteomics of the heart. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:931-982. [PMID: 38300522 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00026.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a sophisticated identification tool specializing in portraying protein dynamics at a molecular level. Proteomics provides biologists with a snapshot of context-dependent protein and proteoform expression, structural conformations, dynamic turnover, and protein-protein interactions. Cardiac proteomics can offer a broader and deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underscore cardiovascular disease, and it is foundational to the development of future therapeutic interventions. This review encapsulates the evolution, current technologies, and future perspectives of proteomic-based mass spectrometry as it applies to the study of the heart. Key technological advancements have allowed researchers to study proteomes at a single-cell level and employ robot-assisted automation systems for enhanced sample preparation techniques, and the increase in fidelity of the mass spectrometers has allowed for the unambiguous identification of numerous dynamic posttranslational modifications. Animal models of cardiovascular disease, ranging from early animal experiments to current sophisticated models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, have provided the tools to study a challenging organ in the laboratory. Further technological development will pave the way for the implementation of proteomics even closer within the clinical setting, allowing not only scientists but also patients to benefit from an understanding of protein interplay as it relates to cardiac disease physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg A Karpov
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Aleksandr Stotland
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Blandine Chazarin
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Lizhuo Ai
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Christopher I Murray
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Li Y, Gao C, Zhao J, Zhao Z, Xie B, Zuo H, Zhang S, Dong J, Chen X, Li H, Bian Y. Screening of peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 inhibitors in traditional herbal medicines. Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106095. [PMID: 38942299 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) is a promising target for the treatment of metabolic diseases associated with autoimmune and central nervous system disease. By now there are limited numbers of PAD4 inhibitors, and no one is ready for clinical use. This study aims to find efficient and specific PAD4 inhibitors from traditional herbal medicines and to investigate their inhibitory mechanisms. The inhibitory effects of forty-eight extracts from sixteen traditional herbal medicines which are widely used in traditional herbal medicines were investigated. Salvia miltiorrhiza was found to have the most potent PAD4 inhibitory activity. After that, a practical bioactivity-guided fractionation coupling with a chemical profiling strategy was used to identify the fractions from Salvia miltiorrhiza with strong PAD4 inhibition activity, and the major constituents in these bioactive fractions were characterized by LC-MS/MS. Seven compounds were found to have inhibition on PAD4 with IC50 values ranging from 33.52 μM to 667 μM, in which salvianolic acid A showed the most potent inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 33.52 μM. Inhibition kinetic analyses indicated that salvianolic acid A effectively inhibited PAD4 in a mixed inhibitory manner, and computer simulation analyses demonstrated that salvianolic acid A binds to PAD4 mainly using hydrogen bonding. Overall, our results suggest that salvianolic acid A from Salvia miltiorrhiza is a potent inhibitor of PAD4, and that salvianolic acid A can be used as a promising lead compound for the development of more potent PAD4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Chunli Gao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Juanjuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Binxi Xie
- Chongqing Cigarette Factory, China Tobacco Chongqing Industrial Co, Ltd, Chongqing 400060, PR China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Shengxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Xufei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China
| | - Hui Li
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Fengyang Street 2, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, PR China.
| | - Yangyang Bian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, College of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710069, PR China.
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Beltrán-García J, Casabó-Vallés G, Osca-Verdegal R, Navarrete-López P, Rodriguez-Gimillo M, Nacher-Sendra E, Ferrando-Sánchez C, García-López E, Pallardó FV, Carbonell N, Mena-Mollá S, García-Giménez JL. Alterations in leukocyte DNA methylome are associated to immunosuppression in severe clinical phenotypes of septic patients. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1333705. [PMID: 38235139 PMCID: PMC10791922 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1333705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sepsis patients experience a complex interplay of host pro- and anti-inflammatory processes which compromise the clinical outcome. Despite considering the latest clinical and scientific research, our comprehension of the immunosuppressive events in septic episodes remains incomplete. Additionally, a lack of data exists regarding the role of epigenetics in modulating immunosuppression, subsequently impacting patient survival. Methods To advance the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying immunosuppression, in this study we explored the dynamics of DNA methylation using the Infinium Methylation EPIC v1.0 BeadChip Kit in leukocytes from patients suffering from sepsis, septic shock, and critically ill patients as controls, within the first 24 h after admission in the Intensive Care Unit of a tertiary hospital. Results and discussion Employing two distinct analysis approaches (DMRcate and mCSEA) in comparing septic shock and critically ill patients, we identified 1,256 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) intricately linked to critical immune system pathways. The examination of the top 100 differentially methylated positions (DMPs) between septic shock and critically ill patients facilitated a clear demarcation among the three patient groups. Notably, the top 6,657 DMPs exhibited associations with organ dysfunction and lactate levels. Among the individual genes displaying significant differential methylation, IL10, TREM1, IL1B, and TNFAIP8 emerged with the most pronounced methylation alterations across the diverse patient groups when subjected to DNA bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis. These findings underscore the dynamic nature of DNA methylation profiles, highlighting the most pronounced alterations in patients with septic shock, and revealing their close association with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Beltrán-García
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Germán Casabó-Vallés
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- EpiDisease S. L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rebeca Osca-Verdegal
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Paula Navarrete-López
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)-Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodriguez-Gimillo
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (HCUV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Elena Nacher-Sendra
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Ferrando-Sánchez
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (HCUV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva García-López
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Valencia, Spain
- EpiDisease S. L. (Spin-Off CIBER-ISCIII), Parc Científic de la Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nieves Carbonell
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (HCUV), Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Mollá
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Luis García-Giménez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Carlos III Health Institute, Valencia, Spain
- INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Nappi F. To Gain Insights into the Pathophysiological Mechanisms of the Thrombo-Inflammatory Process in the Atherosclerotic Plaque. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:47. [PMID: 38203218 PMCID: PMC10778759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Thromboinflammation, the interplay between thrombosis and inflammation, is a significant pathway that drives cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, as well as COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 causes inflammation and blood clotting issues. Innate immune cells have emerged as key modulators of this process. Neutrophils, the most predominant white blood cells in humans, are strategically positioned to promote thromboinflammation. By releasing decondensed chromatin structures called neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), neutrophils can initiate an organised cell death pathway. These structures are adorned with histones, cytoplasmic and granular proteins, and have cytotoxic, immunogenic, and prothrombotic effects that can hasten disease progression. Protein arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) catalyses the citrullination of histones and is involved in the release of extracellular DNA (NETosis). The neutrophil inflammasome is also required for this process. Understanding the link between the immunological function of neutrophils and the procoagulant and proinflammatory activities of monocytes and platelets is important in understanding thromboinflammation. This text discusses how vascular blockages occur in thromboinflammation due to the interaction between neutrophil extracellular traps and ultra-large VWF (von Willebrand Factor). The activity of PAD4 is important for understanding the processes that drive thromboinflammation by linking the immunological function of neutrophils with the procoagulant and proinflammatory activities of monocytes and platelets. This article reviews how vaso-occlusive events in thrombo-inflammation occur through the interaction of neutrophil extracellular traps with von Willebrand factor. It highlights the relevance of PAD4 in neutrophil inflammasome assembly and neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombo-inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Interaction between platelets, VWF, NETs and inflammasomes is critical for the progression of thromboinflammation in several diseases and was recently shown to be active in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nappi
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Centre Cardiologique du Nord, 93200 Saint-Denis, France
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