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Netsrithong R, Garcia-Perez L, Themeli M. Engineered T cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: from research towards clinical implementation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325209. [PMID: 38283344 PMCID: PMC10811463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived T (iT) cells represent a groundbreaking frontier in adoptive cell therapies with engineered T cells, poised to overcome pivotal limitations associated with conventional manufacturing methods. iPSCs offer an off-the-shelf source of therapeutic T cells with the potential for infinite expansion and straightforward genetic manipulation to ensure hypo-immunogenicity and introduce specific therapeutic functions, such as antigen specificity through a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Importantly, genetic engineering of iPSC offers the benefit of generating fully modified clonal lines that are amenable to rigorous safety assessments. Critical to harnessing the potential of iT cells is the development of a robust and clinically compatible production process. Current protocols for genetic engineering as well as differentiation protocols designed to mirror human hematopoiesis and T cell development, vary in efficiency and often contain non-compliant components, thereby rendering them unsuitable for clinical implementation. This comprehensive review centers on the remarkable progress made over the last decade in generating functional engineered T cells from iPSCs. Emphasis is placed on alignment with good manufacturing practice (GMP) standards, scalability, safety measures and quality controls, which constitute the fundamental prerequisites for clinical application. In conclusion, the focus on iPSC as a source promises standardized, scalable, clinically relevant, and potentially safer production of engineered T cells. This groundbreaking approach holds the potential to extend hope to a broader spectrum of patients and diseases, leading in a new era in adoptive T cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchapong Netsrithong
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura Garcia-Perez
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Biology and Immunology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Abe T, Sarentonglaga B, Nagao Y. Advancements in medical research using fetal sheep: Implications for human health and treatment methods. Anim Sci J 2024; 95:e13945. [PMID: 38651196 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Sheep are typically considered as industrial animals that provide wool and meals. However, they play a significant role in medical research in addition to their conventional use. Notably, sheep fetuses are resistant to surgical invasions and can endure numerous manipulations, such as needle puncture and cell transplantation, and surgical operations requiring exposure beyond the uterus. Based on these distinguishing characteristics, we established a chimeric sheep model capable of producing human/monkey pluripotent cell-derived blood cells via the fetal liver. Furthermore, sheep have become crucial as human fetal models, acting as platforms for developing and improving techniques for intrauterine surgery to address congenital disorders and clarifying the complex pharmacokinetic interactions between mothers and their fetuses. This study emphasizes the significant contributions of fetal sheep to advancing human disease understanding and treatment strategies, highlighting their unique characteristics that are not present in other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Abe
- Open Science Laboratory, Center for Development of Advanced Medical Technology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Yoshikazu Nagao
- Department of Agriculture, Utsunomiya University, Tochigi, Japan
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3
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Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:319. [PMID: 37936199 PMCID: PMC10631132 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. METHODS In this study, we compared the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. The results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. RESULTS Embryoid body-based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Blümke
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jessica Simon
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Rachel Wellington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Medania Purwaningrum
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sergei Doulatov
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Leber
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Marta Scatena
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Cecilia M Giachelli
- Department of Bioengineering, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Foege Hall University of Washington, 3720 15th, Ave NE, Box 355061, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Chang Y, Hummel SN, Jung J, Jin G, Deng Q, Bao X. Engineered hematopoietic and immune cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells. Exp Hematol 2023; 127:14-27. [PMID: 37611730 PMCID: PMC10615717 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
For the past decade, significant advances have been achieved in human hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation for treating various blood diseases and cancers. However, challenges remain with the quality control, amount, and cost of HSCs and HSC-derived immune cells. The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) may transform HSC transplantation and cancer immunotherapy by providing a cost-effective and scalable cell source for fundamental studies and translational applications. In this review, we discuss the current developments in the field of stem cell engineering for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) differentiation and further differentiation of HSPCs into functional immune cells. The key advances in stem cell engineering include the generation of HSPCs from hPSCs, genetic modification of hPSCs, and hPSC-derived HSPCs for improved function, further differentiation of HPSCs into functional immune cells, and applications of cell culture platforms for hematopoietic cell manufacturing. Current challenges impeding the translation of hPSC-HSPCs and immune cells as well as further directions to address these challenges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sydney N Hummel
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Juhyung Jung
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Qing Deng
- Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Institute for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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5
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Zheng H, Chen Y, Luo Q, Zhang J, Huang M, Xu Y, Huo D, Shan W, Tie R, Zhang M, Qian P, Huang H. Generating hematopoietic cells from human pluripotent stem cells: approaches, progress and challenges. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 37656237 PMCID: PMC10474004 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been suggested as a potential source for the production of blood cells for clinical application. In two decades, almost all types of blood cells can be successfully generated from hPSCs through various differentiated strategies. Meanwhile, with a deeper understanding of hematopoiesis, higher efficiency of generating progenitors and precursors of blood cells from hPSCs is achieved. However, how to generate large-scale mature functional cells from hPSCs for clinical use is still difficult. In this review, we summarized recent approaches that generated both hematopoietic stem cells and mature lineage cells from hPSCs, and remarked their efficiency and mechanisms in producing mature functional cells. We also discussed the major challenges in hPSC-derived products of blood cells and provided some potential solutions. Our review summarized efficient, simple, and defined methodologies for developing good manufacturing practice standards for hPSC-derived blood cells, which will facilitate the translation of these products into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqiong Zheng
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yijin Chen
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Mengmeng Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yulin Xu
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dawei Huo
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Shan
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Ruxiu Tie
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Pengxu Qian
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, 1369 West Wenyi Road, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
- Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
- Zhejiang Province Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunity Therapy, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
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Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2023; 142:519-532. [PMID: 37339578 PMCID: PMC10447622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis consists of multiple, partially overlapping hematopoietic waves that generate the differentiated blood cells required for embryonic development while establishing a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. This multilayered design in which active hematopoiesis migrates through diverse extra and intraembryonic tissues has made it difficult to define a roadmap for generating HSCs vs non-self-renewing progenitors, especially in humans. Recent single-cell studies have helped in identifying the rare human HSCs at stages when functional assays are unsuitable for distinguishing them from progenitors. This approach has made it possible to track the origin of human HSCs to the unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and document novel benchmarks for HSC migration and maturation in the conceptus. These studies have delivered new insights into the intricate process of HSC generation and provided tools to inform the in vitro efforts to replicate the physiological developmental journey from pluripotent stem cells via distinct mesodermal and endothelial intermediates to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvanese
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. Stem Cells 2023; 41:685-697. [PMID: 37220178 PMCID: PMC10346406 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several differentiation protocols enable the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), yet optimized schemes to promote the development of HSPCs with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation, and engraftment potential are lacking. To improve human iPSC differentiation methods, we modulated WNT, Activin/Nodal, and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small-molecule regulators CHIR99021, SB431542, and LY294002, respectively, and measured the impact on hematoendothelial formation in culture. Manipulation of these pathways provided a synergy sufficient to enhance formation of arterial hemogenic endothelium (HE) relative to control culture conditions. Importantly, this approach significantly increased production of human HSPCs with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, as well as phenotypic and molecular evidence of progressive maturation in culture. Together, these findings provide a stepwise improvement in human iPSC differentiation protocols and offer a framework for manipulating intrinsic cellular cues to enable de novo generation of human HSPCs with functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Li
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianyi Ding
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daisuke Araki
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andre Larochelle
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Blümke A, Ijeoma E, Simon J, Wellington R, Purwaningrum M, Doulatov S, Leber E, Scatena M, Giachelli CM. Comparison of osteoclast differentiation protocols from human induced pluripotent stem cells of different tissue origins. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3089289. [PMID: 37461708 PMCID: PMC10350192 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3089289/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Ever since their discovery, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been extensively differentiated into a large variety of cell types. However, a limited amount of work has been dedicated to differentiating iPSCs into osteoclasts. While several differentiation protocols have been published, it remains unclear which protocols or differentiation methods are preferrable regarding the differentiation of osteoclasts. Methods In this study we compare the osteoclastogenesis capacity of a peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-derived iPSC line to a fibroblast-derived iPSC line in conjunction with either embryoid body-based or monolayer-based differentiation strategies. Both cell lines and differentiation protocols were investigated regarding their ability to generate osteoclasts and their inherent robustness and ease of use. The ability of both cell lines to remain undifferentiated while propagating using a feeder-free system was assessed using alkaline phosphatase staining. This was followed by evaluating mesodermal differentiation and the characterization of hematopoietic progenitor cells using flow cytometry. Finally, osteoclast yield and functionality based on resorptive activity, Cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression were assessed. Results were validated using qRT-PCR throughout the differentiation stages. Results Embryoid-body based differentiation yielded CD45+, CD14+, CD11b+ subpopulations which in turn differentiated into osteoclasts which demonstrated TRAP positivity, Cathepsin K expression and mineral resorptive capabilities. This was regardless of which iPSC line was used. Monolayer-based differentiation yielded lower quantities of hematopoietic cells that were mostly CD34+ and did not subsequently differentiate into osteoclasts. Conclusions The outcome of this study demonstrates the successful differentiation of osteoclasts from iPSCs in conjunction with the embryoid-based differentiation method, while the monolayer-based method did not yield osteoclasts. No differences were observed regarding osteoclast differentiation between the PBMC and fibroblast-derived iPSC lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Ijeoma
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | - Jessica Simon
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
| | | | | | | | | | - Marta Scatena
- University of Washington Department of Bioengineering
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Li Y, Ding J, Araki D, Zou J, Larochelle A. Modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK Signaling Pathways Increases Arterial Hemogenic Endothelium and Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Formation During Human iPSC Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.21.529379. [PMID: 36865308 PMCID: PMC9980074 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.21.529379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Several differentiation protocols enable the emergence of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), yet optimized schemes to promote the development of HSPCs with self-renewal, multilineage differentiation and engraftment potential are lacking. To improve human iPSC differentiation methods, we modulated WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small molecule regulators CHIR99021, SB431542 and LY294002, respectively, and measured the impact on hematoendothelial formation in culture. Manipulation of these pathways provided a synergy sufficient to enhance formation of arterial hemogenic endothelium (HE) relative to control culture conditions. Importantly, this approach significantly increased production of human HSPCs with self-renewal and multilineage differentiation properties, as well as phenotypic and molecular evidence of progressive maturation in culture. Together, these findings provide a stepwise improvement in human iPSC differentiation protocols and offer a framework for manipulating intrinsic cellular cues to enable de novo generation of human HSPCs with functionality in vivo . Significance Statement The ability to produce functional HSPCs by differentiation of human iPSCs ex vivo holds enormous potential for cellular therapy of human blood disorders. However, obstacles still thwart translation of this approach to the clinic. In keeping with the prevailing arterial-specification model, we demonstrate that concurrent modulation of WNT, Activin/Nodal and MAPK signaling pathways by stage-specific addition of small molecules during human iPSC differentiation provides a synergy sufficient to promote arterialization of HE and production of HSPCs with features of definitive hematopoiesis. This simple differentiation scheme provides a unique tool for disease modeling, in vitro drug screening and eventual cell therapies.
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