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Perales IE, Jones SD, Duan T, Geyer PK. Maintenance of germline stem cell homeostasis despite severe nuclear distortion. Dev Biol 2024; 515:139-150. [PMID: 39038593 PMCID: PMC11317214 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Stem cell loss in aging and disease is associated with nuclear deformation. Yet, how nuclear shape influences stem cell homeostasis is poorly understood. We investigated this connection using Drosophila germline stem cells, as survival of these stem cells is compromised by dysfunction of the nuclear lamina, the extensive protein network that lines the inner nuclear membrane and gives shape to the nucleus. To induce nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, we used the GAL4-UAS system to increase expression of the permanently farnesylated nuclear lamina protein, Kugelkern, a rate limiting factor for nuclear growth. We show that elevated Kugelkern levels cause severe nuclear distortion in germline stem cells, including extensive thickening and lobulation of the nuclear envelope and nuclear lamina, as well as alteration of internal nuclear compartments. Despite these changes, germline stem cell number, proliferation, and female fertility are preserved, even as females age. Collectively, these data demonstrate that disruption of nuclear architecture does not cause a failure of germline stem cell survival or homeostasis, revealing that nuclear deformation does not invariably promote stem cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella E Perales
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Samuel D Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Tingting Duan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Pamela K Geyer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Vitacolonna M, Bruch R, Agaçi A, Nürnberg E, Cesetti T, Keller F, Padovani F, Sauer S, Schmoller KM, Reischl M, Hafner M, Rudolf R. A multiparametric analysis including single-cell and subcellular feature assessment reveals differential behavior of spheroid cultures on distinct ultra-low attachment plate types. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1422235. [PMID: 39157442 PMCID: PMC11327450 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1422235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Spheroids have become principal three-dimensional models to study cancer, developmental processes, and drug efficacy. Single-cell analysis techniques have emerged as ideal tools to gauge the complexity of cellular responses in these models. However, the single-cell quantitative assessment based on 3D-microscopic data of the subcellular distribution of fluorescence markers, such as the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio of transcription factors, has largely remained elusive. For spheroid generation, ultra-low attachment plates are noteworthy due to their simplicity, compatibility with automation, and experimental and commercial accessibility. However, it is unknown whether and to what degree the plate type impacts spheroid formation and biology. This study developed a novel AI-based pipeline for the analysis of 3D-confocal data of optically cleared large spheroids at the wholemount, single-cell, and sub-cellular levels. To identify relevant samples for the pipeline, automated brightfield microscopy was employed to systematically compare the size and eccentricity of spheroids formed in six different plate types using four distinct human cell lines. This showed that all plate types exhibited similar spheroid-forming capabilities and the gross patterns of growth or shrinkage during 4 days after seeding were comparable. Yet, size and eccentricity varied systematically among specific cell lines and plate types. Based on this prescreen, spheroids of HaCaT keratinocytes and HT-29 cancer cells were further assessed. In HaCaT spheroids, the in-depth analysis revealed a correlation between spheroid size, cell proliferation, and the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio of the transcriptional coactivator, YAP1, as well as an inverse correlation with respect to cell differentiation. These findings, yielded with a spheroid model and at a single-cell level, corroborate earlier concepts of the role of YAP1 in cell proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes in human skin. Further, the results show that the plate type may influence the outcome of experimental campaigns and that it is advisable to scan different plate types for the optimal configuration during a specific investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vitacolonna
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Roman Bruch
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ane Agaçi
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Elina Nürnberg
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tiziana Cesetti
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Florian Keller
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Francesco Padovani
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simeon Sauer
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kurt M. Schmoller
- Institute of Functional Epigenetics (IFE), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center München, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Reischl
- Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mathias Hafner
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Rudolf
- CeMOS, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Medical Technology, Medical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg University and Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
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Notarangelo MP, Penolazzi L, Lambertini E, Falzoni S, De Bonis P, Capanni C, Di Virgilio F, Piva R. The NFATc1/P2X7 receptor relationship in human intervertebral disc cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1368318. [PMID: 38638530 PMCID: PMC11024252 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1368318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive understanding of the molecules that play key roles in the physiological and pathological homeostasis of the human intervertebral disc (IVD) remains challenging, as does the development of new therapeutic treatments. We recently found a positive correlation between IVD degeneration (IDD) and P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) expression increases both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. Using immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR), overexpression, and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we found that NFATc1 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) are critical regulators of P2X7R. Both transcription factors are recruited at the promoter of the P2RX7 gene and involved in its positive and negative regulation, respectively. Furthermore, using the proximity ligation assay, we revealed that P2X7R and NFATc1 form a molecular complex and that P2X7R is closely associated with lamin A/C, a major component of the nuclear lamina. Collectively, our study identifies, for the first time, P2X7R and NFATc1 as markers of IVD degeneration and demonstrates that both NFATc1 and lamin A/C are interaction partners of P2X7R.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Letizia Penolazzi
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Lambertini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences of the University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Simonetta Falzoni
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pasquale De Bonis
- Neurosurgery Department, Sant’Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cristina Capanni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Piva
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Bueno C, García-Bernal D, Martínez S, Blanquer M, Moraleda JM. The nuclei of human adult stem cells can move within the cell and generate cellular protrusions to contact other cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:32. [PMID: 38321563 PMCID: PMC10848534 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal transdifferentiation of adult bone marrow cells (BMCs) is still considered an artifact based on an alternative explanation of experimental results supporting this phenomenon obtained over decades. However, recent studies have shown that following neural induction, BMCs enter an intermediate cellular state before adopting neural-like morphologies by active neurite extension and that binucleated BMCs can be formed independent of any cell fusion events. These findings provide evidence to reject the idea that BMC neural transdifferentiation is merely an experimental artifact. Therefore, understanding the intermediate states that cells pass through during transdifferentiation is crucial given their potential application in regenerative medicine and disease modelling. METHODS In this study, we examined the functional significance of the variety of morphologies and positioning that cell nuclei of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) can adopt during neural-like differentiation using live-cell nuclear fluorescence labelling, time-lapse microscopy, and confocal microscopy analysis. RESULTS Here, we showed that after neural induction, hBM-MSCs enter an intermediate cellular state in which the nuclei are able to move within the cells, switching shapes and positioning and even generating cellular protrusions as they attempt to contact the cells around them. These findings suggest that changes in nuclear positioning occur because human cell nuclei somehow sense their environment. In addition, we showed the process of direct interactions between cell nuclei, which opens the possibility of a new level of intercellular interaction. CONCLUSIONS The present study advances the understanding of the intermediate stage through which hBM-MSCs pass during neural transdifferentiation, which may be crucial to understanding the mechanisms of these cell conversion processes and eventually harness them for use in regenerative medicine. Importantly, our study provides for the first time evidence that the nuclei of hBM-MSC-derived intermediate cells somehow sense their environment, generating cellular protrusions to contact other cells. In summary, human mesenchymal stromal cells could not only help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying cellular plasticity but also facilitate the exact significance of nuclear positioning in cellular function and in tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Bueno
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - David García-Bernal
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
- Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Salvador Martínez
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Alicante (UMH-CSIC), Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550, San Juan, Alicante, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Network Research on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Alicante Institute for Health and Biomedical Research (ISABIAL), 03010, Alicante, Spain
| | - Miguel Blanquer
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - José M Moraleda
- Medicine Department and Hematopoietic Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Research (IMIB), University of Murcia, 30120, Murcia, Spain
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Qiu Y, Sajidah ES, Kondo S, Narimatsu S, Sandira MI, Higashiguchi Y, Nishide G, Taoka A, Hazawa M, Inaba Y, Inoue H, Matsushima A, Okada Y, Nakada M, Ando T, Lim K, Wong RW. An Efficient Method for Isolating and Purifying Nuclei from Mice Brain for Single-Molecule Imaging Using High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy. Cells 2024; 13:279. [PMID: 38334671 PMCID: PMC10855070 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) on the nuclear membrane surface have a crucial function in controlling the movement of small molecules and macromolecules between the cell nucleus and cytoplasm through their intricate core channel resembling a spiderweb with several layers. Currently, there are few methods available to accurately measure the dynamics of nuclear pores on the nuclear membranes at the nanoscale. The limitation of traditional optical imaging is due to diffraction, which prevents achieving the required resolution for observing a diverse array of organelles and proteins within cells. Super-resolution techniques have effectively addressed this constraint by enabling the observation of subcellular components on the nanoscale. Nevertheless, it is crucial to acknowledge that these methods often need the use of fixed samples. This also raises the question of how closely a static image represents the real intracellular dynamic system. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a unique technique used in the field of dynamic structural biology, enabling the study of individual molecules in motion close to their native states. Establishing a reliable and repeatable technique for imaging mammalian tissue at the nanoscale using HS-AFM remains challenging due to inadequate sample preparation. This study presents the rapid strainer microfiltration (RSM) protocol for directly preparing high-quality nuclei from the mouse brain. Subsequently, we promptly utilize HS-AFM real-time imaging and cinematography approaches to record the spatiotemporal of nuclear pore nano-dynamics from the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Qiu
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Elma Sakinatus Sajidah
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Sota Kondo
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Shinnosuke Narimatsu
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Muhammad Isman Sandira
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Yoshiki Higashiguchi
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Goro Nishide
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
| | - Azuma Taoka
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuka Inaba
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inoue
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Ayami Matsushima
- Laboratory of Structure-Function Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuki Okada
- Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Toshio Ando
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Keesiang Lim
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
| | - Richard W. Wong
- Division of Nano Life Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (Y.Q.); (M.I.S.)
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan (M.H.); (T.A.)
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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