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张 叶, 张 袁, 沈 学, 王 国, 朱 磊. [MiRNA-103-3p promotes neural cell autophagy by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting rab10 in a rat model of depression]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2024; 44:1315-1326. [PMID: 39051077 PMCID: PMC11270673 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2024.07.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the neuroprotective role of Rab10 gene in depression and the mechanism mediating its effect. METHODS Forty-eight male SD rats were randomized into a control group and 3 chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) groups (n=12). The rats in the latter 3 groups were subjected to injections of normal saline, an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, or a Rab10-overexpressing AAV vector in the lateral ventricle after CUMS modeling. The depressive behavioral changes of the rats were assessed using behavioral tests. The TargetScan database was used to predict the miRNA interacting with Rab10 and the binding sites. The interaction between miRNA-103-3p and Rab10 was investigated using dual-luciferase and radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. The effect of corticosterone treatment on PC12 cell viability was assessed with CCK-8 assay. In corticosterone-stimulated PC12 cells, the changes in BDNF, CREB, p62, Beclin-1, Wnt3a, Gsk3β, phosphorylated (p)-Gsk3β, and β-catenin protein expressions following transfection with the Rab10-overexpressing AAV vector and a miRNA-103-3p inhibitor, alone or in combination, were analyzed using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS Injection of Rab10-overexpressing AVV vector into the lateral ventricle significantly improved depressive behaviors of CUMS rats. The mRNA and proteins expression of Rab10 were significantly down-regulated in the hippocampus of CUMS rats and in corticosteronestimulated PC12 cells. Bioinformatics analysis and the results of double luciferase and RIP experiments confirmed the targeting relationship between miRNA-103-3p and Rab10. In PC12 cells, overexpression of Rab10 or silencing miRNA-103-3p activated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, up-regulated the expressions of BDNF, CREB and Beclin-1, and down-regulated the expression of p62 protein; silencing Rab10 obviously blocked the effect of miRNA-103-3p inhibitor. CONCLUSION In mouse models of depression, miRNA-103-3p activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling via targeting rab10 to improve neural plasticity and promotes neural cell autophagy.
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Bonnet U, Juckel G, Kuhn J. Antidepressants for prevention of severe COVID-19, Long COVID and outlook for other viral diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1305184. [PMID: 38444417 PMCID: PMC10912328 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1305184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bonnet
- Department of Mental Health, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Castrop-Rauxel, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Duisburg/Essen, Castrop-Rauxel, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Landschaftsverband Rheinland-Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jens Kuhn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Alexianer Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Tunicamycin induces depression-like behaviors in male rats, accompanied by initiated chaperon-mediated autophagy and decreased synaptic protein expression in the hippocampus. Neurosci Lett 2023; 798:137058. [PMID: 36623760 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress participates in the occurrence and development of depression, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. This study aimed to investigate the behavioral performance and intracerebral molecular changes in an ER stress model of male rats. METHODS Intrahippocampal injection of tunicamycin (TM) was performed on male rats as a model of ER stress. The body weight was determined, and behavioral tests, including sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST), were performed to evaluate depressive and anxiety-like phenotypes within 8 days after injection. The levels of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), synaptic proteins, and neuroinflammation related factors in this model were measured via real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Intrahippocampal injection of TM (2 or 1 μg) induced depression-like behaviors in rats, as indicated by the reduced body weight, sucrose preference in SPT, central time in OFT, and increased immobility time in FST. The mRNA and protein levels of GRP78, ATF4, CHOP, LAMP2A, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly increased, while the expressions of MEF2D, PSD95, SYN, p-CREB (Ser133), and BDNF were significantly decreased in the hippocampus in the model group compared with the sham group. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that intrahippocampal injection of TM was a valid method to induce an ER stress rat model with depression-like behaviors accompanied by decreased synaptic protein expression and neuroinflammation. The alteration in CMA-related proteins in this ER stress depression model indicated the involvement of CMA in the development of depression.
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Zgajnar N, Lagadari M, Gallo LI, Piwien-Pilipuk G, Galigniana MD. Mitochondrial-nuclear communication by FKBP51 shuttling. J Cell Biochem 2023. [PMID: 36815347 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The HSP90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 is a soluble protein that shows high homology and structural similarity with FKBP52. Both immunophilins are functionally divergent and often show antagonistic actions. They were first described in steroid receptor complexes, their exchange in the complex being the earliest known event in steroid receptor activation upon ligand binding. In addition to steroid-related events, several pleiotropic actions of FKBP51 have emerged during the last years, ranging from cell differentiation and apoptosis to metabolic and psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, mitochondria play vital cellular roles in maintaining energy homeostasis, responding to stress conditions, and affecting cell cycle regulation, calcium signaling, redox homeostasis, and so forth. This is achieved by proteins that are encoded in both the nuclear genome and mitochondrial genes. This implies active nuclear-mitochondrial communication to maintain cell homeostasis. Such communication involves factors that regulate nuclear and mitochondrial gene expression affecting the synthesis and recruitment of mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial proteins, and/or changes in the functional state of the mitochondria itself, which enable mitochondria to recover from stress. FKBP51 has emerged as a serious candidate to participate in these regulatory roles since it has been unexpectedly found in mitochondria showing antiapoptotic effects. Such localization involves the tetratricopeptide repeats domains of the immunophilin and not its intrinsic enzymatic activity of peptidylprolyl-isomerase. Importantly, FKBP51 abandons the mitochondria and accumulates in the nucleus upon cell differentiation or during the onset of stress. Nuclear FKBP51 enhances the enzymatic activity of telomerase. The mitochondrial-nuclear trafficking is reversible, and certain situations such as viral infections promote the opposite trafficking, that is, FKBP51 abandons the nucleus and accumulates in mitochondria. In this article, we review the latest findings related to the mitochondrial-nuclear communication mediated by FKBP51 and speculate about the possible implications of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Zgajnar
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Lagadari
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos de Entre Ríos, Concordia, Argentina
| | - Luciana I Gallo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFYBYNE)/CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mario D Galigniana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME)/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Sánchez-Vidaña DI, Li J, Abokyi S, Chan JNM, Ngai SPC, Lau BWM. In vitro methods in autophagy research: Applications in neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1168948. [PMID: 37122628 PMCID: PMC10130388 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1168948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Autophagy is a conserved physiological intracellular mechanism responsible for the degradation and recycling of cytoplasmic constituents (e.g., damaged organelles, and protein aggregates) to maintain cell homeostasis. Aberrant autophagy has been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Parkinson's Disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's Disease (HD), and recently aberrant autophagy has been associated with mood disorders, such as depression. Several in vitro methods have been developed to study the complex and tightly regulated mechanisms of autophagy. In vitro methods applied to autophagy research are used to identify molecular key players involved in dysfunctional autophagy and to screen autophagy regulators with therapeutic applications in neurological diseases and mood disorders. Therefore, the aims of this narrative review are (1) to compile information on the cell-based methods used in autophagy research, (2) to discuss their application, and (3) to create a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro methods applied in neurodegenerative diseases and depression. Methods Pubmed and Google Scholar were used to retrieve relevant in vitro studies on autophagy mechanisms in neurological diseases and depression using a combination of search terms per mechanism and disease (e.g., "macroautophagy" and "Alzheimer's disease"). A total of 37 studies were included (14 in PD, 8 in AD, 5 in ALS, 5 in %, and 5 in depression). Results A repertoire of traditional and novel approaches and techniques was compiled and discussed. The methods used in autophagy research focused on the mechanisms of macroautophagy, microautophagy, and chaperone-mediated autophagy. The in vitro tools presented in this review can be applied to explore pathophysiological mechanisms at a molecular level and to screen for potential therapeutic agents and their mechanism of action, which can be of great importance to understanding disease biology and potential therapeutic options in the context of neurodegenerative disorders and depression. Conclusion This is the first review to compile, discuss, and provide a catalog of traditional and novel in vitro models applied to neurodegenerative disorders and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Dalinda Isabel Sánchez-Vidaña, ;
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Samuel Abokyi
- School of Optometry, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jackie Ngai-Man Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shirley Pui-Ching Ngai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benson Wui-Man Lau
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Mental Health Research Centre, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zuo C, Cao H, Song Y, Gu Z, Huang Y, Yang Y, Miao J, Zhu L, Chen J, Jiang Y, Wang F. Nrf2: An all-rounder in depression. Redox Biol 2022; 58:102522. [PMID: 36335763 PMCID: PMC9641011 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between oxidation and antioxidant is crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Once disrupted, it can lead to various pathological outcomes and diseases, such as depression. Oxidative stress can result in or aggravate a battery of pathological processes including mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, autophagical disorder and ferroptosis, which have been found to be involved in the development of depression. Inhibition of oxidative stress and related pathological processes can help improve depression. In this regard, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in the antioxidant defense system may play a pivotal role. Nrf2 activation can not only regulate the expression of a series of antioxidant genes that reduce oxidative stress and its damages, but also directly regulate the genes related to the above pathological processes to combat the corresponding alterations. Therefore, targeting Nrf2 has great potential for the treatment of depression. Activation of Nrf2 has antidepressant effect, but the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. This article reviews the key role of Nrf2 in depression, focusing on the possible mechanisms of Nrf2 regulating oxidative stress and related pathological processes in depression treatment. Meanwhile, we summarize some natural and synthetic compounds targeting Nrf2 in depression therapy. All the above may provide new insights into targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of depression and provide a broad basis for clinical transformation.
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Zhang M, Lyu D, Wang F, Shi S, Wang M, Yang W, Huang H, Wei Z, Chen S, Xu Y, Hong W. Ketamine May Exert Rapid Antidepressant Effects Through Modulation of Neuroplasticity, Autophagy, and Ferroptosis in the Habenular Nucleus. Neuroscience 2022; 506:29-37. [PMID: 36280022 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is a burdensome condition with few treatment options, and traditional antidepressants are characterized by slow onset. Sub-anesthetic ketamine has rapid-onset effects for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), the mechanisms of which remain elusive. In this study, we explored whether neuroplasticity, autophagy, and ferroptosis in the habenular nucleus are involved in the rapid antidepressant process of ketamine. The results showed that Chronic Restraint Stress (CRS) treated rats exhibited decreased neuroplasticity, inhibition of autophagy, and enhanced ferroptosis. Depression-like symptoms were significantly improved after ketamine treatment in CRS rats, with changes in physiological parameters. Ketamine-treated CRS rats showed a significant improvement in habenular nuclear neuroplasticity. Electron microscopy observed that ketamine triggered autophagy, with increased levels of autophagy-related proteins. Ferroptosis was inhibited by ketamine by electron microscopy, with increased FTH1 and GPX4 levels and decreased Tfr1 levels. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that ketamine may exert rapid antidepressant effects by improving neuroplasticity, activating autophagy, and inhibiting ferroptosis in the nuclear complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Dongbin Lyu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Fan Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Shuxiang Shi
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Meiti Wang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Weichieh Yang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Haijing Huang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Zheyi Wei
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - ShenTse Chen
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China.
| | - Wu Hong
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, PR China.
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Mendonça IP, de Paiva IHR, Duarte-Silva EP, de Melo MG, da Silva RS, do Nascimento MIX, Peixoto CA. Metformin improves depressive-like behavior in experimental Parkinson's disease by inducing autophagy in the substantia nigra and hippocampus. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:1705-1716. [PMID: 35931897 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) remains a disease of little known etiology. In addition to the motor symptoms, depression is present in about 40% of patients, contributing to the loss of quality of life. Recently, the involvement of the autophagy mechanism in the pathogenesis of depression has been studied, in addition to its involvement in PD as well. In this study, we tested the effects of metformin, an antidiabetic drug also with antidepressant effects, on depressive-like behavior in a rotenone-induced PD model and on the autophagy process. Mice 8-week-old male C57BL/6 were induced with rotenone for 20 consecutive days (2.5 mg/kg/day) and treated with metformin (200 mg/kg/day) from the 5th day of induction. All the animals were submitted to rotarod, sucrose preference and tail suspension tests. After euthanasia, the substantia nigra and hippocampus were removed for analysis by western blotting or fixed and analyzed by immunofluorescence. The results show that there was an impairment of autophagy in animals induced by rotenone both in nigral and extranigral regions as well as a depressive-like behavior. Metformin was able to inhibit depressive-like behavior and increase signaling pathway proteins, transcription factors and autophagosome-forming proteins, thus inducing autophagy in both the hippocampus and the substantia nigra. In conclusion, we show that metformin has an antidepressant effect in a rotenone-induced PD model, which may result, at least in part, from the induction of the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Prata Mendonça
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.
| | - Igor Henrique Rodrigues de Paiva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Pereira Duarte-Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology for Health (PPGBBS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ-PE)/Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Michel Gomes de Melo
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S da Silva
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (PPGCB), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Laboratory of Ultrastructure, Aggeu Magalhães Institute (IAM), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology On Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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The environmental enrichment ameliorates chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced depressive-like behaviors and cognitive decline by inducing autophagy-mediated inflammation inhibition. Brain Res Bull 2022; 187:98-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tan T, Xu Z, Gao C, Shen T, Li L, Chen Z, Chen L, Xu M, Chen B, Liu J, Zhang Z, Yuan Y. Influence and interaction of resting state functional magnetic resonance and tryptophan hydroxylase-2 methylation on short-term antidepressant drug response. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:218. [PMID: 35337298 PMCID: PMC8957120 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most antidepressants have been developed on the basis of the monoamine deficiency hypothesis of depression, in which neuronal serotonin (5-HT) plays a key role. 5-HT biosynthesis is regulated by the rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase-2 (TPH2). TPH2 methylation is correlated with antidepressant effects. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) is applied for detecting abnormal brain functional activity in patients with different antidepressant effects. We will investigate the effect of the interaction between rs-fMRI and TPH2 DNA methylation on the early antidepressant effects. METHODS A total of 300 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 100 healthy controls (HCs) were enrolled, of which 60 patients with MDD were subjected to rs-fMRI. Antidepressant responses was assessed by a 50% reduction in 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17) scores at baseline and after two weeks of medication. The RESTPlus software in MATLAB was used to analyze the rs-fMRI data. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo), fractional ALFF (fALFF), and functional connectivity (FC) were used, and the above results were used as regions of interest (ROIs) to extract the average value of brain ROIs regions in the RESTPlus software. Generalized linear model analysis was performed to analyze the association between abnormal activity found in rs-fMRI and the effect of TPH2 DNA methylation on antidepressant responses. RESULTS Two hundred ninety-one patients with MDD and 100 HCs were included in the methylation statistical analysis, of which 57 patients were included in the further rs-fMRI analysis (3 patients were excluded due to excessive head movement). 57 patients were divided into the responder group (n = 36) and the non-responder group (n = 21). Rs-fMRI results showed that the ALFF of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) was significantly different between the two groups. The results showed that TPH2-1-43 methylation interacted with ALFF of left IFG to affect the antidepressant responses (p = 0.041, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected p = 0.149). CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that the differences in the ALFF of left IFG between the two groups and its association with TPH2 methylation affect short-term antidepressant drug responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Tan
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenjie Gao
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tian Shen
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,grid.89957.3a0000 0000 9255 8984Department of Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Wuxi Mental Health Center, Nanjing Medical University, WuXi, 214123 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zimu Chen
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Xu
- grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Anatomy, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwei Chen
- grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- grid.452290.80000 0004 1760 6316Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China ,grid.263826.b0000 0004 1761 0489Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009 People’s Republic of China
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Li C, Zhu Y, Wu Y, Fu M, Wu Y, Wu Y, Qiu Y, Zhang H, Ding M. Oridonin Alleviates LPS-Induced Depression by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome via Activation of Autophagy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:813047. [PMID: 35096901 PMCID: PMC8790066 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.813047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Oridonin (Ori) is a diterpene compound that has multiple biological properties. Here, our study was conducted to observe the therapeutic effect of Ori on depression as well as to uncover the mechanism. Methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced depression models were established both in C57BL/6 mice and primary astrocytes, which were treated with Ori, autophagy agonist Rapamycin (Rap) and autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA). The depressive-like behaviors were assessed with behavioral tests. Autophagy was evaluated in the hippocampus and astrocytes by investigating autophagosomes under transmission electron microscope (TEM) and detecting LC3II/I, Beclin1 and P62 through western blotting. Astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was investigated by immunofluorescence. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was evaluated by detecting IL-1β, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation was quantified via DCFH-DA probe. Autolysosomes, autophagosomes and mitophagy were separately observed through mTag-Wasabi-LC3 plasmid, MitoTracker Deep Red staining, and TEM. Results: Our results showed that Ori administration alleviated LPS-induced depressive-like behaviors and increased GFAP expression in the hippocampus. Furthermore, Ori treatment promoted autophagy activation and cell viability as well as weakened NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ROS accumulation both in LPS-induced mice and astrocytes. Ori promoted the autophagic flux unblocked through enhancing fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes as well as enhanced mitophagy in LPS-treated astrocytes. The therapeutic effect of Ori was enhanced by Rap and weakened by 3-MA. Conclusion: Collectively, our findings provided a promising antidepressant drug and uncovered that Ori alleviated LPS-induced depression by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome through activation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuehua Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Nursing Faculty, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Meiyuan Fu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Yiling Wu
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Hospital of Jinhua, Jinhua, China
| | - Yinger Qiu
- Jinhua Center of Laboratory Animals, Jinhua Municipal Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Jinhua, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jinhua Center of Laboratory Animals, Jinhua Municipal Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Jinhua, China
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, China
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12
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Antonella C, Sandro M, Vincenzo C, Martina S, Alessandra E, Gennaro N, Eduardo N, Elena P, Teresa PM, Maria DR, Elvira DL, Cristina SN, Luis MD. Fluoxetine ameliorates Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA. Mol Ther 2022; 30:1432-1450. [PMID: 35121108 PMCID: PMC9077373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS-IIIA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in SGSH involved in the degradation of heparan sulfate. MPS-IIIA presents severe neurological symptoms such as progressive developmental delay and cognitive decline, for which there is currently no treatment. Brain targeting represents the main challenge for therapeutics to treat MPS-IIIA, and the development of small-molecule-based treatments able to reach the CNS could be a relevant advance for therapy. Using cell-based high content imaging to survey clinically approved drugs in MPS-IIIA cells, we identified fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Fluoxetine increases lysosomal and autophagic functions via TFEB activation through a RagC-dependent mechanism. Mechanistically, fluoxetine increases lysosomal exocytosis in mouse embryonic fibroblasts from MPS-IIIA mice, suggesting that this process may be responsible for heparan sulfate clearance. In vivo, fluoxetine ameliorates somatic and brain pathology in a mouse model of MPS-IIIA by decreasing the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and aggregated autophagic substrates, reducing inflammation, and slowing down cognitive deterioration. We repurposed fluoxetine for potential therapeutics to treat human MPS-IIIA disease.
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13
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Baú-Carneiro JL, Akemi Guirao Sumida I, Gallon M, Zaleski T, Boia-Ferreira M, Bridi Cavassin F. Sertraline repositioning: an overview of its potential use as a chemotherapeutic agent after four decades of tumor reversal studies. Transl Oncol 2021; 16:101303. [PMID: 34911014 PMCID: PMC8681026 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirteen different neoplasms were shown to be susceptible to the antidepressant drug sertraline. The mechanisms of action through which sertraline can kill tumor cells are apoptosis, autophagy, and drug synergism. Sertraline inhibits TCTP, a tumor protein involved in cell survival pathways, responsible for reducing p53 levels. The testing of sertraline in vitro and in vivo resulted in reduced cell counting, shrinking of tumoral masses and increased survival rates. Dose extrapolation from animals to humans has shown a therapeutic index of sertraline that could support future clinical trials.
Sertraline hydrochloride is a first-line antidepressant with potential antineoplastic properties because of its structural similarity with other drugs capable to inhibit the translation-controlled tumor protein (TCTP), a biomolecule involved in cell proliferation. Recent studies suggest it could be repositioned for cancer treatment. In this review, we systematically map the findings that repurpose sertraline as an antitumoral agent, including the mechanisms of action that support this hypotesis. From experimental in vivo and in vitro tumor models of thirteen different types of neoplasms, three mechanisms of action are proposed: apoptosis, autophagy, and drug synergism. The antidepressant is able to inhibit TCTP, modulate chemotherapeutical resistance and exhibit proper cytotoxicity, resulting in reduced cell counting (in vitro) and shrunken tumor masses (in vivo). A mathematical equation determined possible doses to be used in human beings, supporting that sertraline could be explored in clinical trials as a TCTP-inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Luiz Baú-Carneiro
- Medical School Undergraduate Program, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil
| | | | - Malu Gallon
- Medical School Undergraduate Program, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Tânia Zaleski
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe (FPP), Curitiba, Brazil; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Paraná (UNESPAR), Paranaguá, Brazil; Post Graduate Program of National Network's in Education, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marianna Boia-Ferreira
- Postdoctoral Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Rein T. Harnessing autophagy to fight SARS-CoV-2: An update in view of recent drug development efforts. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:155-160. [PMID: 34668225 PMCID: PMC9088732 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is an attractive option for identifying new treatment strategies, in particular in extraordinary situations of urgent need such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic. Recently, the World Health Organization announced testing of three drugs as potential Covid-19 therapeutics that are known for their dampening effect on the immune system. Thus, the underlying concept of selecting these drugs is to temper the potentially life-threatening overshooting of the immune system reacting to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This viewpoint discusses the possibility that the impact of these and other drugs on autophagy contributes to their therapeutic effect by hampering the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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15
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Sierra-Fonseca JA, Rodriguez M, Themann A, Lira O, Flores-Ramirez FJ, Vargas-Medrano J, Gadad BS, Iñiguez SD. Autophagy Induction and Accumulation of Phosphorylated Tau in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Adult C57BL/6 Mice Subjected to Adolescent Fluoxetine Treatment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1691-1702. [PMID: 34420960 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fluoxetine (FLX) represents the antidepressant of choice for the management of pediatric mood-related illnesses. Accumulating preclinical evidence suggests that ontogenic FLX exposure leads to deregulated affect-related phenotypes in adulthood. Mood-related symptomatology constitutes a risk-factor for various neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), making it possible for juvenile FLX history to exacerbate the development of neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE Because AD is characterized by the pathological accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau, which can result from impaired function of protein degradation pathways, such as autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), we evaluated the long-term effects of adolescent FLX exposure on these pathways, using mice as a model system. METHODS We subjected C57BL/6 adolescent male mice to FLX (20 mg/kg/day) from postnatal day (PD) 35 to PD49. Twenty-one days after the last FLX injection (i.e., adulthood; PD70), mice were euthanized and, using immunoblotting analysis, we evaluated protein markers of autophagy (Beclin-1, LC3-II, p62) and the UPS (K48-pUb), as well as AD-associated forms of phosphorylated tau, within the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Juvenile FLX pre-exposure mediated long-term changes in the expression of protein markers (increased LC3-II and decreased p62) that is consistent with autophagy activation, particularly in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, FLX history induced persistent accumulation of AD-associated variants of tau in both the hippocampus and prefrontal cortexConclusion: Adolescent FLX treatment may have enduring effects in the neuronal protein degradation machinery, which could adversely influence clearance of abnormal proteins, potentially predisposing individuals to developing AD in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Minerva Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anapaula Themann
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Omar Lira
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | | | - Javier Vargas-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Bharathi S Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Sergio D Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
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16
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Wang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Xin Y, Zhang J, Yang Z, Liu C. Hyperforin alleviates the psychiatric disorders of adult rats suffered from early maternal separation via activating autophagy. Neurosci Lett 2021; 750:135750. [PMID: 33610670 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Rodent animals exposed to early maternal separation (EMS) show abnormal behaviors. Our previous study reported that autophagy is inhibited in the hippocampus of EMS rats, and hyperforin (HYP) alleviates depressive-like and anxious-like behaviors induced by EMS. However, the underlying mechanism of HYP is still unclear. In this study, we tested whether HYP alleviates the psychiatric disorders of EMS rats via activating autophagy. Pups were randomly divided into the control (CON) group, the EMS group, the EMS +3 mg/kg/day HYP (EMS + HYP) group and the EMS + treatment with 3 mg/kg/day fluoxetine (EMS + FT) group. Pups were separated from their mothers for 6 h every day from postnatal day 1 (PD1) to PD21 except pups of the CON group. Besides, HYP and FT were administered from PD22 to PD35 in the EMS + HYP group and the EMS + FT group respectively. Data showed that HYP not only reduced the level of glutamate, decreased the expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subunit 2B and postsynaptic density-95, but also increased the expression of synaptophysin of EMS rats. Interestingly, the expression of beclin-1 and the ratio of LC3II/LC3I were up-regulated in the EMS + HYP group. Moreover, HYP reduced the expression of the Notch1 receptor and the acetylation of H3K9 of EMS rats. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that HYP ameliorates the depressive-like and anxious-like behaviors via activating autophagy in the hippocampus of EMS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shaofan Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jinyue Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Chunhua Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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Sheikhpour M. The Current Recommended Drugs and Strategies for the Treatment of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Ther Clin Risk Manag 2020; 16:933-946. [PMID: 33116543 PMCID: PMC7548336 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s262936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been known as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) worldwide. The drugs currently used for treatment of COVID-19 are often selected and tested based on their effectiveness in other diseases such as influenza and AIDS and their major identified targets are viral protease, host cell produced protease, viral RNA polymerase, and the interaction site of viral protein with host cell receptors. Until now, there are no approved therapeutic drugs for definitive treatment of this dangerous disease. METHODS In this article, all of the documentary information, such as clinical trials, original research and reviews, government's database, and treatment guidelines, were reviewed critically and comprehensively. Moreover, it was attempted to present the most common and effective drugs and strategies, to suggest the possible treatment way of COVID19 by focusing on the body's defense mechanism against pathogens. RESULTS Antiviral drugs and immune-modulatory agents with the traditional medicines using the natural compound are usual accessible treatments. Accordingly, they have better beneficence due to the large existence studies, long time follow-ups, proximity to the natural system, and the normal physiological routine of the pathogen and host interactions. Besides, the serotonergic and dopaminergic pathways are considered as attractive targets to treat human immune, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Fluoxetine, as a host-targeted small molecule with immunomodulatory action, may be known as effective drug for treatment and prevention of COVID19 disease, in combination with antiviral drugs and natural compounds. CONCLUSION Co-administration of fluoxetine in the treatment of COVID19 could be considered due to the possibility of its interaction with ACE2 receptors, immune-modulatory function, and a proper immune response at the right time. Fluoxetine plays a beneficial role in reducing stress due to fear of infecting by COVID19 or worsening the disease and psychological support for the affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Pierone BC, Pereira CA, Garcez ML, Kaster MP. Stress and signaling pathways regulating autophagy: From behavioral models to psychiatric disorders. Exp Neurol 2020; 334:113485. [PMID: 32987001 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a process of degradation and recycling of cytoplasmatic components by the lysosomes. In the central nervous system (CNS), autophagy is involved in cell surveillance, neuroinflammation, and neuroplasticity. Neuropsychiatric conditions are associated with functional disturbances at molecular and cellular levels, causing significant impairments in cell homeostasis. Additionally, emerging evidence supports that dysfunctions in autophagy contribute to the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. However, the studies on autophagy in psychiatric disorders are highly heterogeneous and have several limitations, mainly to assess causality and determine the autophagy flux in animals and human samples. Besides, the role of this mechanism in non-neuronal cells in the CNS is only recently being explored. Thus, this review summarizes and discusses the changes in the autophagy pathway in animal models of psychiatric disorders and the limitations underlying the significant findings. Moreover, we compared these findings with clinical studies. Understanding the involvement of autophagy in psychiatric conditions, and the limitation of our current models may contribute to the development of more effective research approaches and possibly pharmacological therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Pierone
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Caibe A Pereira
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Michelle L Garcez
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Manuella P Kaster
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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19
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Schmidt U, Rein T. Novel treatment targets for COVID-19: Contribution from molecular psychiatry. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:572-575. [PMID: 32619139 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1779344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Schmidt
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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20
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Zhang G, Xu S, Yuan Z, Shen L. Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis Identifies Specific Modules and Hub Genes Related to Major Depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:703-713. [PMID: 32214815 PMCID: PMC7079285 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s244452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite advances in characterizing the neurobiology of emotional disorders, there is still a significant lack of scientific understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms governing major depressive disorder (MDD). This study attempted to elucidate the molecular circuitry of MDD and to identify more potential genes associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Microarray data from the GSE98793 dataset were downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, including 128 patients with MDD and 64 healthy controls. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to find modules of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with high correlations followed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses to obtain further biological insight into the top three key modules. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the modules from the PPI network, and the gene annotation enrichment of modules were analyzed, as well. RESULTS We filtered 3276 genes that were considered significant DEGs for further WGCNA analysis. By performing WGCNA, we found that the turquoise, blue and brown functional modules were all strongly correlated with MDD development, including immune response, neutrophil degranulation, ribosome biogenesis, T cell activation, glycosaminoglycan biosynthetic process, and protein serine/threonine kinase activator activity. Hub genes were identified in the key functional modules that might have a role in the progression of MDD. Functional annotation showed that these modules primarily enriched such KEGG pathways as the TNF signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, primary immunodeficiency, Th1, Th2 and Th17 cell differentiation, autophagy and RNA degradation and oxidative phosphorylation. These results suggest that these genes are closely related to autophagy and cellular immune function. CONCLUSION The results of this study may help to elucidate the pathophysiology of MDD development at the molecular level and explore the potential molecular mechanisms for new interventional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyin Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Shixin Xu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Traditional Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome; Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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21
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Dong S, Xiao Y, Ma X, He W, Kang J, Peng Z, Wang L, Li Z. miR-193b Increases the Chemosensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells by Promoting FEN1-Mediated Autophagy. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:10089-10098. [PMID: 31819503 PMCID: PMC6878930 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s219977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is one of the most common malignant bone tumors and specific microRNAs (miRNAs) are closely associated with malignant OS progression. In this study, we examined the role of microRNA-193b-3p (miR-193b) and the involvement of autophagy and apoptosis in the chemosensitivity of OS cells. Methods We employed qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry to examine the expression levels of miR-193b, flap endonuclease 1 (FEN1), and autophagy-related proteins. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using an Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed the relationship between miR-193b and FEN1. Results miR-193b was downregulated in OS compared to adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). miR-193b overexpression in the OS cell lines induced autophagy and apoptosis, as shown by Western blotting and flow cytometry. Knockdown of FEN1, a structure-specific nuclease overexpressed in OS tissues (p < 0.001), induced apoptosis through activation of autophagy. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that FEN1 is a direct target of miR-193b, FEN1 knockdown reinforced miR-193b induced apoptosis. Moreover, miR-193b expression enhanced epirubicin-induced autophagy and apoptosis. Conclusion Collectively, the results showed that miR-193b/FEN1 may serve as a novel therapeutic target for OS aimed mainly at the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. The miR-193b/FEN1 axis increased the chemosensitivity of OS cells, while activation of autophagy enhanced the anticancer effects of epirubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanbin Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei He
- Medical Services Section, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Kang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuohui Peng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cancer Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
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22
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The effect of fluoxetine on astrocyte autophagy flux and injured mitochondria clearance in a mouse model of depression. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:577. [PMID: 31371719 PMCID: PMC6675792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although multiple hypotheses had been proposed to clarify the causes of depression, the accurate pathogenesis and effective treatment of depression still need to be solved. Pathological change of astrocytes has been recognized to play a pivotal role in depression. Fluoxetine is the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, however, the underlying mechanisms of fluoxetine are incompletely excavated. Emerging evidence shows that fluoxetine promotes autophagic processes in tumor cells. However, whether astrocytic autophagy gets involved in the cytoprotection of fluoxetine on astrocytes in depression treatment remains unexplored. Here we prepared chronic mild stress (CMS)-induced mouse model and treated mice with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks to determine the correlation between proautophagic effect of fluoxetine and astrocyte protection in depression. Primary hippocampal astrocytes were cultured to investigate the potential mechanism of fluoxetine in regulating astrocyte autophagy. We found that fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) treatment promoted autophagosome formation and increased clearance of injured mitochondria, consequently protected astrocytes in CMS model mice. Fluoxetine (10 μM) could also promote the autophagic flux unblocked via enhancing fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in primary astrocytes. Moreover, fluoxetine promoted mitophagy by increased colocalization of autophagosomes and mitochondria, eliminating damaged mitochondria in corticosterone-treated astrocytes. Further in vitro study showed that p53 presence is required for fluoxetine activated autophagy flux and fluoxetine promotes astrocytic autophagy in a p53-dependent mechanism. Collectively, this work gives us insights into a novel approach to treat depression depending on astrocytes, and provides a promising molecular target for the development of antidepressant drugs besides regulating neurotransmitters.
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23
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Special Issue on "Proteostasis and Autophagy". Cells 2019; 8:cells8070642. [PMID: 31247988 PMCID: PMC6678587 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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He S, Zeng D, Xu F, Zhang J, Zhao N, Wang Q, Shi J, Lin Z, Yu W, Li H. Baseline Serum Levels of Beclin-1, but Not Inflammatory Factors, May Predict Antidepressant Treatment Response in Chinese Han Patients With MDD: A Preliminary Study. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 31244689 PMCID: PMC6563849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the choice of medical treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD) is primarily based on a trial-and-error process. Thus, identification of individual factors capable of predicting treatment response is of great clinical relevance. Recent work points towards beclin-1 and inflammatory factors as potential biomarkers of antidepressant treatment response. The primary aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-treatment serum levels of beclin-1 and inflammatory factors could predict antidepressant treatment response in Chinese Han patients with MDD. Forty patients with MDD were treated with either a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) (paroxetine in 20 cases) or a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) (duloxetine in 13 cases and venlafaxine in 7 cases). Depression scores and serum levels of beclin-1 were measured at the baseline and after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-1B, and IL-6 levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits at the baseline. Twenty-seven patients were identified as treatment responders, whereas 13 were identified as non-responders after 8 weeks of antidepressant treatment. Baseline serum beclin-1 levels were significantly higher in non-responders than in responders (p = 0.001), whereas no differences were found in baseline serum CRP, IL-1B, or IL-6 levels between responders and non-responders. There were no significant correlations between baseline levels of beclin-1 and baseline IL-1β, IL-6, and CRP levels-neither in the total sample nor in responder and non-responder groups. Moreover, logistic regression models and a random forest model showed that baseline serum beclin-1, but not inflammatory factors, was an independent and the most important predictor for antidepressant treatment response. Furthermore, serum beclin-1 levels were significantly increased in responders (p = 0.027) but not in non-responders after 8 weeks of treatment (p = 0.221). Baseline serum beclin-1 levels may be a predictive biomarker of antidepressant response in patients with MDD. Moreover, beclin-1 may be involved in the therapeutic effect of antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen He
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feikang Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Nan Zhao
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gassen NC, Rein T. Is There a Role of Autophagy in Depression and Antidepressant Action? Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:337. [PMID: 31156481 PMCID: PMC6529564 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy has been recognized as evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway that ensures energy, organelle, and protein homeostasis through lysosomal degradation of damaged macromolecules and organelles. It is activated under various stress situations, e.g., food deprivation or proteotoxic conditions. Autophagy has been linked to several diseases, more recently also including stress-related diseases such as depression. A growing number of publications report on the role of autophagy in neurons, also referred to as "neuronal autophagy" on the one hand, and several studies describe effects of antidepressants-or of compounds that exert antidepressant-like actions-on autophagy on the other hand. This minireview highlights the emerging evidence for the involvement of autophagy in the pathology and treatment of depression and discusses current limitations as well as potential avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils C Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bonn Clinical Center, Bonn, Germany.,Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Theo Rein
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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