1
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang F. Noninvasive in vivo microscopy of single neutrophils in the mouse brain via NIR-II fluorescent nanomaterials. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3. [PMID: 38605264 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In vivo microscopy of single cells enables following pathological changes in tissues, revealing signaling networks and cell interactions critical to disease progression. However, conventional intravital microscopy at visible and near-infrared wavelengths <900 nm (NIR-I) suffers from attenuation and is typically performed following the surgical creation of an imaging window. Such surgical procedures cause the alteration of the local vasculature and induce inflammation in skin, muscle and skull, inevitably altering the microenvironment in the imaging area. Here, we detail the use of near-infrared fluorescence (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) for in vivo microscopy to circumvent attenuation in living tissues. This approach enables the noninvasive visualization of cell migration in deep tissues by labeling specific cells with NIR-II lanthanide downshifting nanoparticles exhibiting high physicochemical stability and photostability. We further developed a NIR-II fluorescence microscopy setup for in vivo imaging through the intact skull with high spatiotemporal resolution, which we use for the real-time dynamic visualization of single-neutrophil behavior in the deep brain of a mouse model of ischemic stroke. The labeled downshifting nanoparticle synthesis takes 5-6 d, the imaging system setup takes 1-2 h, the in vivo cell labeling takes 1-3 h, the in vivo NIR-II microscopic imaging takes 3-5 h and the data analysis takes 3-8 h. The procedures can be performed by users with standard laboratory training in nanomaterials research and appropriate animal handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Puranen J, Ranta VP, Ruponen M, Urtti A, Sadeghi A. Quantitative intravitreal pharmacokinetics in mouse as a step towards inter-species translation. Exp Eye Res 2023; 235:109638. [PMID: 37657528 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Although mouse models are widely used in retinal drug development, pharmacokinetics in mouse eye is poorly understood. In this study, we applied non-invasive in vivo fluorophotometry to study pharmacokinetics of intravitreal fluorescein sodium (molecular weight 0.38 kDa) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD-150; molecular weight 150 kDa) in mice. Intravitreal half-lives of fluorescein and FD-150 in mouse eyes were 0.53 ± 0.06 h and 2.61 ± 0.86 h, respectively. These values are 8-230 times shorter than the elimination half-lives of similar compounds in the human vitreous. The apparent volumes of distribution in the mouse vitreous were close to the anatomical volume of the mouse vitreous (FD-150, 5.1 μl; fluorescein, 9.6 μl). Dose scaling factors were calculated from mouse to rat, rabbit, monkey and human translation. Based on pharmacokinetic modelling and compound concentrations in the vitreous and anterior chamber, fluorescein is mainly eliminated posteriorly across blood-retina barrier, but FD-150 is cleared via aqueous humour outflow. The results of this study improve the knowledge of intravitreal pharmacokinetics in mouse and facilitate inter-species scaling in ocular drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jooseppi Puranen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Veli-Pekka Ranta
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marika Ruponen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Arto Urtti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, FI-00790, Finland
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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3
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Puskas JE, Shrikhande G, Molnar K. Synthesis and Characterization of Four-functional Fluoresceins. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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4
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Zhang J, Gabel D, Assaf KI, Nau WM. A Fluorescein-Substituted Perbrominated Dodecaborate Cluster as an Anchor Dye for Large Macrocyclic Hosts and Its Application in Indicator Displacement Assays. Org Lett 2022; 24:9184-9188. [PMID: 36507622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perhalogenated boron clusters derived from B12Br122-, a superchaotropic dianion with a globular icosahedral shape, serve as inorganic cavity binders for cyclodextrins (CDs), in particular for large CDs (γ-CD and δ-CD), with high binding affinity (Ka > 106 M-1) in aqueous solution. This opens the door for applications of this anchoring moiety by linking it to organic residues, prominently fluorescent dyes. We report here the synthesis of a novel fluorescein-substituted perbrominated dodecaborate cluster by a copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne click reaction. The formation of host-guest inclusion complexes between the dodecaborate-modified fluorescein dye and CDs can be readily followed by optical titrations, which afforded a binding constant of ∼1 × 104 M-1 with γ-CD; that is, the cluster functionalization allows binding of an otherwise nonbinding dye to the macrocycle ("anchor dye"). The formation of the 1:1 host-guest inclusion complex between the dye and γ-CD occurs over a broad range of pH values, which allows its application as a sensitive reporter pair according to the indicator displacement method, e.g., for drug detection. In addition, the substituted dye shows outer-wall binding to cucurbiturils through the dodecaborate moiety, leading to the formation of aggregates and significant fluorescence quenching of the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Zhang
- Jacobs University Bremen, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Detlef Gabel
- Jacobs University Bremen, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Khaleel I Assaf
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, 19117 Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Werner M Nau
- Jacobs University Bremen, School of Science, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
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5
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Dinesan H, Kumar SS. Laser-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Spectroscopy of Trapped Molecular Ions in the Gas Phase. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1393-1411. [PMID: 36263923 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221120830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy of trapped gas-phase molecular ions, a developing field of research. Following a brief description of the theory and experimental approaches employed in general for fluorescence spectroscopy, the review summarizes the current state-of-the-art intrinsic fluorescence measurement techniques employed for gas-phase ions. Whereas the LIF spectroscopy of condensed matter systems is a well-developed area of research, the instrumentation used for such studies is not directly applicable to gas-phase ions. However, some measurement schemes employed in condensed-phase experiments could be highly beneficial for gas-phase investigations. We have included a brief discussion on some of these techniques as well. Quadrupole ion traps are commonly used for spatial confinement of ions in the ion-trap-based LIF. One of the main challenges involved in such experiments is the poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) arising due to weak gas-phase fluorescence emission, high background noise, and small solid angle for the fluorescence collection optics. The experimental approaches based on the integrated high-finesse optical cavities employed for the condensed-phase measurements provide a better (typically an order of magnitude more) SNR in the detected fluorescence than the single-pass detection schemes. Another key to improving the SNR is to exploit the maximum solid angle of light collection by choosing high numerical aperture (NA) collection optics. A combination of these two approaches integrated with ion traps could transmogrify this field, allowing one to study even weak fluorescence emission from gas-phase molecular ions. The review concludes by discussing the scope of the advances in the LIF instrumentation for detailed spectral characterization of fluorophores of weak gas-phase fluorescence emission, considering fluorescein as one example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemanth Dinesan
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), 443874Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
| | - S Sunil Kumar
- Department of Physics and Center for Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Sciences and Technologies (CAMOST), 443874Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, India
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6
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Rational Design of a Fluorescent Chromophore as a Calcium Receptor via DFT and Multivariate Approaches. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196248. [PMID: 36234784 PMCID: PMC9572636 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational and experimental approaches were adopted to utilize a chromophore diglycolic functionalized fluorescein derivative as a Ca2+ receptor. Fluorescein diglycolic acid (Fl-DGA, 1) was synthesized and used in multivariate determination of Ca2+ and K+. Full-structure computation shows that the complexes of 1 and Ca2+ have comparable energies regardless of additional interaction with lactone moiety. The initial formation of diglycolic-Ca2+ complex followed by macrocyclization is thermodynamically disfavored. A U-shaped pre-organized 1 allows Ca2+ to interact simultaneously with diglycolic and lactone motifs. Both motifs actively participate in Ca2+ recognition and the eleven methylene units in the undecyl arm provides excellent flexibility for reorganization and optimum interaction. Principal component analysis (PCA) of computational molecular properties reveals a simple method in evaluating motifs for cation recognition. Fragment models support full-structure results that negative charge causes significant structural changes, but do not reproduce the full extent of C-O bond breaking observed in the latter. Experimental optical responses show that 1 is selective towards Ca2+ and discriminates against K+ and Mg2+. PCA of emission intensities affords distinct clusters of 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mM Ca2+ and K+, and suggests applicability of this technique for simultaneous determination of cationic plant macronutrients in precision agriculture and a wide variety of other applications.
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7
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Chan YH, Alahmadi A, Alotibi R, Ramji DP. Evaluation of Plaque Burden and Lipid Content in Atherosclerotic Plaques. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2419:481-496. [PMID: 35237983 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1924-7_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the formation of lipid-rich, fibrous plaques within the arterial wall of medium and large arteries. Plaques prone to rupture are typically rich in lipids and pro-inflammatory markers. Cells within the plaque can take up lipids via different mechanisms leading to the formation and accumulation of lipid-rich foam cells, a key hallmark of the disease. Evaluation of plaque burden and lipid content is hence important to determine disease progression and severity. This chapter describes the most commonly used staining methods that enable visualization and analysis of mouse atherosclerotic plaques. These methods include en face preparation of mouse aorta, and staining sections of arteries using hematoxylin and eosin, Oil Red O, and Masson's Trichrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Hung Chan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alaa Alahmadi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Reem Alotibi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dipak P Ramji
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Catala A, Dzieciatkowska M, Wang G, Gutierrez-Hartmann A, Simberg D, Hansen KC, D'Alessandro A, Catalano CE. Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Trastuzumab Using Designer Phage Lambda Nanoparticles Alters Cellular Programs in Human Breast Cancer Cells. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11789-11805. [PMID: 34189924 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
| Several diseases exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity and diverse reprogramming of cellular pathways. To address this complexity, additional strategies and technologies must be developed to define their scope and variability with the goal of improving current treatments. Nanomedicines derived from viruses are modular systems that can be easily adapted for combinatorial approaches, including imaging, biomarker targeting, and intracellular delivery of therapeutics. Here, we describe a "designer nanoparticle" system that can be rapidly engineered in a tunable and defined manner. Phage-like particles (PLPs) derived from bacteriophage lambda possess physiochemical properties compatible with pharmaceutical standards, and in vitro particle tracking and cell targeting are accomplished by simultaneous display of fluorescein-5-maleimide (F5M) and trastuzumab (Trz), respectively (Trz-PLPs). Trz-PLPs bind to the oncogenically active human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and are internalized by breast cancer cells of the HER2 overexpression subtype, but not by those lacking the HER2 amplification. Compared to treatment with Trz, robust internalization of Trz-PLPs results in higher intracellular concentrations of Trz, prolonged inhibition of cell growth, and modulated regulation of cellular programs associated with HER2 signaling, proliferation, metabolism, and protein synthesis. Given the implications to cancer pathogenesis and that dysregulated signaling and metabolism can lead to drug resistance and cancer cell survival, the present study identifies metabolic and proteomic liabilities that could be exploited by the PLP platform to enhance therapeutic efficacy. The lambda PLP system is robust and rapidly modifiable, which offers a platform that can be easily "tuned" for broad utility and tailored functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Catala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Monika Dzieciatkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Guankui Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Arthur Gutierrez-Hartmann
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Medicine - Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Dmitri Simberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Medicine - Division of Hematology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Carlos E Catalano
- Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
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9
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Juma JM, Vuai SAH. Computational studies of the thermodynamic properties, and global and reactivity descriptors of fluorescein dye derivatives in acetonitrile using density functional theory. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1747519821994518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This work reports density functional theory calculations of the optimized geometries, molecular reactivity, energy gap, and thermodynamic properties of molecular dyes fluorescein (FS), fluorescein attached with methoxy (FSO), fluorescein attached with amine (FSA), fluorescein attached with methane (FSM), fluorescein attached with ethene (FSE), and fluorescein attached with thiophene (FST) using the hybrid functional B3LYP and 6-311G basis sets. When donating groups are attached to the molecular dye, the bond lengths are slightly decreased which is important for easy transfer of electron from donating to the accepting group. For all dyes, highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest occupied molecular orbital analysis results in positive outcomes upon electron injection to semiconductors and subsequent dye regeneration by the electrolyte. The ionization potential increases with increasing conjugation; therefore, the molecular dye attached to thiophene has the highest ionization potential. Meanwhile, a donating group with increased conjugation results in low electron affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juma Mzume Juma
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Muslim University of Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania, United Republic of
| | - Said AH Vuai
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Muslim University of Morogoro, Morogoro, Tanzania, United Republic of
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10
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Vasantha Ramachandran R, Bhat R, Kumar Saini D, Ghosh A. Theragnostic nanomotors: Successes and upcoming challenges. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1736. [PMID: 34173342 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The idea of "fantastic voyagers" carrying out medical tasks within the human body has existed as part of popular culture for many decades. The concept revolved around a miniaturized robot that can travel inside the human body and perform complicated functions such as surgery, navigation of otherwise inaccessible biological environments, and delivery of therapeutics. Since the last decade, significant developments have occurred in this arena that are yet to enter mainstream biomedical practises. Here, we define the challenges to make this fiction into reality. We begin by chalking the journey from pills, nanoparticles, and then to micro-nanomotors. The review describes the principles, physicochemical contexts, and advantages that micro-nanomotors provide. The article then describes micro-nanomotors' obstacles such as maneuverability, in vivo imaging, toxicity, and biodistribution. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramray Bhat
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Centre for Biosystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambarish Ghosh
- Centre for Nano Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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11
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Ojha B, Laxman K, Ravikanth M. Synthesis of 3
H
‐Pyrrolo‐(1,2‐
a
) Indole‐based Fluorophore Macrocycles and their Stable Cation Radicals. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Belarani Ojha
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
| | - Kandala Laxman
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
- IITB-Monash Research Academy IIT Bombay Powai, Mumbai 400076 India
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12
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Prieto-Montero R, Katsumiti A, Cajaraville MP, López-Arbeloa I, Martínez-Martínez V. Functionalized Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles for Bioimaging of Cancer Cells. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E5590. [PMID: 33003513 PMCID: PMC7582890 DOI: 10.3390/s20195590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles were designed and synthesized to selectively target cancer cells for bioimaging analysis. The synthesis method and characterization of functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles (50-60 nm), as well as internalization and subcellular localization in HeLa cells is reported here. The dye, rhodamine 101 (R101) was physically embedded during the sol-gel synthesis. The dye loading was optimized by varying the synthesis conditions (temperature and dye concentration added to the gel) and by the use of different organotriethoxysilanes as a second silica precursor. Additionally, R101, was also covalently bound to the functionalized external surface of the silica nanoparticles. The quantum yields of the dye-doped silica nanoparticles range from 0.25 to 0.50 and demonstrated an enhanced brightness of 230-260 fold respect to the free dye in solution. The shell of the nanoparticles was further decorated with PEG of 2000 Da and folic acid (FA) to ensure good stability in water and to enhance selectivity to cancer cells, respectively. In vitro assays with HeLa cells showed that fluorescent nanoparticles were internalized by cells accumulating exclusively into lysosomes. Quantitative analysis showed a significantly higher accumulation of FA functionalized fluorescent silica nanoparticles compared to nanoparticles without FA, proving that the former may represent good candidates for targeting cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Prieto-Montero
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (I.L.-A.)
| | - Alberto Katsumiti
- Departamento de Zoología y Biología Celular Animal, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.K.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Miren Pilare Cajaraville
- Departamento de Zoología y Biología Celular Animal, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (A.K.); (M.P.C.)
| | - Iñigo López-Arbeloa
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (I.L.-A.)
| | - Virginia Martínez-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad del País Vasco/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain; (R.P.-M.); (I.L.-A.)
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13
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Oxygen- and pH-Dependent Photophysics of Fluorinated Fluorescein Derivatives: Non-Symmetrical vs. Symmetrical Fluorination. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20185172. [PMID: 32927830 PMCID: PMC7570907 DOI: 10.3390/s20185172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescein, and derivatives of fluorescein, are often used as fluorescent probes and sensors. In systems where pH is a variable, protonation/deprotonation of the molecule can influence the pertinent photophysics. Fluorination of the xanthene moiety can alter the molecule’s pKa such as to render a probe whose photophysics remains invariant over a wide pH range. Di-fluorination is often sufficient to accomplish this goal, as has been demonstrated with compounds such as Oregon Green in which the xanthene moiety is symmetrically difluorinated. In this work, we synthesized a non-symmetrical difluorinated analog of Oregon Green which we call Athens Green. We ascertained that the photophysics and photochemistry of Athens Green, including the oxygen-dependent photophysics that results in the sensitized production of singlet oxygen, O2(a1Δg), can differ appreciably from the photophysics of Oregon Green. Our data indicate that Athens Green will be a more benign fluorescent probe in systems that involve the production and removal of O2(a1Δg). These results expand the available options in the toolbox of fluorescein-based fluorophores.
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14
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Shrikhande G, Mulay P, Puskas JE. PEGylation of Fluorescein by Enzyme‐Catalyzed “Click” Michael Addition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000163. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Shrikhande
- Department of ChemicalBiomolecular, and Corrosion EngineeringThe University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Prajakatta Mulay
- Department of ChemicalBiomolecular, and Corrosion EngineeringThe University of Akron Akron OH 44325 USA
| | - Judit E. Puskas
- Department of FoodAgricultural and Biological EngineeringThe Ohio State University Wooster OH 44691 USA
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15
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Cahill LC, Wu Y, Yoshitake T, Ponchiardi C, Giacomelli MG, Wagner AA, Rosen S, Fujimoto JG. Nonlinear microscopy for detection of prostate cancer: analysis of sensitivity and specificity in radical prostatectomies. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:916-923. [PMID: 31745288 PMCID: PMC7195230 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-019-0408-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Intraoperative evaluation of specimens during radical prostatectomy using frozen sections can be time and labor intensive. Nonlinear microscopy (NLM) is a fluorescence microscopy technique that can rapidly generate images that closely resemble H&E histology in freshly excised tissue, without requiring freezing or microtome sectioning. Specimens are stained with nuclear and cytoplasmic/stromal fluorophores, and NLM evaluation can begin within 3 min of grossing. Fluorescence signals can be displayed using an H&E color scale, facilitating pathologist interpretation. This study evaluates the accuracy of prostate cancer detection in a blinded reading of NLM images compared with the gold standard of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded H&E histology. A total of 122 freshly excised prostate specimens were obtained from 40 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy. The prostates were grossed, dissected into specimens of ~10 × 10 mm with 1-4 mm thickness, stained for 2 min for nuclear and cytoplasmic/stromal contrast, and then rinsed with saline for 30 s. NLM images were acquired and multiple images were stitched together to generate large field of view, centimeter-scale digital images suitable for reading. Specimens were then processed for standard paraffin H&E. The study protocol consisted of training, pretesting, and blinded reading phases. After a washout period, pathologists read corresponding paraffin H&E slides. Three pathologists achieved a 95% or greater sensitivity with 100% specificity for detecting cancer on NLM compared with paraffin H&E. Pooled sensitivity and specificity was 97.3% (93.7-99.1%; 95% confidence interval) and 100.0% (97.0-100.0%), respectively. Interobserver agreement for NLM reading had a Fleiss κ = 0.95. The high cancer detection accuracy and rapid specimen preparation suggest that NLM may be useful for intraoperative evaluation in radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yubo Wu
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cecilia Ponchiardi
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A. Wagner
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seymour Rosen
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Wagner BD, Arnold AE, Gallant ST, Grinton CR, Locke JK, Mills ND, Snow CA, Uhlig TB, Vessey CN. The polarity sensitivity factor of some fluorescent probe molecules used for studying supramolecular systems and other heterogeneous environments. CAN J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2017-0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy provides an excellent technique for investigating heterogeneous systems, due to its high sensitivity and the large effect of the local environment on molecular emission. In addition, the use of polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes as guests in supramolecular host–guest inclusion complexes can be exploited in fluorescent sensors. This paper identifies, tabulates, and quantifies a series of useful polarity-sensitive fluorescent probes, with a wide range of polarity-dependent fluorescence responses. The degree of polarity sensitivity is quantified using the polarity sensitivity factor (PSF), developed in our laboratory. In most cases, such polarity-sensitive probes show increased emission as the local polarity is decreased (PSF > 1); 10 such probes are described. However, less commonly, “reverse polarity dependence” can occur in which probe emission decreases with decreasing polarity (PSF < 1); four such probes are described. The mechanism for the observed polarity-induced fluorescence changes will also be discussed in selected representative cases. The purpose of this paper is to present details on a broad arsenal of polarity-sensitive fluorescence probes with varying properties, with potentially useful applications in the study of heterogeneous systems, including inclusion phenomena, and in practical applications such as fluorescent sensors, which will be useful to researchers studying supramolecular and other heterogeneous systems using fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Wagner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Amy E. Arnold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Spencer T. Gallant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Carmen R. Grinton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Julia K. Locke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Natasha D. Mills
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Carrie A. Snow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Timara B. Uhlig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
| | - Christen N. Vessey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1E 1Z5, Canada
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17
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Bonin E, dos Santos A, Fiori da Silva A, Ribeiro L, Favero M, Campanerut-Sá P, de Freitas C, Caetano W, Hioka N, Mikcha J. Photodynamic inactivation of foodborne bacteria by eosin Y. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1617-1628. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Bonin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - A.R. dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - A. Fiori da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - L.H. Ribeiro
- Curso de Engenharia de Alimentos; Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - M.E. Favero
- Departamento de Patologia; Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas; Universidade Estadual de Londrina; Londrina PR Brazil
| | - P.A.Z. Campanerut-Sá
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - C.F. de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - W. Caetano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - N. Hioka
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química; Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
| | - J.M.G. Mikcha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência de Alimentos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Biomedicina; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Maringá PR Brazil
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18
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Hwang JY, Lee JY, Cho CW, Choi W, Lee Y, Shim S, Hwang GT. 5-Bromo-4',5'-bis(dimethylamino)fluorescein: Synthesis and Photophysical Studies. Molecules 2018; 23:E219. [PMID: 29361711 PMCID: PMC6017165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, three new fluorescein derivatives-5-bromo-4',5'-dinitrofluorescein (BDNF), 5-bromo-4',5'-diaminofluorescein (BDAF), and 5-bromo-4',5'-bis(dimethylamino)fluorescein (BBDMAF)-were synthesized and their pH-dependent protolytic equilibria were investigated. In particular, BBDMAF exhibited pH-dependent fluorescence, showing strong emission only at pH 3-6. BBDMAF bears a bromine moiety and thus, can be used in various cross-coupling reactions to prepare derivatives and take advantage of its unique emission properties. To confirm this, the Suzuki and Sonogashira reactions of BBDMAF with phenylboronic acid and phenylacetylene, respectively, were performed, and the desired products were successfully obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Jung-Yean Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chang-Woo Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Wonjun Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yejin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry, Sunchon National University, 255 Jungang-ro, Sunchon, Jeonnam 57922, Korea; (W.C.); (Y.L.)
| | - Gil Tae Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.Y.H.); (J.-Y.L.); (C.-W.C.)
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19
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Cahill LC, Giacomelli MG, Yoshitake T, Vardeh H, Faulkner-Jones BE, Connolly JL, Sun CK, Fujimoto JG. Rapid virtual hematoxylin and eosin histology of breast tissue specimens using a compact fluorescence nonlinear microscope. J Transl Med 2018; 98:150-160. [PMID: 29131161 PMCID: PMC5752596 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery for breast cancer require repeat surgeries due to close to or positive margins. The lengthy processing required for evaluating surgical margins by standard paraffin-embedded histology precludes its use during surgery and therefore, technologies for rapid evaluation of surgical pathology could improve the treatment of breast cancer by reducing the number of surgeries required. We demonstrate real-time histological evaluation of breast cancer surgical specimens by staining specimens with acridine orange (AO) and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) analogously to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and then imaging the specimens with fluorescence nonlinear microscopy (NLM) using a compact femtosecond fiber laser. A video-rate computational light absorption model was used to produce realistic virtual H&E images of tissue in real time and in three dimensions. NLM imaging could be performed to depths of 100 μm below the tissue surface, which is important since many surgical specimens require subsurface evaluation due to contamination artifacts on the tissue surface from electrocautery, surgical ink, or debris from specimen handling. We validate this method by expert review of NLM images compared to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) H&E histology. Diagnostically important features such as normal terminal ductal lobular units, fibrous and adipose stromal parenchyma, inflammation, invasive carcinoma, and in situ lobular and ductal carcinoma were present in NLM images associated with pathologies identified on standard FFPE H&E histology. We demonstrate that AO and SR101 were extracted to undetectable levels after FFPE processing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) HER2 amplification status was unaffected by the NLM imaging protocol. This method potentially enables cost-effective, real-time histological guidance of surgical resections.
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MESH Headings
- Acridine Orange/chemistry
- Breast/cytology
- Breast/immunology
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/diagnosis
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/immunology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/pathology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Coloring Agents/chemistry
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Intraoperative Period
- Margins of Excision
- Mastectomy
- Mastectomy, Segmental
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
- Organ Sparing Treatments
- Rhodamines/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hilde Vardeh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beverly E. Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L. Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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20
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Garg P, Kaur G, Chaudhary GR. Chromium-based metallosurfactants: synthesis, physicochemical characterization and probing of their interactions with xanthene dyes. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj04226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The solubilization of xanthene dyes of variable solubility has been estimated in chromium based metallosurfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Garg
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
| | - Ganga Ram Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry
- Panjab University
- Chandigarh
- India
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21
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Hwang JY, Shim S, Hwang GT. 4′,5′-Bis(dimethylamino)fluorescein Exhibits pH-Dependent Emission Behavior Distinct From That of Fluorescein. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeon Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro Bukgu Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdeok Shim
- Department of Chemistry; Sunchon National University; 255 Jungang-ro Sunchon Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Tae Hwang
- Department of Chemistry; Kyungpook National University; 80 Daehakro Bukgu Daegu 41566 Republic of Korea
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22
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Olson KR, Gao Y, Arif F, Arora K, Patel S, DeLeon E, Straub KD. Fluorescence quenching by metal centered porphyrins and poryphyrin enzymes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R340-R346. [PMID: 28835449 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy have been used extensively to monitor biomolecules, especially reactive oxygen species (ROS) and, more recently, reactive sulfide (RSS) species. Nearly all fluorophores are either excited by or emit light between 450 and 550 nm, which is similar to the absorbance of heme proteins and metal-centered porphyrins. Here we examined the effects of catalase (Cat), reduced and oxidized hemoglobin (Hb and metHb), albumin (alb), manganese (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (MnTBAP), iron protoporphyrin IX (hemin), and copper protoporphyrin IX (CuPPIX) on the fluorescence properties of fluorescein. We also examined the effects of catalase and MnTBAP on fluorophores for ROS (dichlorofluorescein, DCF), polysulfides (3',6'-di(O-thiosalicyl)fluorescein, SSP4), and H2S (7-azido-4-methylcoumarin, AzMC) previously activated by H2O2, a mixed polysulfide (H2Sn, n = 1-7) and H2S, respectively. All except albumin concentration dependently inhibited fluorophore fluorescence and absorbed light between 450 and 550 nm, suggesting that the inhibitory effect was physical not catalytic. Catalase inhibition of fluorescein fluorescence was unaffected by sodium azide, dithiothreitol, diamide, tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP), or iodoacetate, supporting a physical inhibitory mechanism. Catalase and TBAP augmented, then inhibited DCF fluorescence, but only inhibited SSP4 and AzMC fluorescence indicative of a substrate-specific catalytic oxidation of DCF and nonspecific fluorescence inhibition of all three fluorophores. These results suggest caution must be exercised when using any fluorescent tracers in the vicinity of metal-centered porphyrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Olson
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana;
| | - Yan Gao
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Faihaan Arif
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Kanika Arora
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Shivali Patel
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Eric DeLeon
- Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend Center, South Bend, Indiana.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Karl D Straub
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; and.,Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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23
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Nakamura Y, Yoshida S, Hosoya T. Facile Synthesis of Phthalides from Methyl ortho-Iodobenzoates and Ketones via an Iodine–Magnesium Exchange Reaction Using a Silylmethyl Grignard Reagent. CHEM LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.170211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Nakamura
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
| | - Suguru Yoshida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062
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24
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Dunn KW, Ryan JC. Using quantitative intravital multiphoton microscopy to dissect hepatic transport in rats. Methods 2017; 128:40-51. [PMID: 28434905 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic solute transport is a complex process whose disruption is associated with liver disease and drug-induced liver injury. Intravital multiphoton fluorescence excitation microscopy provides the spatial and temporal resolution necessary to characterize hepatic transport at the level of individual hepatocytes in vivo and thus to identify the mechanisms and cellular consequences of cholestasis. Here we present an overview of the use of fluorescence microscopy for studies of hepatic transport in living animals, and describe how we have combined methods of intravital microscopy and digital image analysis to dissect the effects of drugs and pathological conditions on the function of hepatic transporters in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth W Dunn
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States.
| | - Jennifer C Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States
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25
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Eosin fluorescence: A diagnostic tool for quantification of liver injury. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017; 19:37-44. [PMID: 28400340 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis is one of the most common life threatening diseases. The diagnosis is mainly based on biochemical analysis such as liver function test. However, histopathological evaluation of liver serves far better for more accurate final diagnosis. The goal of our study was to evaluate the eosin fluorescence pattern in CCl4-induced liver injury model compared with normal and different treatment groups. For this purpose, liver tissues were stained with H/E and examined under bright field microscope but the fluorescence microscopy of H/E stained slides provided an interesting fluorescence pattern and was quite helpful in identifying different structures. Interesting fluorescence patterns were obtained with FITC, Texas Red and Dual channel filter cubes that were quite helpful in identifying different morphological features of the liver. During the course of hepatic injury, liver cells undergo necrosis, apoptosis and overall cellular microenvironment is altered due to the modification of proteins and other intracellular molecules. Intensified eosin fluorescence was observed around the central vein of injured liver compared to normal indicating enhanced binding of eosin to the more exposed amino acid residues. To conclude, eosin fluorescence pattern varies with the health status of a tissue and can be used further for the diagnosis and quantification of severity of various liver diseases.
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26
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Photodynamic Efficiency of Xanthene Dyes and Their Phototoxicity against a Carcinoma Cell Line: A Computational and Experimental Study. J CHEM-NY 2017. [DOI: 10.1155/2017/7365263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to assess the insights of molecular properties of the xanthene dyes [fluorescein (FL), Rose Bengal (RB), erythrosin B (EB), and eosin Y (EY)] to correlate systematically their photodynamic efficiency as well as their phototoxicity against a carcinoma cell line. The phototoxicity was evaluated by comparing the values of the medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) upon HEp-2 cells with the xanthene corresponding photodynamic activity using the uric acid as a chemical dosimeter and their octanol-water partition coefficient (logP). RB was the more cytotoxic dye against HEp-2 cell line and the most efficient photosensitizer in causing photoxidation of uric acid; nevertheless it was the only one characterized as being hydrophobic among the xanthenes studied here. On the other hand, it was observed that the halogen substituents increased the hydrophilicity and photodynamic activity, consistent with the cytotoxic experiments. Furthermore, the reactivity index parameters, electric dipole moment, molecular volume, and the frontier orbitals were also obtained by the Density Functional Theory (DFT). The lowest dipole moment and highest molecular volume of RB corroborate with its highest hydrophobicity due to heavy atom substituents like halogens, while the halogen substituents did not affect expressively the electronic features at all.
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27
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28
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Ghosh KK, Jeong YM, Kang NY, Lee J, Si Yan Diana W, Kim JY, Yoo J, Kim D, Kim YK, Chang YT. The development of a nucleus staining fluorescent probe for dynamic mitosis imaging in live cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:9336-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc02295a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The rapid and efficient synthesis of a novel fluorescent xanthone library (AX) and its application for the development of a new nucleus staining fluorescent probe (CDb12) for monitoring real-time mitosis progression in live cells is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kanta Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
| | - Yun-Mi Jeong
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- 138667 Singapore
| | - Nam-Young Kang
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- 138667 Singapore
| | - JungYeol Lee
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
| | - Wan Si Yan Diana
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- 138667 Singapore
| | - Jun-Young Kim
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
- Agency for Science
- Technology and Research (A*STAR)
- 138667 Singapore
| | - Jaeduk Yoo
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
| | - Dohee Kim
- Center for Neuro-medicine
- Brain Science Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Center for Neuro-medicine
- Brain Science Institute
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)
- Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute
- National University of Singapore
- 117543 Singapore
- Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development
- Singapore Bioimaging Consortium
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29
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Kwapiszewski R, Szczudlowska J, Kwapiszewska K, Dybko A, Brzozka Z. Effect of downscaling on the linearity range of a calibration curve in spectrofluorimetry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:4551-6. [PMID: 24817359 PMCID: PMC4077246 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7844-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Interest in the microfluidic environment, owing to its unique physical properties, is increasing in much innovative chemical, biological, or medicinal research. The possibility of exploiting and using new phenomena makes the microscale a powerful tool to improve currently used macroscopic methods and approaches. Previously, we reported that an increase in the surface area to volume ratio of a measuring cell could provide a wider linear range for fluorescein (Kwapiszewski et al., Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 403:151–155, 2012). Here, we present a broader study in this field to confirm the assumptions we presented before. We studied fluorophores with a large and a small Stokes shift using a standard cuvette and fabricated microfluidic detection cells having different surface area to volume ratios. We analyzed the effect of different configurations of the detection cell on the measured fluorescence signal. We also took into consideration the effect of concentration on the emission spectrum, and the effect of the surface area to volume ratio on the limit of linearity of the response of the selected fluorophores. We observed that downscaling, leading to an increase in the probability of collisions between molecules and cell walls with no energy transfer, results in an increase in the limit of linearity of the calibration curve of fluorophores. The results obtained suggest that microfluidic systems can be an alternative to the currently used approaches for widening the linearity of a calibration curve. Therefore, microsystems can be useful for studies of optically dense samples and samples that should not be diluted. Microfluidic systems as a tool to increase the dynamic range of fluorophores ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Radoslaw Kwapiszewski
- Department of Microbioanalytics, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland,
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