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Nan D, Rao C, Tang Z, Yang W, Wu P, Chen J, Xia Y, Yan J, Liu W, Zhang Z, Hu Z, Chen H, Liao Y, Mao X, Liu X, Zou Q, Li Q. Burkholderia pseudomallei BipD modulates host mitophagy to evade killing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4740. [PMID: 38834545 PMCID: PMC11150414 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48824-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is critical for mitochondrial quality control and function to clear damaged mitochondria. Here, we found that Burkholderia pseudomallei maneuvered host mitophagy for its intracellular survival through the type III secretion system needle tip protein BipD. We identified BipD, interacting with BTB-containing proteins KLHL9 and KLHL13 by binding to the Back and Kelch domains, recruited NEDD8 family RING E3 ligase CUL3 in response to B. pseudomallei infection. Although evidently not involved in regulation of infectious diseases, KLHL9/KLHL13/CUL3 E3 ligase complex was essential for BipD-dependent ubiquitination of mitochondria in mouse macrophages. Mechanistically, we discovered the inner mitochondrial membrane IMMT via host ubiquitome profiling as a substrate of KLHL9/KLHL13/CUL3 complex. Notably, K63-linked ubiquitination of IMMT K211 was required for initiating host mitophagy, thereby reducing mitochondrial ROS production. Here, we show a unique mechanism used by bacterial pathogens that hijacks host mitophagy for their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Nan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chenglong Rao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiheng Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Pan Wu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangao Chen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yupei Xia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jingmin Yan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenzheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hai Chen
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Yaling Liao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xuhu Mao
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Quanming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Pharmacy and Medical Laboratory, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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Dong W, Chen J, Wang Y, Weng J, Du X, Fang X, Liu W, Long T, You J, Wang W, Peng X. miR-206 alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory injury in cardiomyocytes via directly targeting USP33 to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:929-940. [PMID: 37256445 PMCID: PMC10230473 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous reports have confirmed that miR-206 participates in inflammatory cardiomyopathy, but its definite mechanism remains elusive. This study aims to elucidate the potential mechanism of miR-206 in septic cardiomyopathy (SCM). The primary mouse cardiomyocytes were isolated and exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to construct a septic injury model in vitro. Then, the gene transcripts and protein levels were detected by RT-qPCR and/or Western blot assay. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses were evaluated by CCK-8/EdU, flow cytometry, and ELISA assays, respectively. Dual luciferase assay, Co-IP, and ubiquitination experiments were carried out to validate the molecular interactions among miR-206, USP33, and JAK2/STAT3 signaling. miR-206 was significantly downregulated, but USP33 was upregulated in LPS-induced cardiomyocytes. Gain-of-function of miR-206 elevated the proliferation but suppressed the inflammatory responses and apoptosis in LPS-induced cardiomyocytes. USP33, as a member of the USP protein family, was confirmed to be a direct target of miR-206 and could catalyze deubiquitination of JAK2 to activate JAK2/STAT3 signaling. Rescue experiments presented that neither upregulation of USP33 nor JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation considerably reversed the protective effects of miR-206 upregulation in LPS-induced cardiomyocytes. The above data showed that miR-206 protected cardiomyocytes from LPS-induced inflammatory injuries by targeting the USP33/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, which might be a novel target for SCM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfei Weng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingxiang Du
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Long
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxiang You
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wensheng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yong Waizheng Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Chen Y, Bian H, Lv J, Song W, Xing C, Hui C, Zhang D, Zhang C, Zhao L, Li Y, Su L. Gelsevirine is a novel STING-specific inhibitor and mitigates STING-related inflammation in sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190707. [PMID: 37583703 PMCID: PMC10424845 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stimulation of IFN genes (STING) is central to the production of interferon and proinflammatory cytokines in response to microbial DNA or self-DNA in the cytosol. The detrimental role of the activation of STING during sepsis has been well documented. Methods Here, we found that gelsevirine (GS) potently inhibit interferon and inflammatory cytokine induction in macrophages exposed to STING agonists (2'3'-cGAMP, IFN stimulatory DNA (ISD), and poly(dA:dT)). I n silico docking analysis and surface plasmon resonance binding study showed that GS bonds with high affinity to the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN)-binding pocket of STING. Biotin pull-down assay also confirmed that GS competitively bonded to STING protein. Furthermore, GS inhibited 2'3'-cGAMP-induced STING dimerization and subsequent activation. In addition, GS induced K48-linked STING ubiquitination and degradation, which was likely through upregulating and recruiting TRIM21. In mice exposed to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis, post-operative administration of GS significantly extended the survival period and mitigated acute organ damage. Results Overall, GS inhibited STING signaling by competitively binding to the CDN-binding pocket to lock STING in an inactive open conformation, while also promoting K48-linked STING ubiquitination and degradation. Conclusions Our findings identify a novel STING-specific inhibitor that could be applied in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihui Bian
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanxue Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Xing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Hui
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dinglei Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingke Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Su
- School of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Luodian Clinical Drug Research Center, Institute for Translational Medicine Research, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
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Nissa MU, Pinto N, Ghosh B, Singh U, Goswami M, Srivastava S. Proteomic analysis of liver tissue reveals Aeromonas hydrophila infection mediated modulation of host metabolic pathways in Labeo rohita. J Proteomics 2023; 279:104870. [PMID: 36906258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) is a Gram-negative bacterium and a serious global pathogen causing Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) in fish leading to global loss in aquaculture. Investigation of the molecular alterations of host tissues such as liver could be a powerful approach to identify mechanistic and diagnostic immune signatures of disease pathogenesis. We performed a proteomic analysis of Labeo rohita liver tissue to examine the protein dynamics in the host cells during Ah infection. The proteomic data was acquired using two strategies; discovery and targeted proteomics. Label-free quantification was performed between Control and challenged group (AH) to identify the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). A total of 2525 proteins were identified and 157 were DEPs. DEPs include metabolic enzymes (CS, SUCLG2), antioxidative proteins, cytoskeletal proteins and immune related proteins (TLR3, CLEC4E). Pathways like lysosome pathway, apoptosis, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 were enriched by downregulated proteins. However, upregulated proteins majorly mapped to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing in ER. Our study would help in exploring the role of Toll-like receptors, C-type lectins and, metabolic intermediates like citrate and succinate in Ah pathogenesis to understand the Ah infection in fish. SIGNIFICANCE: Bacterial diseases such as motile aeromonas septicaemia (MAS) are among the most serious problems in aquaculture industry. Small molecules that target the metabolism of the host have recently emerged as potential treatment possibilities in infectious diseases. However, the ability to develop new therapies is hampered due to lack of knowledge about pathogenesis mechanisms and host-pathogen interactions. We examined alterations in the host proteome during MAS caused by Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah) infection, in Labeo rohita liver tissue to find cellular proteins and processes affected by Ah infection. Upregulated proteins belong to innate immune system, signaling of B cell receptor, proteosome pathway, ribosome, carbon metabolism and protein processing. Our work is an important step towards leveraging host metabolism in targeting the disease by providing a bigger picture on proteome pathology correlation during Ah infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehar Un Nissa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Nevil Pinto
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121001, India
| | - Urvi Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, 110034, India
| | - Mukunda Goswami
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400061, India.
| | - Sanjeeva Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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Cycle-Inhibiting Factor Is Associated with Burkholderia pseudomallei Invasion in Human Neuronal Cells. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11101439. [PMID: 36290346 PMCID: PMC9598235 DOI: 10.3390/biology11101439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is a pathogenic bacterium that causes human melioidosis, which is associated with a high mortality rate. However, the underlying mechanisms of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis are largely unknown. In this study, we examined the infection of human neuronal SH-Sy5y cells by several clinically relevant B. pseudomallei strains. We found that all tested B. pseudomallei strains can invade SH-Sy5y cells, undergo intracellular replication, cause actin-tail formation, and form multinucleated giant cells. Additionally, a deletion mutant of B. pseudomallei cycle-inhibiting factor (cif) was constructed that exhibited reduced invasion in SH-Sy5y cells. Complementation of cif restored invasion of the B. pseudomallei cif-deleted mutant. Our findings enhance understanding of B. pseudomallei pathogenicity in terms of the virulence factor Cif and demonstrate the function of Cif in neurological melioidosis. This may eventually lead to the discovery of novel targets for treatment and a strategy to control the disease.
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Kumar P, Kumar P, Mandal D, Velayutham R. The emerging role of Deubiquitinases (DUBs) in parasites: A foresight review. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:985178. [PMID: 36237424 PMCID: PMC9552668 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.985178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Before the discovery of the proteasome complex, the lysosomes with acidic proteases and caspases in apoptotic pathways were thought to be the only pathways for the degradation of damaged, unfolded, and aged proteins. However, the discovery of 26S and 20S proteasome complexes in eukaryotes and microbes, respectively, established that the degradation of most proteins is a highly regulated ATP-dependent pathway that is significantly conserved across each domain of life. The proteasome is part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), where the covalent tagging of a small molecule called ubiquitin (Ub) on the proteins marks its proteasomal degradation. The type and chain length of ubiquitination further determine whether a protein is designated for further roles in multi-cellular processes like DNA repair, trafficking, signal transduction, etc., or whether it will be degraded by the proteasome to recycle the peptides and amino acids. Deubiquitination, on the contrary, is the removal of ubiquitin from its substrate molecule or the conversion of polyubiquitin chains into monoubiquitin as a precursor to ubiquitin. Therefore, deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) can maintain the dynamic state of cellular ubiquitination by releasing conjugated ubiquitin from proteins and controlling many cellular pathways that are essential for their survival. Many DUBs are well characterized in the human system with potential drug targets in different cancers. Although, proteasome complex and UPS of parasites, like plasmodium and leishmania, were recently coined as multi-stage drug targets the role of DUBs is completely unexplored even though structural domains and functions of many of these parasite DUBs are conserved having high similarity even with its eukaryotic counterpart. This review summarizes the identification & characterization of different parasite DUBs based on in silico and a few functional studies among different phylogenetic classes of parasites including Metazoan (Schistosoma, Trichinella), Apicomplexan protozoans (Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Eimeria, Cryptosporidium), Kinetoplastidie (Leishmania, Trypanosoma) and Microsporidia (Nosema). The identification of different homologs of parasite DUBs with structurally similar domains with eukaryotes, and the role of these DUBs alone or in combination with the 20S proteosome complex in regulating the parasite survival/death is further elaborated. We propose that small molecules/inhibitors of human DUBs can be potential antiparasitic agents due to their significant structural conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
- *Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
| | - Ravichandiran Velayutham
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
- *Correspondence: Ravichandiran Velayutham, ; Debabrata Mandal,
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Kitazawa Y, Iwabuchi N, Maejima K, Sasano M, Matsumoto O, Koinuma H, Tokuda R, Suzuki M, Oshima K, Namba S, Yamaji Y. A phytoplasma effector acts as a ubiquitin-like mediator between floral MADS-box proteins and proteasome shuttle proteins. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1709-1723. [PMID: 35234248 PMCID: PMC9048881 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic bacteria have developed effectors to manipulate host cell functions to facilitate infection. A certain number of effectors use the conserved ubiquitin-proteasome system in eukaryotic to proteolyze targets. The proteasome utilization mechanism is mainly mediated by ubiquitin interaction with target proteins destined for degradation. Phyllogens are a family of protein effectors produced by pathogenic phytoplasmas that transform flowers into leaves in diverse plants. Here, we present a noncanonical mechanism for phyllogen action that involves the proteasome and is ubiquitin-independent. Phyllogens induce proteasomal degradation of floral MADS-box transcription factors (MTFs) in the presence of RADIATION-SENSITIVE23 (RAD23) shuttle proteins, which recruit ubiquitinated proteins to the proteasome. Intracellular localization analysis revealed that phyllogen induced colocalization of MTF with RAD23. The MTF/phyllogen/RAD23 ternary protein complex was detected not only in planta but also in vitro in the absence of ubiquitin, showing that phyllogen directly mediates interaction between MTF and RAD23. A Lys-less nonubiquitinated phyllogen mutant induced degradation of MTF or a Lys-less mutant of MTF. Furthermore, the method of sequential formation of the MTF/phyllogen/RAD23 protein complex was elucidated, first by MTF/phyllogen interaction and then RAD23 recruitment. Phyllogen recognized both the evolutionarily conserved tetramerization region of MTF and the ubiquitin-associated domain of RAD23. Our findings indicate that phyllogen functionally mimics ubiquitin as a mediator between MTF and RAD23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Kitazawa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomu Iwabuchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | | | - Momoka Sasano
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Oki Matsumoto
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Koinuma
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Tokuda
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kenro Oshima
- Faculty of Bioscience and Applied Chemistry, Hosei University, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan
| | - Shigetou Namba
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamaji
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Role of RONS and eIFs in Cancer Progression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5522054. [PMID: 34285764 PMCID: PMC8275427 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5522054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Various research works have piled up conflicting evidence questioning the effect of oxidative stress in cancer. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) are the reactive radicals and nonradical derivatives of oxygen and nitrogen. RONS can act as a double-edged weapon. On the one hand, RONS can promote cancer initiation through activating certain signal transduction pathways that direct proliferation, survival, and stress resistance. On the other hand, they can mitigate cancer progression via their resultant oxidative stress that causes many cancer cells to die, as some recent studies have proposed that high RONS levels can limit the survival of cancer cells during certain phases of cancer development. Similarly, eukaryotic translation initiation factors are key players in the process of cellular transformation and tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of such translation initiation factors in the form of overexpression, downregulation, or phosphorylation is associated with cancer cell's altering capability of survival, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Nonetheless, eIFs can affect tumor age-related features. Data shows that alternating the eukaryotic translation initiation apparatus can impact many downstream cellular signaling pathways that directly affect cancer development. Hence, researchers have been conducting various experiments towards a new trajectory to find novel therapeutic molecular targets to improve the efficacy of anticancer drugs as well as reduce their side effects, with a special focus on oxidative stress and initiation of translation to harness their effect in cancer development. An increasing body of scientific evidence recently links oxidative stress and translation initiation factors to cancer-related signaling pathways. Therefore, in this review, we present and summarize the recent findings in this field linking certain signaling pathways related to tumorigeneses such as MAPK and PI3K, with either RONS or eIFs.
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Ramachandran P, J BJ, Maupin-Furlow JA, Uthandi S. Bacterial effectors mimicking ubiquitin-proteasome pathway tweak plant immunity. Microbiol Res 2021; 250:126810. [PMID: 34246833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2021.126810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria evade the host plant immune system by secreting Type III (T3E) and Type IV effector (T4E) proteins into the plant cytoplasm. Mostly T3Es are secreted into the plant cells to establish pathogenicity by affecting the vital plant process viz. metabolic pathways, signal transduction and hormonal regulation. Ubiquitin-26S proteasome system (UPS) exists as one of the important pathways in plants to control plant immunity and various cellular processes by employing several enzymes and enzyme components. Pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria are found to secrete effectors into plants with structural and/or functional similarity to UPS pathway components like ubiquitin E3 ligases, F-box domains, cysteine proteases, inhibitor of host UPS or its components, etc. The bacterial effectors mimic UPS components and target plant resistance proteins for degradation by proteasomes, thereby taking control over the host cellular activities as a strategy to exert virulence. Thus, the bacterial effectors circumvent plant cellular pathways leading to infection and disease development. This review highlights known bacterial T3E and T4E proteins that function and interfere with the ubiquitination pathway to regulate the immune system of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadharshini Ramachandran
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beslin Joshi J
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Julie A Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sivakumar Uthandi
- Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Directorate of Natural Resource Management, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Abstract
The pathogenic potential of Listeria monocytogenes relies on the production of an arsenal of virulence determinants that have been extensively characterized, including surface and secreted proteins of the internalin family. We have previously shown that the Listeria secreted internalin InlC interacts with IκB kinase α to interfere with the host immune response (E. Gouin, M. Adib-Conquy, D. Balestrino, M.-A. Nahori, et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107:17333–17338, 2010, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1007765107). In the present work, we report that InlC is monoubiquitinated on K224 upon infection of cells and provide evidence that ubiquitinated InlC interacts with and stabilizes the alarmin S100A9, which is a critical regulator of the immune response and inflammatory processes. Additionally, we show that ubiquitination of InlC causes an increase in reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils in mice and restricts Listeria infection. These findings are the first to identify a posttranscriptional modification of an internalin contributing to host defense. Listeria monocytogenes is a pathogenic bacterium causing potentially fatal foodborne infections in humans and animals. While the mechanisms used by Listeria to manipulate its host have been thoroughly characterized, how the host controls bacterial virulence factors remains to be extensively deciphered. Here, we found that the secreted Listeria virulence protein InlC is monoubiquitinated by the host cell machinery on K224, restricting infection. We show that the ubiquitinated form of InlC interacts with the intracellular alarmin S100A9, resulting in its stabilization and in increased reactive oxygen species production by neutrophils in infected mice. Collectively, our results suggest that posttranslational modification of InlC exacerbates the host response upon Listeria infection.
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Curto P, Santa C, Allen P, Manadas B, Simões I, Martinez JJ. A Pathogen and a Non-pathogen Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Trigger Differential Proteome Signatures in Macrophages. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:43. [PMID: 30895174 PMCID: PMC6414445 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia montanensis have distinct intracellular fates within THP-1 macrophages, suggesting that the ability to proliferate within macrophages may be a distinguishable factor between pathogenic and non-pathogenic Spotted fever group (SFG) members. To start unraveling the molecular mechanisms underlying the capacity (or not) of SFG Rickettsia to establish their replicative niche in macrophages, we have herein used quantitative proteomics by SWATH-MS to profile the alterations resulted by the challenge of THP-1 macrophages with R. conorii and R. montanensis. We show that the pathogenic, R. conorii, and the non-pathogenic, R. montanensis, member of SFG Rickettsia trigger differential proteomic signatures in macrophage-like cells upon infection. R. conorii specifically induced the accumulation of several enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid β-oxidation, and glutaminolysis, as well as of several inner and outer membrane mitochondrial transporters. These results suggest a profound metabolic rewriting of macrophages by R. conorii toward a metabolic signature of an M2-like, anti-inflammatory activation program. Moreover, several subunits forming the proteasome and immunoproteasome are found in lower abundance upon infection with both rickettsial species, which may help bacteria to escape immune surveillance. R. conorii-infection specifically induced the accumulation of several host proteins implicated in protein processing and quality control in ER, suggesting that this pathogenic Rickettsia may be able to increase the ER protein folding capacity. This work reveals novel aspects of macrophage-Rickettsia interactions, expanding our knowledge of how pathogenic rickettsiae explore host cells to their advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Curto
- PhD Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Cátia Santa
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paige Allen
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isaura Simões
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Juan J. Martinez
- Vector Borne Disease Laboratories, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, LSU School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Chakraborty N, Gautam A, Muhie S, Miller SA, Moyler C, Jett M, Hammamieh R. The responses of lungs and adjacent lymph nodes in responding to Yersinia pestis infection: A transcriptomic study using a non-human primate model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0209592. [PMID: 30789917 PMCID: PMC6383991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Initiation of treatment during the pre-symptomatic phase of Yersinia pestis (Y. pestis) infection is particularly critical. The rapid proliferation of Y. pestis typically couples with the manifestation of common flu-like early symptoms that often misguides the medical intervention. Our study used African green monkeys (AGM) that did not exhibit clear clinical symptoms for nearly two days after intranasal challenge with Y. pestis and succumbed within a day after showing the first signs of clinical symptoms. The lung, and mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes (LN) accumulated significant Y. pestis colonization immediately after the intranasal challenge. Hence, organ-specific molecular investigations are deemed to be the key to elucidating mechanisms of the initial host response. Our previous study focused on the whole blood of AGM, and we found early perturbations in the ubiquitin-microtubule-mediated host defense. Altered expression of the genes present in ubiquitin and microtubule networks indicated an early suppression of these networks in the submandibular lymph nodes. In concert, the upstream toll-like receptor signaling and downstream NFκB signaling were inhibited at the multi-omics level. The inflammatory response was suppressed in the lungs, submandibular lymph nodes and mediastinal lymph nodes. We posited a causal chain of molecular mechanisms that indicated Y. pestis was probably able to impair host-mediated proteolysis activities and evade autophagosome capture by dysregulating both ubiquitin and microtubule networks in submandibular lymph nodes. Targeting these networks in a submandibular LN-specific and time-resolved fashion could be essential for development of the next generation therapeutics for pneumonic plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- The Geneva Foundation, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Aarti Gautam
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Seid Muhie
- The Geneva Foundation, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Stacy-Ann Miller
- ORISE, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Candace Moyler
- ORISE, US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Marti Jett
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Fort Detrick, MD, United States of America
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13
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Ehrlichia chaffeensis TRP120 Moonlights as a HECT E3 Ligase Involved in Self- and Host Ubiquitination To Influence Protein Interactions and Stability for Intracellular Survival. Infect Immun 2017. [PMID: 28630068 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00290-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis secretes tandem repeat protein (TRP) effectors that are involved in a diverse array of host cell interactions, some of which directly activate cell signaling pathways and reprogram host gene transcription to promote survival in the mononuclear phagocyte. However, the molecular details of these effector-host interactions and roles in pathobiology are incompletely understood. In this study, we determined that the E. chaffeensis effector TRP120 is posttranslationally modified by ubiquitin (Ub) and that ubiquitination occurs through intrinsic and host-mediated HECT ligase activity. A functional HECT E3 ligase domain with a conserved catalytic site was identified in the C-terminal region of TRP120, and TRP120 autoubiquitination occurred in vitro in the presence of host UbcH5b/c E2 enzymes. TRP120 ubiquitination sites were mapped using a high-density microfluidic peptide array and confirmed by ectopic expression of TRP120 lysine mutants in cells. Moreover, we determined that the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase, Nedd4L, interacts with TRP120 during infection and also mediates TRP120 ubiquitination. Nedd4L knockdown resulted in the reduction of TRP120-Ub, decreased ehrlichial infection, and reduced recruitment of a known TRP120-interacting host protein, PCGF5, to ehrlichial inclusions. TRP120-mediated PCGF5 polyubiquitination was associated with a reduction in PCGF5 levels. Inhibition of ubiquitination with small molecules also significantly decreased ehrlichial infection, indicating that the Ub pathway is critical for ehrlichial intracellular replication and survival. The current study identified a novel E. chaffeensis ubiquitin ligase and revealed an important role for the ubiquitin pathway in effector-host interactions and pathogen-mediated host protein stability in order to promote intracellular survival.
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14
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Price C, Merchant M, Jones S, Best A, Von Dwingelo J, Lawrenz MB, Alam N, Schueler-Furman O, Kwaik YA. Host FIH-Mediated Asparaginyl Hydroxylation of Translocated Legionella pneumophila Effectors. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:54. [PMID: 28321389 PMCID: PMC5337513 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
FIH-mediated post-translational modification through asparaginyl hydroxylation of eukaryotic proteins impacts regulation of protein-protein interaction. We have identified the FIH recognition motif in 11 Legionella pneumophila translocated effectors, YopM of Yersinia, IpaH4.5 of Shigella and an ankyrin protein of Rickettsia. Mass spectrometry analyses of the AnkB and AnkH effectors of L. pneumophila confirm their asparaginyl hydroxylation. Consistent with localization of the AnkB effector to the Legionella-containing vacuole (LCV) membrane and its modification by FIH, our data show that FIH and its two interacting proteins, Mint3 and MT1-MMP are acquired by the LCV in a Dot/Icm type IV secretion-dependent manner. Chemical inhibition or RNAi-mediated knockdown of FIH promotes LCV-lysosomes fusion, diminishes decoration of the LCV with polyubiquitinated proteins, and abolishes intra-vacuolar replication of L. pneumophila. These data show acquisition of the host FIH by a pathogen-containing vacuole and that asparaginyl-hydroxylation of translocated effectors is indispensable for their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael Merchant
- Department of Medicine-Renal, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Snake Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Ashley Best
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Juanita Von Dwingelo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Matthew B. Lawrenz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
| | - Nawsad Alam
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Ora Schueler-Furman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalem, Israel
| | - Yousef A. Kwaik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine, College of Medicine, University of LouisvilleLouisville, KY, USA
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Otsubo R, Kim M, Lee J, Sasakawa C. Midori-ishi Cyan/monomeric Kusabira-Orange-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay for characterization of various E3 ligases. Genes Cells 2016; 21:608-23. [PMID: 27091465 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial pathogens hijack the host ubiquitin system for their own benefit by delivering effectors with ubiquitin ligase (E3) into host cells via the type III secretion system. Therefore, screening for small compounds that selectively inhibit bacterial but not mammalian E3 ligases is a promising strategy for identifying molecules that could substitute for antibiotics. To facilitate high-throughput screening for bacterial E3 ligase inhibitors, we developed a MiCy/mKO (Midori-ishi Cyan/monomeric Kusabira-Orange)-based FRET (fluorescence resonance energy transfer) assay and validated it on Shigella IpaH E3 ligase effectors. We showed the feasibility of using the MiCy/mKO-based FRET assay to identify the most appropriate ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and determine the lysine specificity of a given E3, both hallmarks of E3 activity. Furthermore, we showed the usefulness of the FRET assay in characterizing mammalian E3 ligases, such as TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and mouse double minute 2 homologue (MDM2). In addition, we confirmed the feasibility of determining the efficiency of inhibition of E3 ligase activity using inhibitors of E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, such as UBE1-41, by measuring the IC50 . Based on these results, we concluded that the MiCy/mKO-based FRET assay is useful for characterizing E3 enzyme activity, as well as for high-throughput E3 inhibitor screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Otsubo
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jihye Lee
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo, Japan
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan
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Takagi K, Kim M, Sasakawa C, Mizushima T. Crystal structure of the substrate-recognition domain of the Shigella E3 ligase IpaH9.8. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2016; 72:269-75. [PMID: 27050259 PMCID: PMC4822982 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x16002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have significant impacts on global public health. During infection, pathogenic bacteria deliver a variety of virulence factors, called effectors, into host cells. The Shigella effector IpaH9.8 functions as an ubiquitin ligase, ubiquitinating the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO)/IKK-γ to inhibit host inflammatory responses. IpaH9.8 contains leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) involved in substrate recognition and an E3 ligase domain. To elucidate the structural basis of the function of IpaH9.8, the crystal structure of the LRR domain of Shigella IpaH9.8 was determined and this structure was compared with the known structures of other IpaH family members. This model provides insights into the structural features involved in substrate specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Takagi
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Minsoo Kim
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Division of Bacterial Infection Biology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohama, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Tsunehiro Mizushima
- Graduate School of Life Science, University of Hyogo, 3-2-1 Kouto, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
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Rapid identification of ubiquitination and SUMOylation target sites by microfluidic peptide array. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:430-438. [PMID: 27047992 PMCID: PMC4817105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation and ubiquitination are two essential post translational modifications (PTMs) involved in the regulation of important biological processes in eukaryotic cells. Identification of ubiquitin (Ub) and small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO)-conjugated lysine residues in proteins is critical for understanding the role of ubiquitination and SUMOylation, but remains experimentally challenging. We have developed a powerful in vitro Ub/SUMO assay using a novel high density peptide array incorporated within a microfluidic device that allows rapid identification of ubiquitination and SUMOylation sites on target proteins. We performed the assay with a panel of human proteins and a microbial effector with known target sites for Ub or SUMO modifications, and determined that 80% of these proteins were modified by Ub or specific SUMO isoforms at the sites previously determined using conventional methods. Our results confirm the specificity for both SUMO isoform and individual target proteins at the peptide level. In summary, this microfluidic high density peptide array approach is a rapid screening assay to determine sites of Ub and SUMO modification of target substrates, which will provide new insights into the composition, selectivity and specificity of these PTM target sites.
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ROS and ROS-Mediated Cellular Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4350965. [PMID: 26998193 PMCID: PMC4779832 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4350965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1066] [Impact Index Per Article: 133.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can modify the cell-signaling proteins and have functional consequences, which successively mediate pathological processes such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, unchecked growth, neurodegeneration, inflammation, and aging. While numerous articles have demonstrated the impacts of ROS on various signaling pathways and clarify the mechanism of action of cell-signaling proteins, their influence on the level of intracellular ROS, and their complex interactions among multiple ROS associated signaling pathways, the systemic summary is necessary. In this review paper, we particularly focus on the pattern of the generation and homeostasis of intracellular ROS, the mechanisms and targets of ROS impacting on cell-signaling proteins (NF-κB, MAPKs, Keap1-Nrf2-ARE, and PI3K-Akt), ion channels and transporters (Ca(2+) and mPTP), and modifying protein kinase and Ubiquitination/Proteasome System.
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