Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay at the Cross-Roads of Adipose-Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Research

Composite of bacterial cellulose and gelatin: A versatile biocompatible scaffold for tissue engineering

Synthesis of 0.4 ± 0.03 g/L per day of pure and porous bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffolds (scaffBC) and BC scaffolds modified with gelatin (scaffBC/Gel) was carried out using the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-28 bacterial strain. FT-IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the scaffolds largely consist of crystalline cellulose I (Iα, Iß). Heating of BC with gelatin to 60 °C with subsequent lyophilization led to its modification by adsorption and binding of low-molecular fractions of gelatin and the formation of small pores between the fibers, which increased the biocompatibility and solubility of BC. The solubility of scaffBC and scaffBC/Gel was 20.8 % and 44.4 %, respectively, which enhances degradation in vivo. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and microcomputed tomography showed a uniform distribution of pores with a diameter of 100-500 μm. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model and subcutaneous implantation in rats confirmed low immunogenicity and intense formation of collagen fibers in both scaffolds and active germination of new blood vessels in scaffBC and scaffBC/Gel. The proliferative cellular activity of fibroblasts confirmed the safety of scaffolds. Taken together, the results obtained show that scaffBC/Gel can be used for the engineering of hard and soft tissues, which opens opportunities for further research.

Reverse pharmacology approach to validate the diabetic wound-healing activity of Jatyadi thailam formulations in vitro on diabetic mimic environment

Objective: Jatyadi thailam, an Ayurvedic preparation, is renowned for its efficacy in diabetic wound healing and inflammation. This study aimed to validate and compare the diabetic wound-healing potential of two Jatyadi thailam formulations - Ayurvedic formulary of India Jatyadi thailam (JT-AFI) and Yogagrantha formulation of Jatyadi thailam (JT-YG), in a diabetic environment using L929 fibroblast cells in vitro. Methodology: The effects on cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, ROS generation, and mitochondrial function were evaluated.Results: The formulations promoted cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, while also regulating cell cycle and apoptosis. They effectively suppressed ROS generation and modulated mitochondrial function. JT-AFI exhibited superior efficacy in accelerating diabetic wound healing compared to JT-YG.Conclusion: These findings provide substantial support for the mechanistic role of Jatyadi thailam in diabetic wound healing.

Partial Decellularization as a Method to Improve the Biocompatibility of Heart Tissue Implants

Increasing the biocompatibility of some biological implants through tissue engineering is important for regenerative medicine, which recently has a rapid development dynamic. In this study we used tree different washing protocols, respectively with Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS), with Sodium Deoxycholate (SD), and with saline (Sa) to achieve partial decellularization of 2-3mm thick cross-sections through Wistar rat hearts. Pieces of the heart tissue were either histologically analyzed to evaluate the decellularization processes or implanted for 5 days on 9-day-old chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and then histologically analyzed to evaluate CAM-implant interactions. Histological analysis of SLS or SD washed tissues showed different microscopic features of the decellularization processes, SLS-washing leading to the formation of a completely decellularized ECM layer at the periphery of the heart tissue. Both detergents induced changes in the spatial arrangement of collagen fibers of the heart tissue. Histological analysis of the CAM implants shoved that the peripheral zone with complete decellularization induced by SLS increased the biocompatibility of heart tissue implants by favoring neovascularization and cell migration. These results suggested that the biocompatibility of the heart tissue implant can be modulated by the appropriate use of a SLS-based decellularization protocol.

Optimizing phenol-modified hyaluronic acid for designing shape-maintaining biofabricated hydrogel scaffolds in soft tissue engineering

In this study, we developed a well-printable biomaterial ink for 3D printing of shape-maintaining hydrogel scaffolds. The hydrogel base comprised tyramine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Tyr) and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and was dually cross-linked. Using the Box-Behnken design, we explored how varying the ink composition affected fiber formation and shape preservation. By adjusting the polymer ratios, we produced a stable hydrogel with varying responses, from a viscous liquid to a thick gel, and optimized 3D scaffolds that were structurally stable both during and after printing, offering precision and flexibility. Our ink exhibited shear-thinning behavior and high swelling capacity, as well as ECM-like characteristics and biocompatibility, making it an ideal candidate for soft tissues matrices with storage modulus of around 300 Pa. Animal trials and CAM assays confirmed its biocompatibility and integration with host tissue.