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Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment plays a crucial role in tumor progression. We performed immune profiling to compare immune-related gene expression between ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive carcinoma of the breast using nCounter PanCancer immune Profiling Panel and found that CXCL10 was the most significant gene that had the highest difference in expression between them. Effect of CXCL10 on breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion was examined in vitro, and expression of CXCL10 and its relationship with immune cell infiltration was assessed in breast cancer samples. CXCL10 induced cell proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. We confirmed that CXCL10 mRNA expression was significantly higher in invasive carcinoma than in DCIS, especially in hormone receptor (HR)-negative tumors using a validation set. CXCL10 mRNA expression showed a positive correlation with tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in both DCIS and invasive carcinoma; CXCL10-positive tumors generally showed higher infiltration of CD8+ and FOXP3+TILs as well as PD-L1+ immune cells compared to CXCL10-negative tumors, albeit with different patterns according to HR status. In conclusion, our study showed that CXCL10 promotes tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and immune cell infiltration, implying its contribution in the progression of DCIS to invasive carcinoma of the breast.
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MESH Headings
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CXCL10/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Disease Progression
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/genetics
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/immunology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- MCF-7 Cells
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment/genetics
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Milim Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yeon Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Woo
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yul Ri Chung
- Pathology Center, Seegene Medical Foundation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82, Gumi-ro 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13620, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Behring M, Ye Y, Elkholy A, Bajpai P, Agarwal S, Kim H, Ojesina AI, Wiener HW, Manne U, Shrestha S, Vazquez AI. Immunophenotype-associated gene signature in ductal breast tumors varies by receptor subtype, but the expression of individual signature genes remains consistent. Cancer Med 2021; 10:5712-5720. [PMID: 34189853 PMCID: PMC8366080 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In silico deconvolution of invasive immune cell infiltration in bulk breast tumors helps characterize immunophenotype, expands treatment options, and influences survival endpoints. In this study, we identify the differential expression (DE) of the LM22 signature to classify immune-rich and -poor breast tumors and evaluate immune infiltration by receptor subtype and lymph node metastasis. METHODS Using publicly available data, we applied the CIBERSORT algorithm to estimate immune cells infiltrating the tumor into immune-rich and immune-poor groups. We then tested the association of receptor subtype and nodal status with immune-rich/poor phenotype. We used DE to test individual signature genes and over-representation analysis for related pathways. RESULTS CCL19 and CXCL9 expression differed between rich/poor signature groups regardless of subtype. Overexpression of CHI3L2 and FES was observed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) relative to other subtypes in immune-rich tumors. Non-signature genes, LYZ, C1QB, CORO1A, EVI2B, GBP1, PSMB9, and CD52 were consistently overexpressed in immune-rich tumors, and SCUBE2 and GRIA2 were associated with immune-poor tumors. Immune-rich tumors had significant upregulation of genes/pathways while none were identified in immune-poor tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the proportion of immune-rich/poor tumors differed by subtype; however, a subset of 10 LM22 genes that marked immune-rich status remained the same across subtype. Non-LM22 genes differentially expressed between the phenotypes suggest that the biologic processes responsible for immune-poor phenotype are not yet well characterized.
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MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Datasets as Topic
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Up-Regulation/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Behring
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Yuanfan Ye
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Amr Elkholy
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Prachi Bajpai
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Sumit Agarwal
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Hyung‐Gyoon Kim
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Akinyemi I. Ojesina
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Howard W Wiener
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Upender Manne
- Department of Pathology and SurgeryUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
- Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Sadeep Shrestha
- Department of EpidemiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA
| | - Ana I. Vazquez
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science & EngineeringEast LansingMIUSA
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Huang D, Chen X, Zeng X, Lao L, Li J, Xing Y, Lu Y, Ouyang Q, Chen J, Yang L, Su F, Yao H, Liu Q, Su S, Song E. Targeting regulator of G protein signaling 1 in tumor-specific T cells enhances their trafficking to breast cancer. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:865-879. [PMID: 34140678 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Reduced infiltration of anti-tumor lymphocytes remains a major cause of tumor immune evasion and is correlated with poor cancer survival. Here, we found that upregulation of regulator of G protein signaling (RGS)1 in helper TH1 cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) reduced their trafficking to and survival in tumors and was associated with shorter survival of patients with breast and lung cancer. RGS1 was upregulated by type II interferon (IFN)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1 signaling and impaired trafficking of circulating T cells to tumors by inhibiting calcium influx and suppressing activation of the kinases ERK and AKT. RGS1 knockdown in adoptively transferred tumor-specific CTLs significantly increased their infiltration and survival in breast and lung tumor grafts and effectively inhibited tumor growth in vivo, which was further improved when combined with programmed death ligand (PD-L)1 checkpoint inhibition. Our findings reveal RGS1 is important for tumor immune evasion and suggest that targeting RGS1 may provide a new strategy for tumor immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/transplantation
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Microscopy, Video
- RGS Proteins/genetics
- RGS Proteins/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/transplantation
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Time-Lapse Imaging
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Escape
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueman Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyan Lao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiwen Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ouyang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linbin Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxi Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shicheng Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Erwei Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Bioland Laboratory, Guangzhou, China.
- Program of Molecular Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Fountain-Valley Institute for Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institute of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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Goff SL, Danforth DN. The Role of Immune Cells in Breast Tissue and Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2021; 21:e63-e73. [PMID: 32893093 PMCID: PMC7775885 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are present in normal breast tissue and in breast carcinoma. The nature and distribution of the immune cell subtypes in these tissues are reviewed to promote a better understanding of their important role in breast cancer prevention and treatment. We conducted a review of the literature to define the type, location, distribution, and role of immune cells in normal breast tissue and in in situ and invasive breast cancer. Immune cells in normal breast tissue are located predominantly within the epithelial component in breast ductal lobules. Immune cell subtypes representing innate immunity (NK, CD68+, and CD11c+ cells) and adaptive immunity (most commonly CD8+, but CD4+ and CD20+ as well) are present; CD8+ cells are the most common subtype and are primarily effector memory cells. Immune cells may recognize neoantigens and endogenous and exogenous ligands and may serve in chronic inflammation and immunosurveillance. Progression to breast cancer is characterized by increased immune cell infiltrates in tumor parenchyma and stroma, including CD4+ and CD8+ granzyme B+ cytotoxic T cells, B cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer may serve as prognostic indicators for response to chemotherapy and for survival. Experimental strategies of adoptive transfer of breast tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte may allow regression of metastatic breast cancer and encourage development of innovative T-cell strategies for the immunotherapy of breast cancer. In conclusion, immune cells in breast tissues play an important role throughout breast carcinogenesis. An understanding of these roles has important implications for the prevention and the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Goff
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David N Danforth
- Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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5
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Bai F, Zhang P, Fu Y, Chen H, Zhang M, Huang Q, Li D, Li B, Wu K. Targeting ANXA1 abrogates Treg-mediated immune suppression in triple-negative breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000169. [PMID: 32300050 PMCID: PMC7204868 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a negative role in anti-tumor immunity against triple-negative breast cancer, so it is of great significance to find the potential therapeutic target of Treg cells. METHODS First, Annexin A1 (ANXA1) expression and survival of patients with breast cancer were analyzed using TCGA data. Then plasma ANXA1 levels in patients with malignant and benign breast tumors were detected by ELISA. Next, the effect of ANXA1 on Treg cells was studied through suppressive assays, and how ANXA1 regulates the function of Treg cells was detected by RNA sequencing. Finally, the in vivo experiment in balb/c mice was conducted to test whether the ANXA1 blocker Boc1 could shrink tumors and affect the function of Treg cells. RESULTS Our data suggest that ANXA1 expression is associated with lower survival and a higher risk of breast malignancy. Suppressive assays show that ANXA1 can enhance the inhibition function of Treg cells. RNA-Sequencing results indicate that Boc1 could reduce the expression of granzyme A mRNA in Treg cells. Animal experiments have been done to show that Boc1 can reduce tumor size and down regulate Treg cell function. CONCLUSIONS ANXA1 can enhance the function of Treg cells and reduce the survival rate of patients with breast cancer. Targeting ANXA1 can reduce Treg cell function and shrink breast tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Annexin A1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Annexin A1/genetics
- Annexin A1/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Bai
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Fu
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingdi Zhang
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianru Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kejin Wu
- Breast Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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de Boo L, Cimino-Mathews A, Lubeck Y, Daletzakis A, Opdam M, Sanders J, Hooijberg E, van Rossum A, Loncova Z, Rieder D, Trajanoski Z, Vollebergh M, Sobral-Leite M, van de Vijver K, Broeks A, van der Wiel R, van Tinteren H, Linn S, Horlings HM, Kok M. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and BRCA-like status in stage III breast cancer patients randomised to adjuvant intensified platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2020; 127:240-250. [PMID: 31956037 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) differs by breast cancer (BC) subtype. The aim of this study was to evaluate TILs in stage III BC in the context of BRCA1/2-like phenotypes and association with outcome and benefit of intensified platinum-based chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients participated in a randomised controlled trial of adjuvant intensified platinum-based chemotherapy versus conventional anthracycline-based chemotherapy carried out between 1993 and 1999 in stage III BC. Stromal TILs were scored according to International guidelines in these human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumours. BRCA-profiles were determined using Comparative Genomic Hybridization. RESULTS TIL levels were evaluated in 248 BCs. High TILs were associated with Triple Negative BC (TNBC). BRCA-like tumours harboured higher TILs compared to non-BRCA-like tumours (median TILs of 20% versus 10%, p < 0.01). TIL levels in BRCA1-like tumours were higher compared to BRCA2-like tumours (median TILs of 20% versus 10%, p < 0.001). These correlations remained significant within the oestrogen (ER)-positive subgroup, however not within the TNBC subgroup. In this stage III BC cohort, high TIL level was associated with favourable outcome (TILs per 10% increment, recurrence-free survival (RFS): multivariate hazard ratio (HR) 0.82, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.71-0.94, p = 0.01; overall survival (OS): multivariate HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68-0.94, p = 0.01). There was no significant interaction between TILs and benefit of intensified platinum-based chemotherapy. CONCLUSION In this high-risk breast cancer cohort, high TILs were associated with TNBC and BRCA1-like status. Within the ER-positive subgroup, TIL levels were higher in BRCA1-like compared to BRCA2-like tumours. When adjusted for clinical characteristics, TILs were significantly associated with a more favourable outcome in stage III BC patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- BRCA1 Protein/genetics
- BRCA2 Protein/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carboplatin/administration & dosage
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Cyclophosphamide/administration & dosage
- Epirubicin/administration & dosage
- Female
- Fluorouracil/administration & dosage
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Mutation
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Staging
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Thiotepa/administration & dosage
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora de Boo
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yoni Lubeck
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonios Daletzakis
- Biometrics Department, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Sanders
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Hooijberg
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annelot van Rossum
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zuzana Loncova
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dietmar Rieder
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marieke Vollebergh
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo Sobral-Leite
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Coordenação de Pesquisa, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Koen van de Vijver
- Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rianne van der Wiel
- Core Facility Molecular Pathology and Biobanking, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm van Tinteren
- Biometrics Department, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine Linn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo Mark Horlings
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Molecular Oncology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Morgan E, Suresh A, Ganju A, Stover DG, Wesolowski R, Sardesai S, Noonan A, Reinbolt R, VanDeusen J, Williams N, Cherian MA, Li Z, Young G, Palettas M, Stephens J, Liu J, Luff A, Ramaswamy B, Lustberg M. Assessment of outcomes and novel immune biomarkers in metaplastic breast cancer: a single institution retrospective study. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18:11. [PMID: 31937323 PMCID: PMC6961248 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1780-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic breast cancer remains poorly characterized given its rarity and heterogeneity. The majority of metaplastic breast cancers demonstrate a phenotype of triple-negative breast cancer; however, differences in clinical outcomes between metaplastic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer in the era of third-generation chemotherapy remain unclear. METHODS We compared the clinical outcomes between women with metaplastic breast cancer and women with triple-negative breast cancer diagnosed between 1994 and 2014. Metaplastic breast cancer patients were matched 1:3 to triple-negative breast cancer patients by stage and age at diagnosis. Distant disease-free survival (DDFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Immune checkpoint markers were characterized by immunohistochemistry in a subset of samples. RESULTS Forty-four metaplastic breast cancer patients (stage I 14%; stage II 73%; stage III 11%; stage IV 2%) with an average age of 55.4 (± 13.9) years at diagnosis. Median follow-up for the included metaplastic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer patients (n = 174) was 2.8 (0.1-19.0) years. The DDFS and OS between matched metaplastic breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer patients were similar, even when adjusting for clinical covariates (DDFS: HR = 1.64, p = 0.22; OS: HR = 1.64, p = 0.26). Metaplastic breast cancer samples (n = 27) demonstrated greater amount of CD163 in the stroma (p = 0.05) and PD-L1 in the tumor (p = 0.01) than triple-negative breast cancer samples (n = 119), although more triple-negative breast cancer samples were positive for CD8 in the tumor than metaplastic breast cancer samples (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Patients with metaplastic breast cancer had similar outcomes to those with triple-negative breast cancer based on DDFS and OS. The immune checkpoint marker profile of metaplastic breast cancers in this study may prove useful in future studies attempting to demonstrate an association between immune profile and survival.
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MESH Headings
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Metaplasia/pathology
- Metaplasia/therapy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Rate
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Morgan
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Anupama Suresh
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Akaansha Ganju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio USA
| | - Daniel G. Stover
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Robert Wesolowski
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Sagar Sardesai
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Anne Noonan
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Raquel Reinbolt
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Jeffrey VanDeusen
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Nicole Williams
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Mathew A. Cherian
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Zaibo Li
- Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Gregory Young
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Marilly Palettas
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Julie Stephens
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Joseph Liu
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Amanda Luff
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
| | - Maryam Lustberg
- Stefanie Spielman Comprehensive Breast Cancer, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH USA
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8
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Abstract
A case of bilateral thyroid metastases from ductal carcinoma of the breast is presented with emphasis on some unusual clinical findings: presentation after a long disease-free interval; clinical signs mimicking an acute thyroiditis; cystic structure of the left-sided metastatic nodule. Fine needle aspiration cytology from both nodules showed highly atypical tumor cells, such as to warrant a differential diagnosis between metastatic breast cancer on the one hand and anaplastic and medullary carcinoma of the thyroid on the other. Immunophenotypic study of the neoplasm on a cell block preparation of the aspirated material showed negativity for both thyroglobulin and calcitonin; instead, the tumor cells were strongly stained with antibodies against the “breast-related” markers alpha-lactalbumin and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15. Therefore, immunochemistry allowed us to establish a definite diagnosis of metastatic breast disease of the thyroid, thereby avoiding surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ferrara
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Azienda Ospedaliera Gaetano Rummo, Benevento, Italy
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9
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Abstract
Aims and background There is an enhanced immune response in patients with breast cancer after the use of chemotherapy. The objective of this study was therefore to investigate alterations in the number of peripheral lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) and the relationship with prognosis. Methods Thirty women were analyzed. Their UICC staging was IIb (only T3N0 included) and III (N3 not included). Sample analysis was performed using flow cytometry before the first cycle and 18 to 21 days after the last cycle of NC. The lymphocyte subsets studied were: T (CD3, CD4, CD8), B (CD19, CD23), natural killer (NK) (CD56, CD16), and interleukin-2 (CD25). CD3, CD56, CD8, and CD16 lymphocytes were analyzed with double marking. After x = 3.8 ± 1.3 cycles of 5-fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide (FEC), 16 patients showed a complete or partial response (group 1). After three cycles 14 showed no response or tumor progression (group 2). A control group of healthy women was used for pretreatment analysis. Results Before NC there was a significant increase in B lymphocytes and NK cells in comparison to the control group. After NC there was a significant percentage increase in CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25 and CD3+CD56+ cells and a decrease in CD19, CD23, CD56, CD16 and CD16+CD8+ cells. There was a significant fall in the absolute number of CD4, CD19, CD23, CD56, CD16 and CD16+CD8+ lymphocytes and an increase in GD3+CD56+ lymphocytes. Before NC the ratio CD4/CD8 in group 1 was 2.25 ± 0.5 and in group 2 it was 1.79 ± 0.5 (P <0.05). Conclusions Patients with advanced breast cancer showed increases in B and NK lymphocytes. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FEC) caused an increase in CD3+CD56+ and a decrease in B lymphocytes. Patients with an increased CD4/CD8 ratio have a better chance of responding to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Murta
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
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10
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Alvarez A, Martinez Rodriguez PI, Nuñez MI, Alba A, Allende MT, Ruibal Morell A. TPS cytosolic levels in non-malignant breast diseases. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 10:183-5. [PMID: 8551064 DOI: 10.1177/172460089501000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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11
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Howell LP, DeNardo SJ, Levy NB, Lund J, DeNardo GL. Immunohistochemical Staining of Metastatic Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast by Monoclonal Antibodies used in Imaging and Therapy: A Comparative Study. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 10:129-35. [PMID: 8551054 DOI: 10.1177/172460089501000301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Five monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) (L6, 170H.82, 155, BrE-3 and BR96), most of which have been previously shown to target breast cancer and not normal tissues by immunoscintigraphic imaging, were evaluated for their frequency and pattern of immunohistochemical staining in 67 to 116 metastatic lesions from patients with ductal carcinoma of the breast. Immunoperoxidase staining in 75% or more of the cells occurred in 56/116 (48%) for L6, 44189 (49%) for Br, -96, 58/102 (57%) for 155, 62/99 (84%) for 170H.82, and 65.67 (97%) for BrE-3. With the first three MoAbs, an additional 6-10% of the tumors showed staining in 50-75% of tumor cells. These results illustrate that most patients with metastatic ductal carcinoma have cancer tissue in which a high percent of cells will react to several of these selected MoAbs that target different epitopes. The high expression of the MoAb targets throughout the tumor tissue makes these antibodies potential candidates to carry immunologically directed radioimmunotherapy and is an aid in selecting patients for treatment..
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/therapeutic use
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Female
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry/methods
- Mice
- Radioimmunotherapy
- Staining and Labeling/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Howell
- Department of Pathology, University of California, David Medical Center, Sacramento CA, USA
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12
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Cahill LC, Giacomelli MG, Yoshitake T, Vardeh H, Faulkner-Jones BE, Connolly JL, Sun CK, Fujimoto JG. Rapid virtual hematoxylin and eosin histology of breast tissue specimens using a compact fluorescence nonlinear microscope. J Transl Med 2018; 98:150-160. [PMID: 29131161 PMCID: PMC5752596 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 40% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery for breast cancer require repeat surgeries due to close to or positive margins. The lengthy processing required for evaluating surgical margins by standard paraffin-embedded histology precludes its use during surgery and therefore, technologies for rapid evaluation of surgical pathology could improve the treatment of breast cancer by reducing the number of surgeries required. We demonstrate real-time histological evaluation of breast cancer surgical specimens by staining specimens with acridine orange (AO) and sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) analogously to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and then imaging the specimens with fluorescence nonlinear microscopy (NLM) using a compact femtosecond fiber laser. A video-rate computational light absorption model was used to produce realistic virtual H&E images of tissue in real time and in three dimensions. NLM imaging could be performed to depths of 100 μm below the tissue surface, which is important since many surgical specimens require subsurface evaluation due to contamination artifacts on the tissue surface from electrocautery, surgical ink, or debris from specimen handling. We validate this method by expert review of NLM images compared to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) H&E histology. Diagnostically important features such as normal terminal ductal lobular units, fibrous and adipose stromal parenchyma, inflammation, invasive carcinoma, and in situ lobular and ductal carcinoma were present in NLM images associated with pathologies identified on standard FFPE H&E histology. We demonstrate that AO and SR101 were extracted to undetectable levels after FFPE processing and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) HER2 amplification status was unaffected by the NLM imaging protocol. This method potentially enables cost-effective, real-time histological guidance of surgical resections.
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MESH Headings
- Acridine Orange/chemistry
- Breast/cytology
- Breast/immunology
- Breast/pathology
- Breast/surgery
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/diagnosis
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/immunology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/pathology
- Breast Carcinoma In Situ/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Coloring Agents/chemistry
- Female
- Fluorescent Dyes/chemistry
- Humans
- Imaging, Three-Dimensional
- Intraoperative Period
- Margins of Excision
- Mastectomy
- Mastectomy, Segmental
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Nonlinear Optical Microscopy
- Organ Sparing Treatments
- Rhodamines/chemistry
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas C. Cahill
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michael G. Giacomelli
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tadayuki Yoshitake
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hilde Vardeh
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beverly E. Faulkner-Jones
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James L. Connolly
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi-Kuang Sun
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - James G. Fujimoto
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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13
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Gil Del Alcazar CR, Huh SJ, Ekram MB, Trinh A, Liu LL, Beca F, Zi X, Kwak M, Bergholtz H, Su Y, Ding L, Russnes HG, Richardson AL, Babski K, Min Hui Kim E, McDonnell CH, Wagner J, Rowberry R, Freeman GJ, Dillon D, Sorlie T, Coussens LM, Garber JE, Fan R, Bobolis K, Allred DC, Jeong J, Park SY, Michor F, Polyak K. Immune Escape in Breast Cancer During In Situ to Invasive Carcinoma Transition. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:1098-1115. [PMID: 28652380 PMCID: PMC5628128 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-17-0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To investigate immune escape during breast tumor progression, we analyzed the composition of leukocytes in normal breast tissues, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). We found significant tissue and tumor subtype-specific differences in multiple cell types including T cells and neutrophils. Gene expression profiling of CD45+CD3+ T cells demonstrated a decrease in CD8+ signatures in IDCs. Immunofluorescence analysis showed fewer activated GZMB+CD8+ T cells in IDC than in DCIS, including in matched DCIS and recurrent IDC. T-cell receptor clonotype diversity was significantly higher in DCIS than in IDCs. Immune checkpoint protein TIGIT-expressing T cells were more frequent in DCIS, whereas high PD-L1 expression and amplification of CD274 (encoding PD-L1) was only detected in triple-negative IDCs. Coamplification of a 17q12 chemokine cluster with ERBB2 subdivided HER2+ breast tumors into immunologically and clinically distinct subtypes. Our results show coevolution of cancer cells and the immune microenvironment during tumor progression.Significance: The design of effective cancer immunotherapies requires the understanding of mechanisms underlying immune escape during tumor progression. Here we demonstrate a switch to a less active tumor immune environment during the in situ to invasive breast carcinoma transition, and identify immune regulators and genomic alterations that shape tumor evolution. Cancer Discov; 7(10); 1098-115. ©2017 AACR.See related commentary by Speiser and Verdeil, p. 1062This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1047.
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MESH Headings
- B7-H1 Antigen/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- CD3 Complex/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Gil Del Alcazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sung Jin Huh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Muhammad B Ekram
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Anne Trinh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lin L Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Francisco Beca
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiaoyuan Zi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Minsuk Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Helga Bergholtz
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ying Su
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lina Ding
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Hege G Russnes
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Jon Wagner
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California
| | - Ron Rowberry
- Sutter Roseville Medical Center, Roseville, California
| | - Gordon J Freeman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Deborah Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Therese Sorlie
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa M Coussens
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - D Craig Allred
- Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Joon Jeong
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Medical College, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- The Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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14
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Jokhadze T, Gaiozishvili M, Buadze T, Sigua T, Namchelvadze E, Lezhava T. [EVALUATION OF GENOMIC PARAMETERS IN DUCTAL BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AND THE ABILITY OF IT'S CORRECTION]. Georgian Med News 2017:120-125. [PMID: 28574395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The level of DNA single strand breaks, chromosomal abnormalities and sister chromatid exchanges and the possibility of its normalization with oligopeptide bioregulator Livagen and cobalt ions in the lymphocyte culture from patients with breast cancer have been studied. The results show that the genome of ductal breast cancer patients is characterized by the high density of DNA single strand breaks, high frequency of chromosomal abnormalities and increased levels of chromatin condensation. The usage of Livagen and cobalt in the form of modifying agents has a protective effect by all studied parameters. The obtained results allow us to conclude that research of lymphocytes of ductal breast cancer patients using the analysis conducted by us, can be useful in assessing the therapeutic effect in the treatment of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jokhadze
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - M Gaiozishvili
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Buadze
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Sigua
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - E Namchelvadze
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - T Lezhava
- 1Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Department of Genetics; 2Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Biological Systems, Tbilisi, Georgia
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15
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Dyachenko L, Havrysh K, Lytovchenko A, Dosenko I, Antoniuk S, Filonenko V, Kiyamova R. Autoantibody Response to ZRF1 and KRR1 SEREX Antigens in Patients with Breast Tumors of Different Histological Types and Grades. Dis Markers 2016; 2016:5128720. [PMID: 27847402 PMCID: PMC5099469 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5128720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. To investigate a frequency of antibody response to SEREX-identified medullary breast carcinoma autoantigens ZRF1 and KRR1 in sera of breast cancer patients taking into account clinical and molecular characteristics of tumors for opening of new perspectives in creation of minimally invasive immunological tests for cancer diagnostics. Methods. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and bioinformatics analysis. Results. Increased frequency of antibody response was found in sera of breast cancer patients to ZRF and KRR1 antigens. The antibody response to these antigens was higher in sera of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma than in sera of patients with other histological types of breast tumors. Moreover, more frequent antibody response to ZRF antigen was found in sera of patients with less aggressive tumors. The sequence analysis of ZRF1 antigen SEREX clones obtained from cDNA libraries of different tumors demonstrates that they encode different protein isoforms. Conclusion. Tumor-associated antigens KRR1 and ZRF1 and their cognate autoantibodies could be considered as potential molecular markers of breast cancer which need to be further investigated.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/blood
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Autoantibodies/blood
- Base Sequence
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/blood
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- DNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Library
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Chaperones
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/blood
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/genetics
- Nuclear Pore Complex Proteins/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins/blood
- Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins/immunology
- Prognosis
- RNA-Binding Proteins/blood
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Lada Dyachenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kristina Havrysh
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Anita Lytovchenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Irina Dosenko
- Breast Cancer Department, National Cancer Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stepan Antoniuk
- Department of Oncological Pathology, Dnipropetrovsk Regional Center of Pathology, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ramziya Kiyamova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics NASU, Kyiv, Ukraine
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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16
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Galassi G, Ariatti A, Rovati R, Genovese M, Rivasi F. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with amphiphysin autoimmunity and breast cancer: a paraneoplastic accompaniment. Acta Neurol Belg 2016; 116:395-7. [PMID: 26358952 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-015-0534-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Galassi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Modena, Via P. Giardini, 1350, 41010, Modena, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Ariatti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Modena, Via P. Giardini, 1350, 41010, Modena, Italy
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17
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Haraldsdóttir KH, Ingvar C, Stenram U, Tranberg KG. Long-term Follow-up After Interstitial Laser Thermotherapy of Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:6147-6152. [PMID: 26504041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To review the effect of immunological changes induced by interstitial laser thermotherapy (ILT) on long-term outcome of patients with breast cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with invasive breast cancer were treated with ILT followed by standard surgical excision. Immunohistological reactions on immunocompetent cells were performed on specimens obtained before and after ILT. Follow-up time was 116 (range=91-136) months. RESULTS Significant prognostic factors were histologically-positive axillary lymph nodes and Ki67 positivity. ILT increased cytotoxic T (CD8(+)) lymphocytes within the tumor and mature dendritic cells (CD83(+)) and reduced the number of T-regulatory cells (Treg) CD25(+)/Forkhead box p3(+) (FOXP3(+)) lymphocytes in regional lymph nodes. These changes did not correlate with prognosis. The number of CD8(+) cells within the tumor, both before and after treatment, was significantly higher in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Patients with recurrent disease had a lower number of CD57(+) cells in tumor-free lymph nodes than did patients without recurrence (p<0.05). CONCLUSION ILT did not have any long-term adverse effects. The clinical impact of the supposedly favourable immune changes after ILT should be examined in a larger patient population.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/therapy
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Hyperthermia, Induced/methods
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Laser Therapy/methods
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/immunology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/therapy
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Unne Stenram
- Department of Pathology, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karl-Göran Tranberg
- Department of Surgery, Lund University and Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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18
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Chen Y, Song J, Jiang Y, Yu C, Ma Z. Predictive value of CD44 and CD24 for prognosis and chemotherapy response in invasive breast ductal carcinoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:11287-11295. [PMID: 26617852 PMCID: PMC4637668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cells with unique phenotypes and stem cell-like properties have been found to exist in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to study the relationship of CD24, CD44, CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) and CD44(-)/CD24(+) tumor phenotypes' with clinico-pathological features, chemotherapy response and with prognosis. METHODS The study included paraffin-embedded tissues of 140 primary and secondary invasive ductal carcinoma samples. All the patients received routine chemotherapy. Expression of CD24, CD44, ER, PR, and Her2 were assayed immunohistochemically. We applied double-staining immunohistochemistry for the detection of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low), CD44(+)/CD24 (+), CD44(-)/CD24(-) and CD44(-)/CD24(+) cells. The association between the proportions of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) and CD44(-)/CD24(+) and clinicopathological features, chemotherapy response and with prognosis of these patients was evaluated. RESULTS CD24 expression was not significantly associated with tumor characteristics, but was significantly associated with poor prognostic variables including ER-, PR-, HER2(+) and triple negative (TN) phenotype; There was no association of CD44 with nodal status, age or HER2 expression. In the correlation analysis, CD24 expression was positively associated with chemotherapy response (P = 0.018), however, CD44 expression was not associated with pathological response to chemotherapy When both markers are considered, the CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype had the poor prognosis. The proportion of CD44+/CD24- tumor cells was significantly associated with lymph node involvement, recurrent or metastatic tumors and ER/PR status. High CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype had poor response to chemotherapy. The median disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with and without CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) tumor cells were 19.8 ± 2.6 months and 31.7 ± 4.2 months, and the median overall survival (OS) of patients with and without CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) tumor cells were 33.5 ± 2.8 months and 51.4 ± 3.9 months, respectively, and with both univariate and multivariate analyses showing that the proportion of CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) tumor cells was strongly correlated with DFS and OS. However, the CD44(-)/CD24(+), CD44(+)/CD24(+), CD44(-)/CD24 (-) phenotype had no relation with prognosis. CONCLUSION There was significant correlation between CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) tumor cell prevalence and tumor metastasis, prognosis and chemotherapy response. The CD44(+)/CD24(-) phenotype may be an important factor for malignant relapse following surgical resection and chemotherapy in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- CD24 Antigen/analysis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Child
- Disease Progression
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Humans
- Hyaluronan Receptors/analysis
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Phenotype
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Proportional Hazards Models
- Risk Factors
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Jinlian Song
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Chundong Yu
- Department of Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital of QingdaoQingdao, China
| | - Zhongliang Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao, China
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19
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Romo-González T, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Ostoa-Saloma P, Lara C, Zentella A, León-Díaz R, Lamoyi E, Larralde C. The network of antigen-antibody reactions in adult women with breast cancer or benign breast pathology or without breast pathology. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119014. [PMID: 25781932 PMCID: PMC4363365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to different protein antigens of the mammary ductal carcinoma by adult women affected by Breast Cancer (BC) distinguishes at least 103 proteins that differ in their molecular weights (MW). The IgG producing cell clones (nodes) coexist with each other in each individual organism and share energy resources among themselves, as well as factors that control the level of expression and Specificity of their IgG antibodies. So, it can be proposed that among them there is a Network of interconnections (links) unveiled by the antigens, which specifically react with the IgG antibodies produced by the clones. This Network possibly regulates IgG antibodies' activity and effectiveness. We describe the Network of nodes and links that exists between the different antigens and their respective IgG producing cell clones against the extracted protein antigens from the cells of the T47D Cell-Line, in 50 women with BC, 50 women with Benign Breast Pathology (BBP) and 50 women without breast pathology (H). We have found that women with BBP have the highest number of Links, followed by the H group and, lastly, the women with BC, a finding which suggests that cancer interferes with the Connectivity between the IgG producing cell clones and blocks the expression of 322 links in women with BBP and 32 links in women with H. It is also plausible that the largest number of links in the women with BBP indicates the Network’s state of arousal that provides protection against BC. On the other hand, there were many missing links in the BC group of women; the clone which lost more links in the BC group was the hub 24, which point to some of the antigens of T47D as potentially useful as vaccines, as the immune system of women with BBP is well aware of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Romo-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
- * E-mail: (CL); (TRG)
| | - Marcela Esquivel-Velázquez
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Pedro Ostoa-Saloma
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos Lara
- Hospital General de México, Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Alejandro Zentella
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Rosalba León-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Edmundo Lamoyi
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Carlos Larralde
- Programa de Investigación de Cáncer de Mama, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
- * E-mail: (CL); (TRG)
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20
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Khosravi AR, Shokri H, Darvishi S, Taghavi M. Immunomodulatory efficacy of ethanol extract of propolis on tumor-bearing mice with disseminated candidiasis. J Mycol Med 2014; 24:e143-8. [PMID: 25442915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at investigating the effect of propolis on immunosurveillance by measuring the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10, IL-17, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in tumor-bearing mice with disseminated candidiasis. METHODS The ethanol extract of propolis was selected for this study. Balb/C female mice were infected with Candida albicans (C. albicans) and inoculated with spontaneous mouse mammary tumor (SMMT). The serum levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) were assessed by enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Mice were treated daily with propolis solution (100mg/kg, 0.1 mL, orally) for 3 days before IV challenge with C. albicans and SC challenge with SMMT and continued for 10 days. The rates of survival and tumor growth of understudy mice were investigated as well. The levels of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 cytokines in culture supernatants were determined by ELISA. RESULTS The mean tumor size was significantly increased in tumor-bearing mice infected with C. albicans (16.98 ± 0.49 mm(2)) as compared to other mice groups (P<0.05). The results showed a significant decline of IL-4 and IL-10 levels after propolis administration to tumor-bearing mice infected with C. albicans (53.41 pg/mL, 156.81 pg/mL and 63.45 pg/mL) (P < 0.05). The increment of TNF-α (433.85 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (120.43 pg/mL) levels were also observed. CONCLUSION Data revealed that propolis has remarkable immunomodulatory effect, which provides a scientific validation for the popular use of this natural substance, and further investigation will help to understand propolis usefulness during immunosuppressive conditions.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Infective Agents/chemistry
- Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology
- Candida albicans
- Candidiasis/complications
- Candidiasis/immunology
- Candidiasis/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/complications
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Ethanol
- Female
- Immunomodulation/drug effects
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/complications
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Propolis/chemistry
- Propolis/pharmacology
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Khosravi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6453, Azadi street, Tehran, Iran.
| | - H Shokri
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Amol University of Special Modern Technologies, Amol, Iran
| | - S Darvishi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6453, Azadi street, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Taghavi
- Mycology Research Center, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, PO Box 14155-6453, Azadi street, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Lv ZD, Kong B, Liu XP, Dong Q, Niu HT, Wang YH, Li FN, Wang HB. CXCL12 chemokine expression suppresses human breast cancer growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:6671-6678. [PMID: 25400746 PMCID: PMC4230065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors are now known to play an important role in cancer growth and metastasis. However, there is little information regarding chemokine expression in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate CXCL12 expression in breast cancer and to investigate the question of whether reduced expression of CXCL12 may have any pathological significance in breast cancer development or progression. In this study, we performed western blotting and immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of CXCL12 and relevance with clinicopathological factors in the invasive ductal carcinoma. Reduction of CXCL12 was significantly correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, TNM stage and Her-2 expression in breast cancer. Patients with negative CXCL12 expression had significantly lower cumulative postoperative 5 year survival rate than those with positive CXCL12 expression. In addition, we demonstrated that upregulation of CXCL12 expression by infection with an adenovirus containing a CXCL12 vector significantly inhibited cell growth and reduced the migration of breast cancer cells. Furthermore, animal studies revealed that nude mice injected with the Ad-CXCL12 cell lines featured a lighter weight than the control cell lines. These data suggest that CXCL12 plays an important role in cell growth and invasion in human breast cancer and it appears to be a potential prognostic marker for patients with breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- MCF-7 Cells
- Mice, Nude
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Dong Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Ping Liu
- Central Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Qian Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Tao Niu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Wang
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Fu-Nian Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Bo Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266003, P. R. China
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22
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Tokunaga E, Okano S, Nakashima Y, Yamashita N, Tanaka K, Akiyoshi S, Taketani K, Shirouzu M, Yamamoto H, Morita M, Maehara Y. Spontaneous regression of breast cancer with axillary lymph node metastasis: a case report and review of literature. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2014; 7:4371-4380. [PMID: 25120822 PMCID: PMC4129057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous regression (SR) of cancer is a rare but well-documented biological phenomenon. However, the mechanism remains to be elucidated. We herein report a case of the SR of breast cancer at both the primary site and metastatic axillary lymph node with spontaneously-induced T cell-mediated immunological responses. A 52-year-old female with a lump in the left axilla was diagnosed to have a small breast carcinoma with a distinct axillary lymph node metastasis. During the preoperative systemic examination, she was diagnosed to have severe type 2 diabetes mellitus, was treated with insulin, and the hyperglycemia was normalized after one month. Surgery for left breast cancer was then performed. The postoperative histopathological examination revealed the SR of breast cancer at both the primary site and metastatic axillary lymph node. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that estrogen receptor positive, AE1/AE3-positive ductal carcinoma completely underwent necrosis associated with extensive infiltration of CD3-positive T cells in the tumor nodule in the lymph node. In addition, primary ductal carcinoma cells also underwent single cell necrosis with infiltration of T cells with lymph follicle-like organization of B cells in the mammary gland. The features were suggestive that the tumor eradication in the metastatic lymph node and regression of the primary ductal carcinoma could be due to host T cell response to the ductal carcinoma. As far as we know it is the first report that shows the spontaneous regression of breast cancer, probably due to the spontaneously-induced T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eriko Tokunaga
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shinji Okano
- Department of Innovative Applied Oncology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Nakashima
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Tanaka
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sauri Akiyoshi
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kenji Taketani
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | | | - Hidetaka Yamamoto
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Masaru Morita
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Maehara
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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23
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Sun S, Fei X, Mao Y, Wang X, Garfield DH, Huang O, Wang J, Yuan F, Sun L, Yu Q, Jin X, Wang J, Shen K. PD-1(+) immune cell infiltration inversely correlates with survival of operable breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2014; 63:395-406. [PMID: 24514954 PMCID: PMC11029035 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1519-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The programmed death-1 (PD-1) molecule is mainly expressed on functionally "exhausted" CD8(+) T cells, dampening the host antitumor immune response. We evaluated the ratio between effective and regulatory T cells (Tregs) and PD-1 expression as a prognostic factor for operable breast cancer patients. A series of 218 newly diagnosed invasive breast cancer patients who had undergone primary surgery at Ruijin Hospital were identified. The influence of CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes, FOXP3(+) (Treg cell marker), and PD-1(+) immune cell counts on prognosis was analyzed utilizing immunohistochemistry. Both PD-1(+) immune cells and FOXP3(+) Tregs counts were significantly associated with unfavorable prognostic factors. In bivariate, but not multivariate analysis, high tumor infiltrating PD-1(+) cell counts correlated with significantly shorter patient survival. Our results suggest a prognostic value of the PD-1(+) immune cell population in such breast cancer patients. Targeting the PD-1 pathway may be a feasible approach to treating patients with breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/analysis
- Humans
- Kaplan-Meier Estimate
- Lymphocyte Count
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/chemistry
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Mastectomy
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/analysis
- Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
- Survival Analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/chemistry
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/pathology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenyou Sun
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Linyi People’s Hospital, General Surgery Ward 3, Linyi, 276003 Shandong China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Yan Mao
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiumin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - David H. Garfield
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Promed Cancer Centers-Shanghai, Shanghai, 200020 China
| | - Ou Huang
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jinglong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Fei Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Long Sun
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Qixiang Yu
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Xiaolong Jin
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Kunwei Shen
- Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Comprehensive Breast Health Center, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2 Road, Shanghai, China
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24
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Demir L, Yigit S, Ellidokuz H, Erten C, Somali I, Kucukzeybek Y, Alacacioglu A, Cokmert S, Can A, Akyol M, Dirican A, Bayoglu V, Sari AA, Tarhan MO. Predictive and prognostic factors in locally advanced breast cancer: effect of intratumoral FOXP3+ Tregs. Clin Exp Metastasis 2013; 30:1047-62. [PMID: 23836289 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-013-9602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive effect of FOXP3+ Tregs together with clinicopathologic factors in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. The medical records of 101 LABC patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) between 2005 and 2012 were evaluated retrospectively. The density of intratumoral FOXP3+ lymphocytes in paraffin-embedded tissues was assessed by immunohistochemical analyses in appropriate cases. The relationship with clinicopathologic features, prognosis and chemotherapy response was investigated. HR(-) and HER2(+) tumors tended to have higher pre-chemotherapy Tregs than HR(+) tumors, and significantly higher pathologic complete response (PCR) rates were observed in these patients. Treg decline after NAC was associated with better pathological response rates. Lower intratumoral infiltration of FOXP3+ Tregs after NAC (<3.4/HPF) was significantly associated with higher PCR rates for breast, and close to the significance limit for total (or both for breast and axillary) PCR rates (PCR for breast: 25 vs. 2.9 % for low vs. high Treg, p = 0.001; PCR for breast + axillary tissue: 13.9 vs. 0 %, p = 0.05). Despite better PCR rates, patients with high intratumoral Treg infiltrates (≥11.5/HPF) before chemotherapy had significantly shorter overall survival than patients with low Treg infiltrates (<11.5/HPF). Cox multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that the density of Treg infiltration before chemotherapy was the strongest predictor for survival. This study established the predictive and prognostic effect of intratumoral FOXP3+ Tregs in LABC patients. To predict clinical outcome, evaluation of FOXP3+ Tregs in tumoral tissues before and after NAC should be considered for these high-risk patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/mortality
- Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous/secondary
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Axilla
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Lobular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/mortality
- Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary
- Carcinoma, Papillary/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/mortality
- Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Risk Factors
- Survival Rate
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfiye Demir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Basin Sitesi, Karabaglar, Izmir, Turkey, 35360,
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25
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Gruber I, Landenberger N, Staebler A, Hahn M, Wallwiener D, Fehm T. Relationship between circulating tumor cells and peripheral T-cells in patients with primary breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2013; 33:2233-2238. [PMID: 23645781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of patients with primary breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome. Recent studies have found evidence for immunological influence on tumor cell dormancy. We therefore investigated the relationship between peripheral T-cells and CTCs, as immunological factors may contribute to the fate of CTCs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The peripheral blood immune status of 116 patients with primary breast cancer was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results were correlated with the presence of CTCs and clinicopathological parameters of these patients. RESULTS Appearance of CTCs was significantly associated with grade III tumors (p<0.05). Interestingly, CTC-positive patients presented with a significant increase of peripheral CD95(FAS)-positive T-helper cells. As immune response is regulated by CD95(APO-1/FAS)-CD95ligand interaction and tumor cells induce apoptosis via the CD95/CD95L (ligand) pathway, this might lead to tumor cell escape by apoptotic T-helper cells. CONCLUSION Absence of T-cell help at the time of priming may result in a loss of long-term antigen-activation of CD8 lymphocytes and could lead to an ineffective anti-tumor cell response. This might contribute to systemic immunosuppression and open the door for tumor cell dormancy.
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MESH Headings
- Apoptosis
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/blood
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/immunology
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Prognosis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Tumor Escape
- fas Receptor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Gruber
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,University of Tuebingen, Calwer Straße. 7, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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26
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Younger DS, Graber J, Hayakawa-Yano Y, Parveen S, Frank M, Darnell RB. Ri/Nova gene-associated paraneoplastic subacute motor neuronopathy. Muscle Nerve 2013; 47:617-8. [PMID: 23463350 DOI: 10.1002/mus.23783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 01/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Kabbage M, Trimeche M, Bergaoui S, Hammann P, Kuhn L, Hamrita B, ben Nasr H, Chaieb A, Chouchane L, Chahed K. Calreticulin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas: relationships with disease progression and humoral immune responses. Tumour Biol 2013; 34:1177-88. [PMID: 23334957 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-0661-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate calreticulin expression in infiltrating ductal breast carcinomas (IDCAs), as well as its relationships with clinicopathological parameters of the disease. Using a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry investigation coupled to an immunohistochemical approach, we have assessed the expression of calreticulin in IDCAs, as well as in other types of breast tumors. The humoral immune response against calreticulin was estimated using a serological proteomics-based strategy. Proteomic analyses revealed an increased expression of calreticulin in IDCA tumors. Using immunohistochemistry, overexpression of calreticulin was confirmed in 51 additional tumor specimens. Statistical analyses revealed, however, no significant correlations between calreticulin expression and clinicopathological parameters of the disease including tumor stage, patient age, SBR grade, and lymph node metastasis occurrence. A significant association was found, however, with estrogen receptor status. This study demonstrates the upregulation of calreticulin in IDCA tissues which may highlight its involvement in breast cancer development. Our findings also support a link between calreticulin expression and estrogen transduction pathways. Our results do not, however, support the involvement of calreticulin in the development of a humoral immune response in IDCAs.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Calreticulin/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Humoral/immunology
- Immunoenzyme Techniques
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Grading
- Neoplasm Staging
- Prognosis
- Proteomics
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kabbage
- Laboratoire d'Immuno-Oncologie Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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28
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Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinomas (ILC) represent the most common subtype of invasive breast cancer and account for about 5-15% of all breast cancer cases. Invasive lobular carcinoma is often accompanied by in situ lesions, by lobular neoplasia (LN). Invasive lobular carcinomas display diverse histologic patterns varying from classical through solid to pleomorphic subtypes. When analyzing histological subtypes, the classical variant is reported to have a more favorable outcome. The majority of invasive lobular carcinomas are hormone receptor positive, overexpression and/or amplification of the Her2 gene is lower than in carcinomas of invasive ductal type. Loss of heterozygosity of the 16q chromosomal regions and the consequent lack of E-Cadherin expression are common findings in invasive lobular carcinomas. Intra-operative evaluation of resection margins in ILC is often unsatisfactory due to the diffuse nature of the tumor. Size estimation of the invasive component poses a similar challenge in daily practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Varga
- Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Kostianets O, Antoniuk S, Filonenko V, Kiyamova R. Immunohistochemical analysis of medullary breast carcinoma autoantigens in different histological types of breast carcinomas. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:161. [PMID: 23181716 PMCID: PMC3533517 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the past decade a plethora of investigations were directed on identification of molecules involved in breast tumorogenesis, which could represent a powerful tool for monitoring, diagnostics and treatment of this disease. In current study we analyzed six previously identified medullary breast carcinoma autoantigens including LGALS3BP, RAD50, FAM50A, RBPJ, PABPC4, LRRFIP1 with cancer restricted serological profile in different histological types of breast cancer. METHODS Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 20 tissue samples including medullary breast carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma and non-cancerous tissues obtained from patients with fibrocystic disease (each of five) was performed using specifically generated polyclonal antibodies. Differences in expression patterns were evaluated considering percent of positively stained cells, insensitivity of staining and subcellular localization in cells of all tissue samples. RESULTS All 6 antigens predominantly expressed in the most cells of all histological types of breast tumors and non-cancerous tissues with slight differences in intensity of staining and subcellular localization. The most significant differences in expression pattern were revealed for RAD50 and LGALS3BP in different histological types of breast cancer and for PABPC4 and FAM50A antigens in immune cells infiltrating breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study made possible to select 4 antigens LGALS3BP, RAD50, PABPC4, and FAM50A as promising candidates for more comprehensive research as potential molecular markers for breast cancer diagnostics and therapy. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides' for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1860649350796892.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Autoantigens/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/classification
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/classification
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- DNA Repair Enzymes/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Female
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/immunology
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/pathology
- Glycoproteins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Pilot Projects
- Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/analysis
- RNA-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kostianets
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64, Volodymyrs’ka Str., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stepan Antoniuk
- Dnipropetrovsk Clinical Oncological Center, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ramziya Kiyamova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
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30
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Herrera ACSA, Panis C, Victorino VJ, Campos FC, Colado-Simão AN, Cecchini AL, Cecchini R. Molecular subtype is determinant on inflammatory status and immunological profile from invasive breast cancer patients. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:2193-201. [PMID: 22618884 PMCID: PMC11028631 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer consists in a chronic inflammatory disease with multiple biological and clinical behaviors. Based on high throughput technologies data, this disease is currently classified according to the molecular expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and human epidermal growth factor (HER-2) receptors. In this study, we defined the inflammatory profile of the main molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients: luminal (ER and PR positive, HER-2 negative), HER-2 enriched (HER-2 positive) and triple negative (ER, PR and HER-2 negative). Cytokines panel was assessed by measurement of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-1, IL-10 and IL-12 plasmatic levels. Oxidative profile was assessed by determination of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity of plasma, malondialdehyde levels, carbonyl content and nitric oxide (NO). Clinical data were correlated with inflammatory findings. Our findings demonstrated that patients bearing the luminal subtype displayed high TNF-α, TGF-β and enhanced oxidative stress levels associated with reduced IL-12. HER-2-enriched group exhibited higher levels of TNF-α, IL-12 and TGF-β associated with enhanced oxidative stress. Triple-negative subtype exhibited the most aggressive profile of disease behavior, with reduction in both TNF-α and TGF-β, with high levels of lipid peroxidation and NO. The clinical importance of our findings lies in the fact that the inflammatory status varies in distinct ways due to molecular subtype of breast cancer, opening potential therapeutic targets to future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. C. S. A. Herrera
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - C. Panis
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - V. J. Victorino
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - F. C. Campos
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - A. N. Colado-Simão
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - A. L. Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
| | - R. Cecchini
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Free Radicals, Department of General Pathology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, 86051-990 Brazil
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31
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To study the impact of inflammatory cells in a clinically well-defined cohort of women with node-negative breast cancer in a nested case-control study design. MATERIAL AND METHODS The cohort was comprised of 190 women who died from breast cancer and 190 women still alive at the date of death for the corresponding breast cancer patients were used as controls. The inclusion criteria included; a tumour size ≤ 50 mm, no lymph node metastases and no initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy. Immunohistochemical stainings for CD3, CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD20, tryptase and CD68 were performed on TMA blocks, evaluated and correlated to each other and to age, tumour size, histological grade, ER, PgR, Ki67 and cyclin A. RESULTS There was no difference regarding the amount or content of inflammatory cells in the cases compared to controls. T- and B-cells were highly correlated to each other but these cell types correlated to a lesser extent to macrophages and not at all to mast cells. A weak tendency of correlations between all the subsets of inflammatory cells and histological grade, Ki67 and cyclin A was observed, although a negative correlation was seen for mast cells. CONCLUSION The amount or content of inflammatory cells in invasive breast cancer did not appear to influence death in node-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Löfdahl
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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33
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Provatopoulou X, Kalogera E, Sagkriotis A, Zagouri F, Nonni A, Zografos GC, Gounaris A. Soluble human leukocyte antigen-G expression in patients with ductal and lobular breast malignancy. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:1021-1026. [PMID: 22399626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human leukocyte antigen-G (HLA-G) has been closely associated with diagnosis and prognosis in many types of human cancer. The current study aims to investigate soluble (s) HLA-G expression in patients with breast malignancy. PATIENTS AND METHODS sHLA-G plasma expression was determined in 120 patients with breast cancer and 40 healthy controls using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Plasma sHLA-G levels were significantly higher in breast cancer patients compared to healthy controls (p<0.001), with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.735 (95% Confidence interval=0.630-0.841, p<0.001). Significantly increased sHLA-G expression was detected in patients with mixed type of coexisting ductal and lobular breast lesions, compared to patients with pure ductal carcinoma or pure lobular neoplasia (p<0.05). CONCLUSION sHLA-G expression is closely associated with the histological type of breast cancer. Our findings support the application of sHLA-G as a potential biomarker in body fluids for preoperative breast cancer detection and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xeni Provatopoulou
- Research Center, Hellenic Anticancer Institute, 11 Valtetsiou St., Athens 10680, Greece
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34
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Vong JS, Yu AMC, Ng DCH, Lui PCW, Law BKB, Chau HHL, Tan PH, Tse GM. Reduced numbers of regulatory T cells in breast carcinoma with medullary features. Histopathology 2012; 59:345-9. [PMID: 21884217 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2011.03903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Medullary/secondary
- Cell Count
- Female
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
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35
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Mamessier E, Sylvain A, Bertucci F, Castellano R, Finetti P, Houvenaeghel G, Charaffe-Jaufret E, Birnbaum D, Moretta A, Olive D. Human breast tumor cells induce self-tolerance mechanisms to avoid NKG2D-mediated and DNAM-mediated NK cell recognition. Cancer Res 2011; 71:6621-32. [PMID: 21937679 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death for women between the ages of 35 to 65. This is mostly due to intertumor heterogeneity and the lack of specific therapies for all subtypes. However, some breast cancers with an unexpected good prognosis are associated with enhanced antitumor immunity in situ. We studied whether breast cancer subtypes might have different susceptibilities to natural killer (NK) cells' antitumor immunity. We collected a large public set of microarray data for primary breast tumors and determined NK cell ligand expression. We found that despite heterogeneous levels of inhibitory HLA members, NKG2D ligands and DNAM ligands are expressed in virtually all breast tumor subtypes. Functional experiments in breast cancer subtypes expressing various levels of NK cell ligands showed that NK-mediated cytotoxicity is mainly HLA, NKG2D, and DNAM dependent. In parallel, we showed that cell lines and primary breast tumor cells secrete soluble inhibitory factors that alter NK cell functions. Finally, we showed that these mechanisms of escape occur in vivo in the MMTV-Neu model of spontaneous murine breast cancer. Our study shows that breast cancer cells, independent of the subtype, have developed different mechanisms to escape from NK cells' antitumor immunity. These results emphasize the role of NK cells in breast tumor clearance and underlie the importance of devising future therapy aiming at enhancing NK cell-mediated recognition in parallel with the prevention of the tumor-editing process.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Estrogens
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/classification
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Ligands
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mice
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily K/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/genetics
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/immunology
- Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent/pathology
- Progesterone
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/immunology
- Self Tolerance
- Tumor Escape
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mamessier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Genova, Italy.
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36
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Liu JT, Wei LJ, Yu JP, Li H, Li RM, Zang FL, Sun JY, Ren XB. [Expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and its correlation with prognosis in breast cancer patients]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2011; 33:513-516. [PMID: 22093628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) in breast cancer and its correlation with clinicopathologic factors and prognosis. METHODS The expression of IDO, CD31, CD105 proteins in 40 specimens of breast cancer were assessed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The overexpression rate of IDO in breast cancer was 67.5% (27/40), and expression of IDO was closely associated with clinical stage and lymph nodes metastasis. The disease-free survival rate in patients with IDO overexpression was not significantly lower than that in patients with negative or low expression of IDO (P > 0.05). Moreover, the expression of IDO was positively correlated with CD105-labeled microvessel density (r = 0.659, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Expression of IDO is associated with clinical stage and lymph nodes metastasis, and microvessel densitty. IDO expression may promote the growth and metastasis of breast cancer, probably via the increased agiogenesis. A larger sample study is needed to verify whether the prognosis of beast cancer is significantly correlated with IDO expression.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/enzymology
- Adenocarcinoma/immunology
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/enzymology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Disease-Free Survival
- Endoglin
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Microvessels/enzymology
- Microvessels/immunology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-tian Liu
- Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Hawkins O, Verma B, Lightfoot S, Jain R, Rawat A, McNair S, Caseltine S, Mojsilovic A, Gupta P, Neethling F, Almanza O, Dooley W, Hildebrand W, Weidanz J. An HLA-presented fragment of macrophage migration inhibitory factor is a therapeutic target for invasive breast cancer. J Immunol 2011; 186:6607-16. [PMID: 21515791 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This report describes a novel HLA/peptide complex with potential prognostic and therapeutic roles for invasive breast cancer. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) mediates inflammation and immunity, and MIF overexpression is observed in breast cancer. We hypothesized that the HLA class I of cancerous breast epithelial cells would present MIF-derived peptides. Consistent with this hypothesis, the peptide FLSELTQQL (MIF(19-27)) was eluted from the HLA-A*0201 (HLA-A2) of breast cancer cell lines. We posited that if this MIF(19-27)/HLA-A2 complex was exclusively found in invasive breast cancer, it could be a useful prognostic indicator. To assess the presentation of MIF peptides by the HLA of various cells and tissues, mice were immunized with the MIF(19-27)/HLA-A2 complex. The resulting mAb (RL21A) stained invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) but not ductal carcinoma in situ, fibroadenoma, or normal breast tissues. RL21A did not stain WBCs (total WBCs) or normal tissues from deceased HLA-A2 donors, substantiating the tumor-specific nature of this MIF/HLA complex. As this MIF/HLA complex appeared specific to the surface of IDC, RL21A was tested as an immunotherapeutic for breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, RL21A killed the MDA-MB-231 cell line via complement and induction of apoptosis. In an in vivo orthotopic mouse model, administration of RL21A reduced MDA-MB-231 and BT-20 tumor burden by 5-fold and by >2-fold, respectively. In summary, HLA-presented MIF peptides show promise as prognostic cell surface indicators for IDC and as targets for immunotherapeutic intervention.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibody Affinity/immunology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/immunology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- HLA-A Antigens/immunology
- HLA-A Antigens/metabolism
- HLA-A2 Antigen
- Humans
- Kinetics
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/chemistry
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/immunology
- Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Oriana Hawkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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38
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Konjevic G, Radenkovic S, Srdic T, Jurisic V, Stamatovic L, Milovic M. Association of decreased NK cell activity and IFNγ expression with pSTAT dysregulation in breast cancer patients. J BUON 2011; 16:219-226. [PMID: 21766489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Impaired IFNγ production in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and their subsets reflects immunosuppression and inadequate antitumor immune response in cancer patients. Decreased function of natural killer (NK) cells has not been investigated in breast cancer with respect to altered pSTAT signaling pathways. METHODS PBL of breast cancer patients and healthy controls were analyzed for IFNγ and pSTAT1 expression and NK cell activity using flow cytometry and (51)Cr-release assay, respectively. The level of pSTAT1, 3 and 5 was investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS Our results indicated that PBL and CD3(-) CD16(+) NK cells of patients had significantly lower level of IFNγ. The patients had a significantly decreased NK cell cytotoxicity compared to controls, with the decrease being dependent on the stage of disease. Positive correlation between IFNγ level in PBL and NK cytotoxicity in controls and patients was also shown. The PBL of patients, compared to controls, expressed lower level of pSTAT1, 3 and 5. The patients' T and NK cell subsets had lower pSTAT1 level. CONCLUSION This study indicates that pSTAT1 in PBL of breast cancer patients could be a biomarker of decreased NK cell cytotoxicity and IFNγlevel that are associated with progression of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Blotting, Western
- Bone Neoplasms/blood
- Bone Neoplasms/immunology
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary
- Case-Control Studies
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Follow-Up Studies
- Humans
- Interferon-gamma/blood
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/immunology
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/blood
- Lung Neoplasms/immunology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Lymphocytes
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Staging
- Phosphorylation
- STAT Transcription Factors/blood
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- G Konjevic
- Institute of Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Department of Experimental Oncology, Belgrade, Serbia.
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39
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Anoop P, Saso R, Atra A. Carcinomatous infiltration of cerebrospinal fluid with reactive lymphocytosis and granulocytosis. Am J Hematol 2010; 85:791. [PMID: 20196167 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.21652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parameswaran Anoop
- Department of Hematology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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40
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Abstract
Motor neuron disease has been reported as a rare result of systemic cancers, likely related to an autoimmune effecter mechanism. These patients have been described as having a more rapid onset of symptoms than typical motor neuron disease. Few of these reports demonstrate an association of a cancer-related autoantibody and with motor neuron disease. We present a 54-year-old woman with infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast who later developed lower motor neuron disease and was found to have Purkinje cell autoantibodies type 1. The association of lower motor neuron disease as a consequence of breast cancer with this autoantibody profile has not been described previously. This report emphasizes the importance of considering a paraneoplastic syndrome in a patient with an uncommon presentation of motor neuron disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jane Distad
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School Of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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41
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Xu L, Zhou Y, Xiao DM, Qin M, Luo JM, Tang XY. [The change of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells in breast cancer patients]. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2010; 41:415-419. [PMID: 20629311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect the proportion of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and tumor infiltration lymphocytes from breast cancer patients and explore its significance. METHODS Lymphocytes isolated from blood and tumor mass of breast cancer patients were analyzed for the proportion of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells by flow cytometry. The expression of Foxp3 on CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells, as well as CD45RO, CD44 and CD62L, were also analyzed. The effects of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells on the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells also were detected by 3H-incorporation assay. RESULTS Compared to the control, increased proportion of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells was observed in PBMCs and TILs from breast cancer patients. Moreover, CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells, expressing high level of Foxp3, displayed effector memory phenotype determined by high level expression of CD45RO, CD44 and low level of CD62L. In addition, CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells could inhibit the proliferation of CD4+ CD25- T cells in vitro. CONCLUSION The enrichment of CD4+ CD25high CCR6+ regulatory T cells in tumor mass in breast cancer patients, which might be close related to long term immunoescape of tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xu
- Department of Immunology, Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563003, China
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42
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Recchia F, Candeloro G, Necozione S, Accorsi P, Recchia COC, Tombolini V, Rea S. Prolonged disease control after myeloablative chemotherapy, autologous transplantation and immunotherapy in high-risk early breast cancer. Anticancer Res 2010; 30:209-215. [PMID: 20150637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failure to eradicate all cancer stem cells, lymphocytopenia, and high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may explain the limited efficacy of high dose-chemotherapy (HDCT) with peripheral progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) in high-risk early breast cancer with more than 10 axillary nodes (HRBC). PATIENTS AND METHODS With the aim of increasing patient's lymphocyte count and reducing VEGF, wich could translate into an improved immune function and a better clinical outcome, patients with HRBC, received HDCT, PBPCT and immunotherapy with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and 13-cis retinoic acid (RA). RESULTS A total of 30 HRBC patients were entered into the study. Grade 4 hematological toxicity was universal, while major adverse effects of IL-2 were fever, rash and autoimmune reactions. After a median follow-up of 61 months, immune function improved with a statistically significant increase of lymphocyte count and a decrease in VEGF levels. This translated into an unexpected 5-year relapse-free and overall survival rates of 76% and 85%, respectively. CONCLUSION These data show that IL-2 and RA administration after HDCT and PBPCT is feasible and, as well as giving a statistically significant improvement in lymphocyte count and a decrease of VEGF, also seems to improve the expected clinical outcome.
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43
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Calogero RA, Quaglino E, Saviozzi S, Forni G, Cavallo F. Oncoantigens as anti-tumor vaccination targets: the chance of a lucky strike? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2008; 57:1685-94. [PMID: 18286283 PMCID: PMC11030840 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neoplastic transformation is a multistage process and distinct gene products of specific cell regulatory pathways are involved at each stage. Identification of genes overexpressed at a specific stage provides an unprecedented opportunity to address the immune system against antigens with a driving role in tumor progression (oncoantigens). The ERBB2 oncogene is a prototype of deregulated oncogenic protein kinase membrane receptors. Mice transgenic for rat ERBB2 (BALB-neuT mice) were used in this study to identify an additional set of oncoantigens expressed at defined stages by most breast carcinomas to be used as alternatives to ERBB2-driven vaccination. To address this question, we integrated the transcription data generated by comparing preneoplastic lesions and neoplasia in BALB-neuT mice with a meta-analysis on transcription profiles generated from normal and breast tumor human specimens. Forty-six putative oncoantigens identified and prioritized according to their expression on the cell membrane or in the extra cellular space, cytoplasm and nucleus were chosen for preclinical investigation as vaccination targets.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Cancer Vaccines/genetics
- Cancer Vaccines/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
- Precancerous Conditions/genetics
- Precancerous Conditions/immunology
- Precancerous Conditions/pathology
- Rats
- Receptor, ErbB-2/physiology
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Adolfo Calogero
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Quaglino
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvia Saviozzi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Guido Forni
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
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Bachmeier BE, Nerlich AG, Mirisola V, Jochum M, Pfeffer U. Lineage infidelity and expression of melanocytic markers in human breast cancer. Int J Oncol 2008; 33:1011-1015. [PMID: 18949364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous analyses, dual expression of melanocytic and epithelial molecular markers have been described as indicators of lineage infidelity for breast cancer cells that lose their epithelial identity. Here we demonstrated that this is a much more frequent phenomenon in human breast carcinomas, usually affecting only a part of the tumor. Accordingly we detected, in 18 out of 100 breast carcinomas, immunohistochemically focally positive cells for the melanocytic marker Melan A. The presence and extent of Melan A expression was statistically significantly associated with a reduction in tumor cell differentiation, but not tumor type, size, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptor status or Her-2-neu expression. Microarrays of a further 159 breast cancers showed, in several samples, variably low expression levels of Melan A (and other melanocytic markers) that are consistent with focal expression in many tumors. One case strongly overexpressed Melan A. The transition from an epithelial to a melanocytic phenotype (lineage infidelity) appears to occur much more frequently than previously assumed and occurs in restricted areas of breast cancer during tumor progression, a possible association with a reduction in tumor cell differentiation.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/genetics
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- MART-1 Antigen
- Melanocytes/immunology
- Melanocytes/pathology
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice E Bachmeier
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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45
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Huang ZF, Wei JS, Li HZ. [Effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection combined with chemotherapy on thirty patients with advanced breast cancer]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2008; 28:152-154. [PMID: 18386580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the clinical efficacy of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) combined with chemotherapy in treating patients with advanced breast cancer. METHODS Sixty patients were randomly assigned to two groups by digital table, the control group and the treatment group, 30 in each group. All patients were treated with the same CTF regimen of chemotherapy for 21 days as one therapeutic cycle, while those in the treatment group were given SFI additionally in the meanwhite. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 2 cycles of treatment by observing the changes of short-term efficacy, TCM syndrome, quality of life and immune function, as well as the adverse reaction. RESULTS The total short-term remission rate, the improvement rate of clinical syndrome and quality of life was 50.0%, 70.0% and 76.7% in the treatment group, and 43.3%, 46.7% and 50.0% in the control group, respectively, showing significant difference between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The occurrence of adverse reaction in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The level of CD3+ CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratio increased (P < 0.05) and CD8+ decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.01), while they showed insignificant change in the control group. CONCLUSION For treatment of advanced breast cancer, SFI can alleviate the bone marrow inhibition caused by chemotherapy, improve clinical symptoms and quality of life and prolong the survival period by regulating cellular immune function of patients, so as to enhance the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4-CD8 Ratio
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Drug Therapy, Combination
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional
- Middle Aged
- Phytotherapy
- Quality of Life
- Syndrome
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-fen Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning.
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46
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI) on cellular immune in patients with mammary cancer (MC) after chemotherapy. METHODS One hundred and ten patients with MC were randomly assigned to two groups. The 58 patients in the tested group were treated with SFI in cooperation with chemotherapy of CAF protocol (Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin and Fluorouracil), while the 52 patients in the control group were treated with chemotherapy of the same protocol alone. Changes of the patients' quality of life (QOF), adverse reaction that occurred, peripheral lymphocyte count and killing activity of single karyocyte before and after treatment between the two groups were compared. RESULTS Patients' QOF elevating rate after treatment in the tested group and the control group was 34.5% and 13.5% respectively; The lowering of peripheral blood cell count of WBC, platelet and lymphocyte as well as that of the killing activity of single peripheral karyocyte on various kinds of MC cells were all milder and recovery sooner than those in the control group. CONCLUSION SFI in combination with chemotherapy in treating MC could reduce the occurrence of adverse reaction to chemotherapy, improve clinical symptoms, elevate QOF and enhance immunity in patients with MC.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Blood Cell Count
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/physiopathology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/physiopathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/therapy
- Cell Death
- Complementary Therapies
- Cyclophosphamide/therapeutic use
- Doxorubicin/therapeutic use
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Female
- Fluorouracil/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunity, Cellular/drug effects
- Injections
- Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Monocytes/immunology
- Quality of Life
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College, Guangzhou 510095.
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48
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Loughlin PM, Cooke TG, George WD, Gray AJ, Stott DI, Going JJ. Quantifying tumour-infiltrating lymphocyte subsets: A practical immuno-histochemical method. J Immunol Methods 2007; 321:32-40. [PMID: 17324439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2007.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2006] [Revised: 11/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient histological quantification of tumour-infiltrating T and B lymphocyte (TIL) subsets in archival tissues would greatly facilitate investigations of the role of TIL in human cancer biology. We sought to develop such a method. METHODS Ten x40 digital images of 4 micro sections of 16 ductal invasive breast carcinomas immunostained for CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD20 were acquired (a total of 640 images). The number of pixels in each image matching a partition of Lab colour space corresponding to immunostained cells were counted using the 'Color range' and 'Histogram' tools in Adobe Photoshop 7. These pixel counts were converted to cell counts per mm(2) using a calibration factor derived from one, two, three or all 10 images of each case/antibody combination. RESULTS Variations in the number of labelled pixels per immunostained cell made individual calibration for each case/antibody combination necessary. Calibration based on two fields containing the most labelled pixels gave a cell count minimally higher (+5.3%) than the count based on 10-field calibration, with 95% confidence limits -14.7 to +25.3%. As TIL density could vary up to 100-fold between cases, this accuracy and precision are acceptable. CONCLUSION The methodology described offers sufficient accuracy, precision and efficiency to quantify the density of TIL sub-populations in breast cancer using commonly available software, and could be adapted to batch processing of image files.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula M Loughlin
- Section of Surgical Sciences and Translational Research, University of Glasgow, UK
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49
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Yamatoya Y, Wada Y, Sato S, Morikawa T, Sakata N, Nakata J, Seki K, Wada N, Kamiyama K, Tominaga T. [A case successfully treated by desensitization for paclitaxel-associated hypersensitivity reactions]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2007; 34:271-4. [PMID: 17301542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of a 56-year-old woman with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) symptoms against paclitaxel (PTX) which were suppressed by pre-injection of a low-dose of PTX before the full-dose injection. She received PTX chemotherapy (120 mg/body/week for three weeks on the 1st, 8th, and 15th day, followed by no drug for one week) in October 2004 for right breast cancer. However, continuation of the therapy was in jeopardy due to respiratory difficulties and facial flushing, considered to be HSRs symptoms, on day 15. However,we were able to continue the PTX chemotherapy by administering a low-dose pre-injection (2 mg/100 mL/30 min) before the full-dose injection. After that, HSRs symptoms were observed, but we were able to administer another low-dose pre-injection (1 mg/100 mL/30 min). Three courses of chemotherapy were successfully performed, followed by radical surgery in February 2005. A pathological complete response (pCR) of the maintumor was achieved. We suggest that pre-injection of a low-dose of PTX before the full-dose injection may be effective for prevention of the onset of HSRs symptoms.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/adverse effects
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Drug Hypersensitivity/etiology
- Drug Hypersensitivity/prevention & control
- Drug Hypersensitivity/therapy
- Female
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Middle Aged
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/adverse effects
- Remission Induction
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50
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Bao DM, Shen DH. [Glandular neoplasia of cervix]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2006; 35:744-6. [PMID: 17374260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
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