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Zeber-Lubecka N, Ciebiera M, Hennig EE. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Oxidative Stress-From Bench to Bedside. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14126. [PMID: 37762427 PMCID: PMC10531631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is a condition that occurs as a result of an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body's ability to detoxify and neutralize them. It can play a role in a variety of reproductive system conditions, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, preeclampsia, and infertility. In this review, we briefly discuss the links between oxidative stress and PCOS. Mitochondrial mutations may lead to impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, and an increased production of ROS. These functional consequences may contribute to the metabolic and hormonal dysregulation observed in PCOS. Studies have shown that OS negatively affects ovarian follicles and disrupts normal follicular development and maturation. Excessive ROS may damage oocytes and granulosa cells within the follicles, impairing their quality and compromising fertility. Impaired OXPHOS and mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to insulin resistance (IR) by disrupting insulin signaling pathways and impairing glucose metabolism. Due to dysfunctional OXPHOS, reduced ATP production, may hinder insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, leading to IR. Hyperandrogenism promotes inflammation and IR, both of which can increase the production of ROS and lead to OS. A detrimental feedback loop ensues as IR escalates, causing elevated insulin levels that exacerbate OS. Exploring the relations between OS and PCOS is crucial to fully understand the role of OS in the pathophysiology of PCOS and to develop effective treatment strategies to improve the quality of life of women affected by this condition. The role of antioxidants as potential therapies is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Zeber-Lubecka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Ciebiera
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Warsaw Institute of Women’s Health, 00-189 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa E. Hennig
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Genetics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Prodhan MA, Widmer M, Kinene T, Kehoe M. Whole mitochondrial genomes reveal the relatedness of the browsing ant incursions in Australia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10273. [PMID: 37355692 PMCID: PMC10290700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37425-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Global trade and human movements outspread animal species, for example ants, from their native habitats to new areas. This causes biosecurity concerns because an exotic ant might have adverse impacts on agriculture, the environment, or health; thus, incurring economic losses. The browsing ant, Lepisiota frauenfeldi, was first detected in 2013 at the Perth Airport. Since then, more discrete browsing ant infestations have been found in Perth and at the Ports of Darwin and Brisbane. This exotic ant has been deemed a significant pest in Australia and eradication efforts are underway. However, tackling this invasion requires an understanding of how these infestations are related. Are they same or separate or a combination of both? Here, we carried out a phylogenetic analysis using high-throughput sequencing data to determine their relatedness. Our results showed that each interstate incursion was separate. Furthermore, the Western Australian incursions might have two introductions. These findings are critical in devising effective biosecurity measures. However, we discovered that this information could only be revealed by analysing the whole mitochondrial genome; not by a single mitochondrial gene as typically done for species identification. Here, we sequenced 51 whole mitogenomes including three of its congener L. incisa for the first time, for tracing future infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Asaduzzaman Prodhan
- DPIRD Diagnostics and Laboratory Services, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.
| | - Marc Widmer
- DPIRD Diagnostics and Laboratory Services, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Tonny Kinene
- DPIRD Diagnostics and Laboratory Services, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia
| | - Monica Kehoe
- DPIRD Diagnostics and Laboratory Services, Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6151, Australia.
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3
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Kimsis J, Petersone-Gordina E, Poksane A, Vilcāne A, Moore J, Gerhards G, Ranka R. Application of natural sciences methodology in archaeological study of Iron Age burials in Latvia: pilot study. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2023; 19:8-15. [PMID: 36348137 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-022-00553-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Natural sciences provide several modern methodologies that could be successfully applied in archaeological studies. In this pilot study, archaeological human remains from two Iron Age cemeteries (7th-twelfth centuries AD), Lejasbitēni and Čunkāni-Dreņģeri, which are located in different regions of Latvia, were studied. We applied ancient DNA (aDNA) and tooth enamel peptide analysis to determine the biological sex of the individuals. In addition, aDNA analysis was used to perform mtDNA haplogroup analysis. In most cases, the results of aDNA analysis regarding the biological sex of individuals coincided with the gender assigned based on grave orientation and grave goods. The results of sex determination using peptide analysis in all four individuals for whom data were available matched the possible gender. Of the 17 samples that had sufficient DNA for sequencing, seven samples had enough reads to perform mtDNA haplogroup analysis. The H2a2a, I4a1, H2a2a1, and H16c mtDNA haplogroups were identified in the individuals from the Lejasbitēni cemetery, while the T2b and K1a + 150 mtDNA haplogroups were identified in the individuals from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri cemetery. Overall, the obtained results demonstrated the feasibility of applying aDNA and tooth enamel peptide analysis for biological sex determination within archaeological studies. The availability of human aDNA data will be highly useful for investigating the demographic history and social structures in Iron Age Latvia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis Kimsis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Alise Poksane
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - Antonija Vilcāne
- Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Joanna Moore
- Department of Archaeology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Guntis Gerhards
- Institute of Latvian History, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Renate Ranka
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia.
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4
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Museomics Provides Insights into Conservation and Education: The Instance of an African Lion Specimen from the Museum of Zoology “Pietro Doderlein”. DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Innovative technological approaches are crucial to enhance naturalistic museum collections and develop information repositories of relevant interest to science, such as threatened animal taxa. In this context, museomics is an emerging discipline that provides a novel approach to the enhancement and exploitation of these collections. In the present study, the discovery of a neglected lion skeleton in the Museum of Zoology “Pietro Doderlein” of the University of Palermo (Italy) offered the opportunity to undertake a multidisciplinary project. The aims of the study consisted of the following: (i) adding useful information for museographic strategies, (ii) obtaining a new genetic data repository from a vulnerable species, (iii) strengthening public awareness of wildlife conservation, and (iv) sharing new learning material. The remains of the lion were examined with a preliminary osteological survey, then they were restored by means of 3D printing of missing skeletal fragments. Phylogenetic analyses based on cytochrome b sequence clearly indicate that the specimen belongs to the Central Africa mitochondrial clade. At the end of the study, the complete and restored skeleton was exhibited, along with all of the information and data available from this project. This study shows a useful approach for the restoration and enhancement of a museum specimen, with important opportunities for preserving biodiversity and driving specific conservation policies, but also for providing Life Science learning material.
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5
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Sullivan JP, Hopkins CD, Pirro S, Peterson R, Chakona A, Mutizwa TI, Mukweze Mulelenu C, Alqahtani FH, Vreven E, Dillman CB. Mitogenome recovered from a 19 th Century holotype by shotgun sequencing supplies a generic name for an orphaned clade of African weakly electric fishes (Osteoglossomorpha, Mormyridae). Zookeys 2022; 1129:163-196. [PMID: 36761845 PMCID: PMC9836601 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1129.90287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heteromormyrus Steindachner, 1866, a genus of Mormyridae (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha), has been monotypic since the description of Heteromormyruspauciradiatus (Steindacher, 1866) from a single specimen. No type locality other than "Angola" was given and almost no specimens have been subsequently identified to this species. In order to investigate the relationship of this taxon to fresh specimens collected in Angola and elsewhere, whole genome paired-end sequencing of DNA extracted from the holotype specimen of Heteromormyruspauciradiatus was performed and a nearly complete mitogenome assembled from the sequences obtained. Comparison of cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b sequences from this mitogenome to sequences from recently collected material reveal that Heteromormyruspauciradiatus is closely related to specimens identified as Hippopotamyrusansorgii (Boulenger, 1905), Hippopotamyrusszaboi Kramer, van der Bank & Wink, 2004, Hippopotamyruslongilateralis Kramer & Swartz, 2010, as well as to several undescribed forms from subequatorial Africa collectively referred to in the literature as the "Hippopotamyrusansorgii species complex" and colloquially known as "slender stonebashers." Previous molecular phylogenetic work has shown that these species are not close relatives of Hippopotamyruscastor Pappenheim, 1906, the type species of genus Hippopotamyrus Pappenheim, 1906 from Cameroon, and are thus misclassified. Hippopotamyrusansorgii species complex taxa and another species shown to have been misclassified, Paramormyropstavernei (Poll, 1972), are placed in genus Heteromormyrus and one genetic lineage from the Kwanza and Lucala rivers of Angola are identified as conspecific Heteromormyruspauciradiatus. Three additional new combinations and a synonymy in Mormyridae are introduced. The morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of the genus Heteromormyrus are reviewed. The electric organ discharges (EODs) of Heteromormyrus species are to be treated in a separate study.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Sullivan
- National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA,Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Carl D. Hopkins
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Ithaca, New York, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | | | - Rose Peterson
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Albert Chakona
- NRF-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa,Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Tadiwa I. Mutizwa
- NRF-South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, South Africa,Department of Ichthyology and Fisheries Science, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa
| | - Christian Mukweze Mulelenu
- Département de Zootechnie, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université de Kolwezi, Kolwezi, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Département de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles Renouvelables, Unité de recherche en Biodiversité et Exploitation durable des Zones Humides, Université de Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo,Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium,Zoology Department, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Fahad H. Alqahtani
- National Centre for Bioinformatics, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Vreven
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Katholieke Universiteit, Leuven, Belgium,Zoology Department, Ichthyology, Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium
| | - Casey B. Dillman
- Cornell University Museum of Vertebrates, Ithaca, New York, USA,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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6
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Sehrawat JS, Agrawal S, Sankhyan D, Singh M, Kumar S, Prakash S, Rajpal R, Chaubey G, Thangaraj K, Rai N. Pinpointing the Geographic Origin of 165-Year-Old Human Skeletal Remains Found in Punjab, India: Evidence From Mitochondrial DNA and Stable Isotope Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:813934. [PMID: 35571044 PMCID: PMC9095824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.813934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, 157 years after the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, several unidentified human skeletons were discovered in an abandoned well at Ajnala, Punjab. The most prevailing hypothesis suggested them as Indian soldiers who mutinied during the Indian uprising of 1857. However, there is an intense debate on their geographic affinity. Therefore, to pinpoint their area of origin, we have successfully isolated DNA from cementum-rich material of 50 good-quality random teeth samples and analyzed mtDNA haplogroups. In addition to that, we analyzed 85 individuals for oxygen isotopes (δ18O values). The mtDNA haplogroup distribution and clustering pattern rejected the local ancestry and indicated their genetic link with the populations living east of Punjab. In addition, the oxygen isotope analysis (δ18O values) from archaeological skeletal remains corroborated the molecular data and suggested the closest possible geographical affinity of these skeletal remains toward the eastern part of India, largely covering the Gangetic plain region. The data generated from this study are expected to expand our understanding of the ancestry and population affinity of martyr soldiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Sehrawat
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Deeksha Sankhyan
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Monika Singh
- Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Satya Prakash
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Richa Rajpal
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Gyaneshwer Chaubey
- Cytogenetic Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Kumarasamy Thangaraj
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India.,Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India
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7
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Hekkala ER, Colten R, Cunningham SW, Smith O, Ikram S. Using Mitogenomes to Explore the Social and Ecological Contexts of Crocodile Mummification in Ancient Egypt. BULLETIN OF THE PEABODY MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 2022. [DOI: 10.3374/014.063.0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evon R. Hekkala
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458 USA —
| | - Roger Colten
- Division of Anthropology, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520–8118 USA
| | - Seth W. Cunningham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Bronx, NY 10458 USA
| | - Oliver Smith
- Micropathology, Ltd., University of Warwick Science Park, Coventry, CV4 7EZ, United Kingdom
| | - Salima Ikram
- Department of Sociology, Egyptology, and Anthropology, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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8
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McElhoe JA, Wilton PR, Parson W, Holland MM. Exploring statistical weight estimates for mitochondrial DNA matches involving heteroplasmy. Int J Legal Med 2022; 136:671-685. [PMID: 35243529 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-022-02774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) of mitochondrial (mt) DNA allows forensic laboratories to report heteroplasmy on a routine basis. Statistical approaches will be needed to determine the relative frequency of observing an mtDNA haplotype when including the presence of a heteroplasmic site. Here, we examined 1301 control region (CR) sequences, collected from individuals in four major population groups (European, African, Asian, and Latino), and covering 24 geographically distributed haplogroups, to assess the rates of point heteroplasmy (PHP) on an individual and nucleotide position (np) basis. With a minor allele frequency (MAF) threshold of 2%, the data was similar across population groups, with an overall PHP rate of 37.7%, and the majority of heteroplasmic individuals (77.3%) having only one site of heteroplasmy. The majority (75.2%) of identified PHPs had an MAF of 2-10%, and were observed at 12.6% of the nps across the CR. Both the broad and phylogenetic testing suggested that in many cases the low number of observations of heteroplasmy at any one np results in a lack of statistical association. The posterior frequency estimates, which skew conservative to a degree depending on the sample size in a given haplogroup, had a mean of 0.152 (SD 0.134) and ranged from 0.031 to 0.83. As expected, posterior frequency estimates decreased in accordance with 1/n as the sample size (n) increased. This provides a proposed conservative statistical framework for assessing haplotype/heteroplasmy matches when applying an MPS technique in forensic cases and will allow for continual refinement as more data is generated, both within the CR and across the mitochondrial genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A McElhoe
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 014 Thomas Building, State College, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Peter R Wilton
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- 23andMe Inc, Sunnyvale, CA, 94086, USA
| | - Walther Parson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 014 Thomas Building, State College, PA, 16802, USA
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstraße 44, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mitchell M Holland
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, 014 Thomas Building, State College, PA, 16802, USA
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9
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Wang Z, Tan J, Long Y, Liu Y, Lei W, Cai J, Yang Y, Liu Z. SaAlign: Multiple DNA/RNA Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Tree Construction Tool for Ultra-large Datasets and Ultra-long Sequences Based on Suffix Array. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:1487-1493. [PMID: 35422971 PMCID: PMC8976100 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple DNA/RNA sequence alignment is an important fundamental tool in bioinformatics, especially for phylogenetic tree construction. With DNA-sequencing improvements, the amount of bioinformatics data is constantly increasing, and various tools need to be iterated constantly. Mitochondrial genome analyses of multiple individuals and species require bioinformatics software; therefore, their performances need to be optimized. To improve the alignment of ultra-large datasets and ultra-long sequences, we optimized a dynamic programming algorithm using longest common substring methods. Ultra-large test DNA datasets, containing sequences of different lengths, some over 300 kb (kilobase), revealed that the Multiple DNA/RNA Sequence Alignment Tool Based on Suffix Tree (SaAlign) saved time and computational space. It outperformed the existing technical tools, including MAFFT and HAlign-II. For mitochondrial genome datasets having limited numbers of sequences, MAFFT performed the required tasks, but it could not handle ultra-large mitochondrial genome datasets for core dump error. We implement a multiple DNA/RNA sequence alignment tool based on Center Star strategy and use suffix array algorithm to optimize the spatial and time efficiency. Nowadays, whole-genome research and NGS technology are becoming more popular, and it is necessary to save computational resources for laboratories. That software is of great significance in these aspects, especially in the study of the whole-mitochondrial genome of plants.
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10
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Emser SV, Schaschl H, Millesi E, Steinborn R. Extension of Mitogenome Enrichment Based on Single Long-Range PCR: mtDNAs and Putative Mitochondrial-Derived Peptides of Five Rodent Hibernators. Front Genet 2021; 12:685806. [PMID: 35027919 PMCID: PMC8749263 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.685806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enriching mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for sequencing entire mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can be achieved by single long-range PCR. This avoids interference from the omnipresent nuclear mtDNA sequences (NUMTs). The approach is currently restricted to the use of samples collected from humans and ray-finned fishes. Here, we extended the use of single long-range PCR by introducing back-to-back oligonucleotides that target a sequence of extraordinary homology across vertebrates. The assay was applied to five hibernating rodents, namely alpine marmot, Arctic and European ground squirrels, and common and garden dormice, four of which have not been fully sequenced before. Analysis of the novel mitogenomes focussed on the prediction of mitochondrial-derived peptides (MDPs) providing another level of information encoded by mtDNA. The comparison of MOTS-c, SHLP4 and SHLP6 sequences across vertebrate species identified segments of high homology that argue for future experimentation. In addition, we evaluated four candidate polymorphisms replacing an amino acid in mitochondrially encoded subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system that were reported in relation to cold-adaptation. No obvious pattern was found for the diverse sets of mammalian species that either apply daily or multiday torpor or otherwise cope with cold. In summary, our single long-range PCR assay applying a pair of back-to-back primers that target a consensus sequence motif of Vertebrata has potential to amplify (intact) mitochondrial rings present in templates from a taxonomically diverse range of vertebrates. It could be promising for studying novel mitogenomes, mitotypes of a population and mitochondrial heteroplasmy in a sensitive, straightforward and flexible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah V. Emser
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Schaschl
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Millesi
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ralf Steinborn
- Genomics Core Facility, VetCore, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wurst C, Maixner F, Castella V, Cipollini G, Hotz G, Zink A. The Lady from Basel's Barfüsserkirche - Molecular confirmation of the Mummy's identity through mitochondrial DNA of living relatives spanning 22 generations. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2021; 56:102604. [PMID: 34656830 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2021.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The identity of the mummified Lady from the Barfüsser Church in Basel, Switzerland has been unsolved for decades, despite the prominent location of the burial place in front of the choir screen. A recent multidisciplinary research approach came up with a possible candidate, Anna Catharina Bischoff who died in Basel in 1787 with an age of 69 years (1719-1787). To verify the identity of the mummy, genealogists of the Citizen Science Basel discovered three living individuals of the maternal lineage of two different family branches, separated from Anna Catharina Bischoff by up to 22 generations. In this study we compare the ancient mitochondrial DNA of the mummy recovered from a premolar to the mitochondrial DNA of these three candidates. Initially the mitochondrial hypervariable regions I and II of the living individuals were screened using the Sanger sequencing method. This was followed by a mitochondrial capture approach and next generation sequencing to enrich for the whole mitochondrial genome of the mummy and one living person. A full mitochondrial genome has been recovered of both individuals sharing an identical haplotype. The sequence was assigned to the mitochondrial haplogroup U5a1+!16192 including two private mutations 10006G and 16293C. Only by using an interdisciplinary approach combining ancient DNA analysis and genealogy a maternal lineage of a non-noble family spanning 22 generations could be confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wurst
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen, Bolzano, Italy; Palaeogenetics Group, Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution (iomE), Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Saarstraße 21, 55122 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Frank Maixner
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Vincent Castella
- Forensic Genetics Unit, University Center of Legal Medicine, Lausanne - Geneva, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Ch. de la Vulliette 4, 1000 Lausanne 25, Switzerland
| | - Giovanna Cipollini
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Gerhard Hotz
- Natural History Museum Basel, Augustinergasse 2, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, University of Basel, Bernoullistrasse 32, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Zink
- Institute for Mummy Studies, Eurac Research, Drususallee/Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bozen, Bolzano, Italy
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12
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Pirastru M, Mereu P, Manca L, Bebbere D, Naitana S, Leoni GG. Anthropogenic Drivers Leading to Population Decline and Genetic Preservation of the Eurasian Griffon Vulture ( Gyps fulvus). Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11101038. [PMID: 34685409 PMCID: PMC8540517 DOI: 10.3390/life11101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activities are having increasingly devastating effects on the health of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Studying the adaptive responses of animal species to changes in their habitat can be useful in mitigating this impact. Vultures represent one of the most virtuous examples of adaptation to human-induced environmental changes. Once dependent on wild ungulate populations, these birds have adapted to the epochal change resulting from the birth of agriculture and livestock domestication, maintaining their essential role as ecological scavengers. In this review, we retrace the main splitting events characterising the vultures’ evolution, with particular emphasis on the Eurasian griffon Gyps fulvus. We summarise the main ecological and behavioural traits of this species, highlighting its vulnerability to elements introduced into the habitat by humans. We collected the genetic information available to date, underlining their importance for improving the management of this species, as an essential tool to support restocking practices and to protect the genetic integrity of G. fulvus. Finally, we examine the difficulties in implementing a coordination system that allows genetic information to be effectively transferred into management programs. Until a linking network is established between scientific research and management practices, the risk of losing important wildlife resources remains high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Pirastru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Paolo Mereu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.P.); (L.M.)
| | - Daniela Bebbere
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.B.); (S.N.); (G.G.L.)
| | - Salvatore Naitana
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.B.); (S.N.); (G.G.L.)
| | - Giovanni G. Leoni
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (D.B.); (S.N.); (G.G.L.)
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Rauf S, Zahra N, Malik SS, Zahra SAE, Sughra K, Khan MR. Extraction of Mitochondrial Genome from Whole Genome Next Generation Sequencing Data and Unveiling of Forensically Relevant Markers. RUSS J GENET+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795420080128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Koolkarnkhai P, Intakham C, Sangthong P, Surat W, Wonnapinij P. Portunus pelagicus mtDNA heteroplasmy inheritance and its effect on the use of mtCR and mtCOI sequence data. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2019; 30:848-860. [PMID: 31766903 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2019.1693549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences, especially mitochondrial control region (mtCR) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI), have been widely used in population and evolutionary genetic analyses of metazoan. The presence of mtDNA heteroplasmy - a mixture of mtDNA haplotypes - possibly affects these analyses. This study aimed to reveal mtDNA heteroplasmy in mtCR, mtCOI, and mtND2 (mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2) of Portunus pelagicus, and examine its effect on the use of mtCR and mtCOI sequences. The screening result showed that the probability of observing mtDNA heteroplasmy was approximately 8%. Across the three targeted regions, 92 heteroplasmic variants were observed from seven samples comprising three mothers and four offspring. Most inherited heteroplasmy presented transition and silence mutation. By comparing the proportion of shared variants among maternal relatives to that among non-relatives, the result suggested that most heteroplasmic variants observed in an individual are inherited. Statistical analyses carried out on the inter-generational differences suggested that random drift and purifying selection play roles in determining the offspring's heteroplasmy level. The size of the random shift varies according to the location of variants and the mothers. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the presence of mtDNA heteroplasmy in mtCR and mtCOI does not affect familial and species identification, respectively. This study firstly reported the mtDNA heteroplasmy in P. pelagicus, its inheritance pattern, and its effect on the use of mtDNA sequence data. This basic knowledge would be useful for the study based on mtDNA sequence data, especially in other invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chidchanok Intakham
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pradit Sangthong
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wunrada Surat
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Passorn Wonnapinij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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Evaluation of a Novel Mitochondrial Pan-Mucorales Marker for the Detection, Identification, Quantification, and Growth Stage Determination of Mucormycetes. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040098. [PMID: 31614610 PMCID: PMC6958370 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucormycosis infections are infrequent yet aggressive and serious fungal infections. Early diagnosis of mucormycosis and its discrimination from other fungal infections is required for targeted treatment and more favorable patient outcomes. The majority of the molecular assays use 18 S rDNA. In the current study, we aimed to explore the potential of the mitochondrial rnl (encoding for large-subunit-ribosomal-RNA) gene as a novel molecular marker suitable for research and diagnostics. Rnl was evaluated as a marker for: (1) the Mucorales family, (2) species identification (Rhizopus arrhizus, R. microsporus, Mucor circinelloides, and Lichtheimia species complexes), (3) growth stage, and (4) quantification. Sensitivity, specificity, discriminatory power, the limit of detection (LoD), and cross-reactivity were evaluated. Assays were tested using pure cultures, spiked clinical samples, murine organs, and human paraffin-embedded-tissue (FFPE) samples. Mitochondrial markers were found to be superior to nuclear markers for degraded samples. Rnl outperformed the UMD universal® (Molyzm) marker in FFPE (71.5% positive samples versus 50%). Spiked blood samples highlighted the potential of rnl as a pan-Mucorales screening test. Fungal burden was reproducibly quantified in murine organs using standard curves. Identification of pure cultures gave a perfect (100%) correlation with the detected internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence. In conclusion, mitochondrial genes, such as rnl, provide an alternative to the nuclear 18 S rDNA genes and deserve further evaluation.
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