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Xu Y, Huang L, Zhuang Y, Huang H. Modulation of adipose tissue metabolism by exosomes in obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E709-E722. [PMID: 38416071 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and its related metabolic complications represent a significant global health challenge. Central to this is the dysregulation of glucolipid metabolism, with a predominant focus on glucose metabolic dysfunction in the current research, whereas adipose metabolism impairment garners less attention. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by various cells, have emerged as important mediators of intercellular communication and have the potential to be biomarkers, targets, and therapeutic tools for diverse diseases. In particular, EXs have been found to play a role in adipose metabolism by transporting cargoes such as noncoding RNAs (ncRNA), proteins, and other factors. This review article summarizes the current understanding of the role of EXs in mediating adipose metabolism disorders in obesity. It highlights their roles in adipogenesis (encompassing adipogenic differentiation and lipid synthesis), lipid catabolism, lipid transport, and white adipose browning. The insights provided by this review offer new avenues for developing exosome-based therapies to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghong Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, People's Republic of China
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Hernández-Gómez KG, Avila-Nava A, González-Salazar LE, Noriega LG, Serralde-Zúñiga AE, Guizar-Heredia R, Medina-Vera I, Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Torres N, Tovar AR, Guevara-Cruz M. Modulation of MicroRNAs and Exosomal MicroRNAs after Dietary Interventions for Obesity and Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review. Metabolites 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 38132872 PMCID: PMC10745452 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs approximately 22 nucleotides in length. Their main function is to regulate gene expression at the posttranscriptional level by inhibiting the translation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). miRNAs originate in the cell nucleus from specific genes, where they can perform their function. However, they can also be found in serum, plasma, or other body fluids travelling within vesicles called exosomes and/or bound to proteins or other particles such as lipoproteins. miRNAs can form complexes outside the cell where they are synthesized, mediating paracrine and endocrine communication between different tissues. In this way, they can modulate the gene expression and function of distal cells. It is known that the expression of miRNAs can be affected by multiple factors, such as the nutritional or pathological state of the individual, or even in conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, or after any dietary intervention. In this review, we will analyse miRNAs whose expression and circulation are affected in conditions of obesity and insulin resistance, as well as the changes generated after a dietary intervention, with the purpose of identifying new possible biomarkers of early response to nutritional treatment in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla G. Hernández-Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
| | - Azalia Avila-Nava
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida 97130, Mexico; (A.A.-N.); (A.L.G.-S.)
| | - Luis E. González-Salazar
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.G.-S.); (A.E.S.-Z.)
| | - Lilia G. Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
| | - Aurora E. Serralde-Zúñiga
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (L.E.G.-S.); (A.E.S.-Z.)
| | - Rocio Guizar-Heredia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
| | - Isabel Medina-Vera
- Departamento de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 14380 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ana Ligia Gutiérrez-Solis
- Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Península de Yucatán, Mérida 97130, Mexico; (A.A.-N.); (A.L.G.-S.)
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (K.G.H.-G.); (L.G.N.); (R.G.-H.); (N.T.)
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, 14380 Mexico City, Mexico
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