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Schmidt G, Greif I, Müller S, Markmann M, Edinger F, Sander M, Koch C, Henrich M. Dopamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin accelerate particle transport velocity in murine tracheal epithelium via substance-specific receptor pathways: dependency on intra- and extracellular Ca 2+ sources. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1401983. [PMID: 39309009 PMCID: PMC11415866 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1401983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The unique ability of the respiratory tract to protect the integrity of the airways by removing potentially harmful substances is defined as mucociliary clearance. This complex physiological mechanism protects the lower airways by ridding them of pollutants and pathogens. This study aimed to evaluate the potential influence of clinically relevant vasopressors on mucociliary clearance. Material and methods The particle transport velocity (PTV) of isolated murine tracheae was measured as a surrogate for mucociliary clearance under the influence of dopamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin. Inhibitory substances were applied to elucidate relevant signal transduction cascades and the value and origin of calcium ions. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to identify the expression of vasopressin receptor subtypes. Results Dopamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin significantly increased the PTV in a dose-dependent manner with half maximal effective concentrations of 0.58 µM, 1.21 µM, and 0.10 µM, respectively. Each substance increased the PTV via separate receptor pathways. While dopamine acted on D1-like receptors to increase the PTV, norepinephrine acted on β-adrenergic receptors, and vasopressin acted on V1a receptors. RT-PCR revealed the expression of V1a in the murine whole trachea and tracheal epithelium. PTV increased when protein kinase A was inhibited and norepinephrine or vasopressin were applied, but not when dopamine was applied. Phospholipase C inhibition decreased the PTV when vasopressin was applied. In general, maximum PTV was significantly reduced when extracellular calcium entry was inhibited. When intracellular calcium stores were depleted, no increase in PTV was observed after administering all three substances. Inositol trisphosphate receptor activation was found to be pivotal in the increase in murine PTV after applying dopamine and vasopressin. Discussion Dopamine, norepinephrine, and vasopressin accelerate the murine PTV via substance-specific receptor pathways. Further investigations should assess the value and interaction of these substances on mucociliary clearance in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Schmidt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Greif
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabrina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Markmann
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Edinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Sander
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Henrich
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Vidia St. Vincentius-Clinic Karlsruhe gAG, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Kandabashi D, Kawano M, Izutani S, Harada H, Tominaga T, Hori M. HCN channels are essential for the escape response of Paramecium. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2024:e13057. [PMID: 39198998 DOI: 10.1111/jeu.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
When mechanical stimulation was applied to free swimming Paramecium, forward swimming velocity transiently increased due to activation of the posterior mechanosensory channels. The behavior response, known as "escape response," requires membrane hyperpolarization and the activation of K-channel type adenylate cyclases. Our hypothesis is that this escape response also involves activation of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. HCN channels are activated by hyperpolarization and are modulated by cyclic nucleotides such as cAMP and cGMP. They play a critical role in many excitable cells in higher animals. If HCN channels act in Paramecium, this should help to enhance and prolong hyperpolarization, thereby increasing the swimming speed of Paramecium. This study used RNAi to examine the role of the HCN channel 1 in the escape responses by generating hcn1-gene knockdown cells (hcn1-KD). These cells showed reduced mechanically-stimulated escape responses and a lack of cGMP-dependent increases in swimming speed. Electrophysiological experiments demonstrated reduced hyperpolarization upon injection of large negative currents in hcn1-KD cells. This is consistent with a decrease in HCN1 channel activity and changes in the escape response. These findings suggest that HCN1 channels are K+ channels that regulate the escape response of Paramecium by amplifying the hyperpolarizations elicited by posterior mechanical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mutsumi Kawano
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | | | - Hiyori Harada
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takashi Tominaga
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Manabu Hori
- Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
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Rochon ER, Xue J, Mohammed MS, Smith C, Hay-Schmidt A, DeMartino AW, Clark A, Xu Q, Lo CW, Tsang M, Tejero J, Gladwin MT, Corti P. Cytoglobin regulates NO-dependent cilia motility and organ laterality during development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8333. [PMID: 38097556 PMCID: PMC10721929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoglobin is a heme protein with unresolved physiological function. Genetic deletion of zebrafish cytoglobin (cygb2) causes developmental defects in left-right cardiac determination, which in humans is associated with defects in ciliary function and low airway epithelial nitric oxide production. Here we show that Cygb2 co-localizes with cilia and with the nitric oxide synthase Nos2b in the zebrafish Kupffer's vesicle, and that cilia structure and function are disrupted in cygb2 mutants. Abnormal ciliary function and organ laterality defects are phenocopied by depletion of nos2b and of gucy1a, the soluble guanylate cyclase homolog in fish. The defects are rescued by exposing cygb2 mutant embryos to a nitric oxide donor or a soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, or with over-expression of nos2b. Cytoglobin knockout mice also show impaired airway epithelial cilia structure and reduced nitric oxide levels. Altogether, our data suggest that cytoglobin is a positive regulator of a signaling axis composed of nitric oxide synthase-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP that is necessary for normal cilia motility and left-right patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Rochon
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Manush Sayd Mohammed
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Caroline Smith
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Anders Hay-Schmidt
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anthony W DeMartino
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Adam Clark
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Qinzi Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Cecilia W Lo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Rangos Research Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15201, USA
| | - Michael Tsang
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jesus Tejero
- Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
| | - Paola Corti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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Brazão SC, Lima GF, Autran LJ, Mendes ABA, Dos Santos BA, Magliano DC, de Brito FCF, Motta NAV. Subacute administration of cilostazol modulates PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38/NF-kB pathway and plays vascular protective effects through eNOS activation in early stages of atherosclerosis development. Life Sci 2023; 332:122082. [PMID: 37722587 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hypercholesterolemia is an important risk factor for development of cardiovascular disturbances, such as atherosclerosis, and its treatment remains challenging in modern medicine. Cilostazol is a selective inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 3 clinically prescribed for intermittent claudication treatment. Due to its pleiotropic properties, such as lipid lowering, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects, the therapeutic repurposing of cilostazol has become a strategic approach for atherosclerosis treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effects of subacute administration of cilostazol on the aortas of hypercholesterolemic rats, focusing on the signaling pathways involved in these actions. MAIN METHODS A murine model of hypercholesterolemia was employed to mimic the early stages of atherosclerosis development. Vascular reactivity assays were performed on thoracic aorta rings to assess the vascular response, as well as the non-invasive blood pressure was evaluated by plethysmography method. Pro-inflammatory markers and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of cilostazol. Western Blot analysis was performed in aortas homogenates to evaluate the role of cilostazol on PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38-MAPK/IκB-α/NF-кB and PKA/eNOS/PKG pathways. KEY FINDINGS The hypercholesterolemic diet induced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, TXB2, VCAM, and worsened vascular function, marked by increased contractile response, decreased maximum relaxation, and elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Cilostazol seems to counteract the deleterious effects promoted by hypercholesterolemic diet, showing important anti-inflammatory and vasculoprotective properties possibly through the inhibition of the PLC-γ/PKC-α/p38-MAPK/IκB-α/NF-кB pathway and activation of the PKA/eNOS/PKG pathway. SIGNIFICANCE Cilostazol suppressed hypercholesterolemia-induced vascular dysfunction and inflammation. Our data suggest the potential repurposing of cilostazol as a pharmacological treatment for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Correia Brazão
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lis Jappour Autran
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Araújo Mendes
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Alexandre Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - Dangelo Carlo Magliano
- Laboratory of Morphological and Metabolic Analyses, Department of Morphology Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carla Ferreira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Nadia Alice Vieira Motta
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology (LAFE), Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Room 310, Valonguinho, 24020-150 Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Echinocandins Accelerate Particle Transport Velocity in the Murine Tracheal Epithelium: Dependency on Intracellular Ca 2+ Stores. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0066921. [PMID: 34491804 PMCID: PMC8522769 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00669-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mucociliary clearance of lower airways is modulated by different physiologic stimuli and also by pathophysiologic agents like polluting substances or pharmaceutical molecules. In the present investigation, we measured the particle transport velocity (PTV) of mouse tracheae as a surrogate for mucociliary clearance. In mouse tracheal preparations, we detected a sustained increase in the PTV under the application of the echinocandins caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. In further experiments, we observed the effects of echinocandins on the PTV were dependent on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In Ca2+-free buffer solutions, the amplitude of the echinocandin-evoked rise in the PTV was significantly reduced relative to that in the experiments in Ca2+-containing solutions. Depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by caffeine completely prevented an increase in the PTV with subsequent caspofungin applications. Mitochondrial Ca2+ stores seemed to be unaffected by echinocandin treatment. We also observed no altered generation of reactive oxygen species under the application of echinocandins as probable mediators of the PTV. Consequently, the observed echinocandin effects on the PTV depend upon the Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ contents of the ER. We assume that all three echinocandins act intracellularly on ER Ca2+ stores to activate Ca2+-dependent signal transduction cascades, enhancing the PTV.
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Ludwig HC, Dreha-Kulaczewski S, Bock HC. Neurofluids-Deep inspiration, cilia and preloading of the astrocytic network. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2804-2821. [PMID: 34323313 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of real-time MRI, the motion and passage of cerebrospinal fluid can be visualized without gating and exclusion of low-frequency waves. This imaging modality gives insights into low-volume, rapidly oscillating cardiac-driven movement as well as sustained, high-volume, slowly oscillating inspiration-driven movement. Inspiration means a spontaneous or artificial increase in the intrathoracic dimensions independent of body position. Alterations in thoracic diameter enable the thoracic and spinal epidural venous compartments to be emptied and filled, producing an upward surge of cerebrospinal fluid inside the spine during inspiration; this surge counterbalances the downward pooling of venous blood toward the heart. Real-time MRI, as a macroscale in vivo observation method, could expand our knowledge of neurofluid dynamics, including how astrocytic fluid preloading is adjusted and how brain buoyancy and turgor are maintained in different postures and zero gravity. Along with these macroscale findings, new microscale insights into aquaporin-mediated fluid transfer, its sensing by cilia, and its tuning by nitric oxide will be reviewed. By incorporating clinical knowledge spanning several disciplines, certain disorders-congenital hydrocephalus with Chiari malformation, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, and adult idiopathic hydrocephalus-are interpreted and reviewed according to current concepts, from the basics of the interrelated systems to their pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Ludwig
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Steffi Dreha-Kulaczewski
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hans C Bock
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Mikhailik A, Michurina TV, Dikranian K, Hearn S, Maxakov VI, Siller SS, Takemaru KI, Enikolopov G, Peunova N. nNOS regulates ciliated cell polarity, ciliary beat frequency, and directional flow in mouse trachea. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/5/e202000981. [PMID: 33653689 PMCID: PMC8008965 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of the airway is dependent on directional mucus flow across the mucociliary epithelium, and deficient flow is implicated in a range of human disorders. Efficient flow relies on proper polarization of the multiciliated cells and sufficient ciliary beat frequency. We show that NO, produced by nNOS in the multiciliated cells of the mouse trachea, controls both the planar polarity and the ciliary beat frequency and is thereby necessary for the generation of the robust flow. The effect of nNOS on the polarity of ciliated cells relies on its interactions with the apical networks of actin and microtubules and involves RhoA activation. The action of nNOS on the beat frequency is mediated by guanylate cyclase; both NO donors and cGMP can augment fluid flow in the trachea and rescue the deficient flow in nNOS mutants. Our results link insufficient availability of NO in ciliated cells to defects in flow and ciliary activity and may thereby explain the low levels of exhaled NO in ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly Mikhailik
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Tatyana V Michurina
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Krikor Dikranian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen Hearn
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir I Maxakov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Saul S Siller
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ken-Ichi Takemaru
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Grigori Enikolopov
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Natalia Peunova
- Center for Developmental Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA .,Department of Anesthesiology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Integrative Transcriptome Analyses of the Human Fallopian Tube: Fimbria and Ampulla-Site of Origin of Serous Carcinoma of the Ovary. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12051090. [PMID: 32349388 PMCID: PMC7281286 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer represents a group of heterogeneous diseases with high grade serous cancer (HGSC) representing the most common histotype. Molecular profiles of precancerous lesions found in the fallopian tube have implicated this tissue as the presumptive site of origin of HGSC. Precancerous lesions are primarily found in the distal fallopian tube (fimbria), near the ovary relative to the proximal tissue (ampulla), nearer to the uterus. The proximity of the fimbria to the ovary and the link between ovulation, through follicular fluid release, and ovarian cancer risk led us to examine transcriptional responses of fallopian tube epithelia (FTE) at the different anatomical sites of the human fallopian tube. Gene expression profiles of matched FTE from the fimbria and from premenopausal women resulted in differentially expressed genes (DEGs): CYYR1, SALL1, FOXP2, TAAR1, AKR1C2/C3/C4, NMBR, ME1 and GSTA2. These genes are part of the antioxidant, stem and inflammation pathways. Comparisons between the luteal phase (post-ovulation) to the follicular phase (pre-ovulation) demonstrated greater differences in DEGs than a comparison between fimbria and fallopian tube anatomical differences alone. This data suggests that cyclical transcriptional changes experienced in pre-menopause are inherent physiological triggers that expose the FTE in the fimbria to cytotoxic stressors. These cyclical exposures induce transcriptional changes reflective of genotoxic and cytotoxic damage to the FTE in the fimbria which are closely related to transcriptional and genomic alterations observed in ovarian cancer.
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9
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Whole body periodic acceleration in normal and reduced mucociliary clearance of conscious sheep. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224764. [PMID: 31697733 PMCID: PMC6837306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether nitric oxide (NO) released into the circulation by a noninvasive technology called whole body periodic acceleration (WBPA) could increase mucociliary clearance (MCC). It was based on observations by others that nitric oxide donor drugs increase ciliary beat frequency of nasal epithelium without increasing mucociliary clearance. Tracheal mucous velocity (TMV), a reflection of MCC, was measured in sheep after 1-hour treatment of WBPA and repeated after pretreatment with the NO synthase inhibitor, L-NAME to demonstrated action of NO. Aerosolized human neutrophil elastase (HNE) was administered to sheep to suppress TMV as might occur in cystic fibrosis and other inflammatory lung diseases. WBPA increased TMV to a peak of 136% of baseline 1h after intervention, an effect blocked by L-NAME. HNE reduced TMV to 55% of baseline but slowing was reversed by WBPA, protection lost in the presence of L-NAME. NO released into the circulation from eNOS by WBPA can acutely access airway epithelium for improving MCC slowed in cystic fibrosis and other inflammatory lung diseases as a means of enhancing host defense against pathogens.
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10
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Arvers P. [Alcohol consumption and lung damage: Dangerous relationships]. Rev Mal Respir 2018; 35:1039-1049. [PMID: 29941207 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Binge drinking and continued alcohol use in large amounts are associated with many health problems but there are very few studies on the effects of alcohol intake on the function of lung, the effects of ethanol on lung diseases, and links between alcohol consumption and lung cancer. Therefore, our knowledge of these interactions from pathophysiological, clinical and epidemiological aspects is poor. BACKGROUND Acute alcohol exposure stimulates the beating of the cilia of mucociliary epithelium cells but the effects of chronic ethanol over-exposure are different, with a progressive desensitization of ciliary response: ethanol exposure reduces airway mucociliary clearance. As a result this important innate primary defense mechanism, which protects the lungs from the deleterious effects of different pollutants, allergens and pathogens, is weakened. Chronic alcohol exposure alters the adaptative immune response to pathogens (decreasing the phagocytic function of macrophages) and leads to an inflammatory response (pro-inflammatory cytokines). Respiratory function is impaired by alcohol misuse: asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung infections, and the acute respiratory distress syndrome are more frequent and severe. It is difficult to establish a causal link between alcohol and lung cancer as the lung cancer risk is likely confounded by the effect of smoking. Very few studies among never smokers have been conducted until now and the results are not consistent: they are therefore necessary to confirm or refute whether lung cancer is attributable to alcohol misuse. CONCLUSION The pulmonary effects of alcohol misuse are many but further investigations into the mechanism by which alcohol might predispose to lung cancer are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ph Arvers
- Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, institut Rhône-Alpes-Auvergne de Tabacologie (IRAAT), 103, Grande rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; USR 3394 CNRS-UGA, maison des sciences de l'homme-Alpes, Observatoire territorial des conduites à risques de l'adolescent (OCTRA), 1221, avenue Centrale BP 47, 38040 Grenoble cedex 9, France.
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11
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Kouis P, Hadjisavvas A, Middleton N, Papatheodorou SI, Kyriacou K, Yiallouros PK. The effect of l-Arginine on Ciliary Beat Frequency in PCD patients, non-PCD respiratory patients and healthy controls. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2017; 48:15-21. [PMID: 29056509 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Few studies have examined the potentially therapeutic effect of increasing the production of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) and other chronic respiratory conditions. Nasal NO is low in PCD and has been found to correlate with compromised Ciliary Beat Frequency (CBF). In this study we assessed the effect of increasing l-Arginine, as the substrate of NO synthases, on CBF in biopsies of human respiratory ciliated epithelium. METHODOLOGY A total of 28 suspect cases with chronic respiratory manifestations referred for PCD diagnostic testing and 8 healthy controls underwent nasal brushing. Obtained epithelial cells were divided between three culture medium 199 solutions, containing different levels of l-Arginine (0.33 mM as baseline, 1 mM and 10 Mm as increased levels). CBF measurements were obtained at 37 °C and 25 °C at 1, 3 and 24 h after sample acquisition. RESULTS Among a total of 36 recruited subjects, 8 had PCD confirmed (PCD n = 8), 20 had PCD excluded (non-PCD n = 20) and 8 were healthy controls (Healthy Controls = 8). Among PCD subjects, ciliary motility was characterized by rotational (n = 5) or dyskinetic (n = 3) beating. At 37 °C, compared to baseline, higher levels of l-Arginine resulted in up to 9% CBF increase at 1 h (p = 0.007), up to 9% CBF increase at 3 h (p < 0.001) and up to 12% CBF increase at 24 h (p = 0.002). Similar although smaller scale increases were recorded at 25 °C. The effect of l-Arginine was time dependent (interaction p = 0.002) and was similar in PCD patients, non-PCD chronic respiratory patients and healthy controls (interaction p = 0.800). CONCLUSIONS l-Arginine increases CBF and merits to be evaluated as a potential stimulator of mucociliary clearance in chronic respiratory conditions and congenital ciliary disorders with residual motility. Larger human studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panayiotis Kouis
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental & Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Andreas Hadjisavvas
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Nicos Middleton
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Stefania I Papatheodorou
- Cyprus International Institute for Environmental & Public Health, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus; Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Panayiotis K Yiallouros
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Hospital 'Archbishop Makarios III', Nicosia, Cyprus.
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Bustamante-Marin XM, Ostrowski LE. Cilia and Mucociliary Clearance. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a028241. [PMID: 27864314 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mucociliary clearance (MCC) is the primary innate defense mechanism of the lung. The functional components are the protective mucous layer, the airway surface liquid layer, and the cilia on the surface of ciliated cells. The cilia are specialized organelles that beat in metachronal waves to propel pathogens and inhaled particles trapped in the mucous layer out of the airways. In health this clearance mechanism is effective, but in patients with primary cilia dyskinesia (PCD) the cilia are abnormal, resulting in deficient MCC and chronic lung disease. This demonstrates the critical importance of the cilia for human health. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the components of the MCC apparatus, focusing on the role of cilia in MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena M Bustamante-Marin
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Lawrence E Ostrowski
- Marsico Lung Institute, Cystic Fibrosis and Pulmonary Diseases Research and Treatment Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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13
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Carson JL, Zhou L, Brighton L, Mills KH, Zhou H, Jaspers I, Hazucha M. Temporal structure/function variation in cultured differentiated human nasal epithelium associated with acute single exposure to tobacco smoke or E-cigarette vapor. Inhal Toxicol 2017; 29:137-144. [PMID: 28470140 PMCID: PMC5545111 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2017.1318985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mucociliary clearance sustains a baseline functionality and an "on demand" capability to upregulate clearance upon irritant exposure involving mucus hypersecretion and accelerated ciliary beat frequency (CBF) modulated by nitric oxide (NO). This study characterized these elements as well as cellular and exogenous NO concentrations subsequent to a single exposure to tobacco smoke (TS) or e-cigarette vapor (EV) on cultured human airway epithelium. MATERIALS AND METHODS Air-liquid interface (ALI) airway epithelial cultures per nonsmoking human subjects were subjected to single TS or EV exposures. Measures of ciliary function and secretion were performed and cellular and exogenous NO concentrations under control and experimental conditions were assessed. RESULTS Both TS and EV exposures resulted similar patterns of decline in CBF within 1 min of the completion of exposure followed by a gradual return often exceeding baseline within 1 h. Post-exposure examination of exposed cultures suggested morphologic differences in secretory function relative to controls. The relative NO concentrations of TS and EV chamber air were sharply different with EV NO being only slightly elevated relative to cellular NO production. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Epithelial remodeling and mucociliary dysfunction have been clearly associated with TS exposure. However, information contrasting epithelial structure/function following a single acute TS or EV exposure is limited. This study demonstrates a similar pattern of epithelial response to acute TS or EV exposure. Inasmuch as NO may contribute to an inflammatory milieu and generation of toxic metabolites, it is plausible that recurrent exposures over time may be contributory to chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny L. Carson
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Zhou
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luisa Brighton
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Katherine H. Mills
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Haibo Zhou
- The Department of Biostatistics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- The Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- The Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Milan Hazucha
- The Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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14
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Kim HW, Li H, Kim HS, Shin SE, Jung WK, Ha KS, Han ET, Hong SH, Choi IW, Firth AL, Bang H, Park WS. The anti-diabetic drug repaglinide induces vasorelaxation via activation of PKA and PKG in aortic smooth muscle. Vascul Pharmacol 2016; 84:38-46. [PMID: 27435474 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the vasorelaxant effect of repaglinide and its related signaling pathways using phenylephrine (Phe)-induced pre-contracted aortic rings. Repaglinide induced vasorelaxation in a concentration-dependent manner. The repaglinide-induced vasorelaxation was not affected by removal of the endothelium. In addition, application of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) and a small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SKCa) channel inhibitor (apamin) did not alter the vasorelaxant effect of repaglinide on endothelium-intact arteries. Pretreatment with an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor (SQ 22536) or a PKA inhibitor (KT 5720) effectively reduced repaglinide-induced vasorelaxation. Also, pretreatment with a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor (ODQ) or a PKG inhibitor (KT 5823) inhibited repaglinide-induced vasorelaxation. However, pretreatment with a voltage-dependent K(+) (Kv) channel inhibitor (4-AP), ATP-sensitive K(+) (KATP) channel inhibitor (glibenclamide), large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BKCa) channel inhibitor (paxilline), or the inwardly rectifying K(+) (Kir) channel inhibitor (Ba(2+)) did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of repaglinide. Furthermore, pretreatment with a Ca(2+) inhibitor (nifedipine) and a sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) inhibitor (thapsigargin) did not affect the vasorelaxant effect of repaglinide. The vasorelaxant effect of repaglinide was not affected by elevated glucose (50mM). Based on these results, we conclude that repaglinide induces vasorelaxation via activation of adenylyl cyclase/PKA and guanylyl cyclase/PKG signaling pathways independently of the endothelium, K(+) channels, Ca(2+) channels, and intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Won Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Sung Eun Shin
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, South Korea
| | - Kwon-Soo Ha
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Eun-Taek Han
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology and Tropical Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 614-735, South Korea
| | - Amy L Firth
- Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Hyoweon Bang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 200-701, South Korea.
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