1
|
Omotoso O, Teibo JO, Atiba FA, Oladimeji T, Paimo OK, Ataya FS, Batiha GES, Alexiou A. Addressing cancer care inequities in sub-Saharan Africa: current challenges and proposed solutions. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:189. [PMID: 37697315 PMCID: PMC10496173 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-01962-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is a significant public health challenge globally, with nearly 2000 lives lost daily in Africa alone. Without adequate measures, mortality rates are likely to increase. The major challenge for cancer care in Africa is equity and prioritization, as cancer is not receiving adequate attention from policy-makers and strategic stakeholders in the healthcare space. This neglect is affecting the three primary tiers of cancer care: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment/management. To promote cancer care equity, addressing issues of equity and prioritization is crucial to ensure that everyone has an equal chance at cancer prevention, early detection, and appropriate care and follow-up treatment. METHODOLOGY Using available literature, we provide an overview of the current state of cancer care in Africa and recommendations to close the gap. RESULTS We highlight several factors that contribute to cancer care inequity in Africa, including inadequate funding for cancer research, poor cancer education or awareness, inadequate screening or diagnostic facilities, lack of a well-organized and effective cancer registry system and access to care, shortage of specialized medical staff, high costs for screening, vaccination, and treatment, lack of technical capacity, poor vaccination response, and/or late presentation of patients for cancer screening. We also provide recommendations to address some of these obstacles to achieving cancer care equity. Our recommendations are divided into national-level initiatives and capacity-based initiatives, including cancer health promotion and awareness by healthcare professionals during every hospital visit, encouraging screening and vaccine uptake, ensuring operational regional and national cancer registries, improving healthcare budgeting for staff, equipment, and facilities, building expertise through specialty training, funding for cancer research, providing insurance coverage for cancer care, and implementing mobile health technology for telemedicine diagnosis. CONCLUSION Addressing challenges to cancer equity holistically would improve the likelihood of longer survival for cancer patients, lower the risk factors for groups that are already at risk, and ensure equitable access to cancer care on the continent. This study identifies the existing stance that African nations have on equity in cancer care, outlines the current constraints, and provides suggestions that could make the biggest difference in attaining equity in cancer care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olabode Omotoso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Oluwafemi Teibo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Festus Adebayo Atiba
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Oluwatomiwa Kehinde Paimo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Farid S Ataya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, 22511, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, NSW, 2770, Hebersham, Australia
- AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boustany Y, Laraqui A, El Zaitouni S, Ghaouti M, Benzekri A, Kettani F, Oukabli M, Ennibi K, Belkadi B, Sekhsokh Y. Advanced Non-small Cell Lung Cancer: EGFR Mutation Analysis Using Pyrosequencing and the Fully Automated qPCR-Based Idylla TM System. Cancer Control 2023; 30:10732748231177538. [PMID: 37196225 DOI: 10.1177/10732748231177538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is of a major clinical significance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) management, as it guides therapeutic decision making to target patients for a better response to therapy. This implicates the introduction of EGFR mutation analysis as the standard of care for Moroccan NSCLC patients, which in itself entails the implementation of targeted methods for routine EGFR mutation analysis in our laboratories. In this study, we aimed to present 2 targeted methods for EGFR mutation identification and to determine the prevalence and spectrum of EGFR mutations in NSCLC Moroccan patients. METHODS A retrospective investigation of a cohort of 340 patients was undertaken to analyze somatic EGFR mutations in exons 18 to 21 using pyrosequencing and the IdyllaTM system. RESULTS Of the enrolled patients, 70.9% were males and 29.1% were females. Predominately, 92% of cases had adenocarcinoma, and 53.7% of patients self-reported a history of smoking. Overall, 73 patients (21.7%) harbored an EGFR mutation, the most prevalent of which were the exon 19 deletions (53.4%) followed by exon 21 substitutions (31%). Exon 18 mutations and exon 20 alterations occurred in 8.1% and 6.7% of the positive EGFR mutation cases, respectively. Of the analyzed cases, all of the EGFR-mutated patients had adenocarcinoma. EGFR mutation prevalence was significantly higher in females (females vs males: 38.4% vs 14.5%, P < .001) and non-smokers (non-smokers vs non-smokers: 36% vs 10.3%, P < .001). The featured pyrosequencing and the IdyllaTM system are targeted methods endowed with high sensitivity and specificity as well as other compelling characteristics which make them great options for routine EGFR mutation testing for advanced NSCLC patients. CONCLUSION These findings underline the imperious need for implementing quick and efficient targeted methods for routine EGFR mutation testing among NSCLC patients, which is particularly useful in determining patients who are more likely to benefit from targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youssra Boustany
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Laraqui
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Sequencing Unit, Virology Laboratory, Virology Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohamed V Military, Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Sara El Zaitouni
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biology of Human Pathologies, Genomic Center of Human Pathologies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Merieme Ghaouti
- Department of Pathology, Nations-Unites Pathology Center, Université Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Asmae Benzekri
- Department of Pathology, Nations-Unites Pathology Center, Université Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Fouad Kettani
- Department of Pathology, Nations-Unites Pathology Center, Université Mohammed V Agdal, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Oukabli
- Anatomopathology Laboratory, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Khalid Ennibi
- Sequencing Unit, Virology Laboratory, Virology Center of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Mohamed V Military, Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Bouchra Belkadi
- Microbiology and Molecular Biology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Yassine Sekhsokh
- Research and Biosafety Laboratory, Mohamed V Military Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Molecular Biology and Therapeutic Perspectives for K-Ras Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174103. [PMID: 36077640 PMCID: PMC9454753 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the most common alterations are identified in the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) gene, accounting for approximately 30% of cases in Caucasian patients. The majority of mutations are located in exon 2, with the c.34G > T (p.G12C) change being the most prevalent. The clinical relevance of KRAS mutations in NSCLC was not recognized until a few years ago. What is now emerging is a dual key role played by KRAS mutations in the management of NSCLC patients. First, recent data report that KRAS-mutant lung AC patients generally have poorer overall survival (OS). Second, a KRAS inhibitor specifically targeting the c.34G > T (p.G12C) variant, Sotorasib, has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and by the European Medicines Agency. Another KRAS inhibitor targeting c.34G > T (p.G12C), Adagrasib, is currently being reviewed by the FDA for accelerated approval. From the description of the biology of KRAS-mutant NSCLC, the present review will focus on the clinical aspects of KRAS mutations in NSCLC, in particular on the emerging efficacy data of Sotorasib and other KRAS inhibitors, including mechanisms of resistance. Finally, the interaction between KRAS mutations and immune checkpoint inhibitors will be discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abdelmaksoud-Dammak R, Ammous-Boukhris N, Saadallah-Kallel A, Charfi S, Khemiri S, Khemakhem R, Kallel N, Ben Kridis-Rejeb W, Sallemi-Boudawara T, Khanfir A, Yangui I, Daoud J, Mokdad-Gargouri R. Predominance of the Rare EGFR Mutation p.L861Q in Tunisian Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13081499. [PMID: 36011410 PMCID: PMC9407939 DOI: 10.3390/genes13081499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Several new cancer therapies targeting signaling pathways involved in the growth and progression of cancer cells were developed as personalized medicine. Our study aimed to identify epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations for TKI treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) Tunisian patients. Methods: Analysis of the TKI sensitivity mutations in exons 18 to 21 of the EGFR gene and exon 15 of the B-raf gene was performed in 79 formalin fixed-paraffin embedded (FFPE) NSCLC samples using pyrosequencing. Results: EGFR mutations were detected in 34 cases among 79 (43%), with the predominance of the L861Q in exon 21 found in 35.3% of the cases (12 out of 34). Deletions in exon 19 were found in 8 cases (23.5%), and only one young male patient had the T790M mutation. Three patients harbored composite EGFR mutations (p.E746_A750del/p.L861R, p.E746_S752>V/p.S768I, and p.G719A/p.L861Q). Furthermore, the EGFR mutated status was significantly more frequent in female patients (p = 0.019), in non-smoker patients (p = 0.008), and in patients with metastasis (p = 0.044). Moreover, the B-raf V600E was identified in 5 EGFR negative patients among 39 analyzed samples (13.15%). Conclusion: The p.L861Q localized in exon 21 of the EGFR gene was the most common mutation identified in our patients (35.3%), whereas the “classic” EGFR mutations such as Del19 and p.L858R were found in 23.5% and 11.7% of the cases, respectively. Interestingly, most of p.L861X mutation-carrying patients showed good response to TKI treatment. Altogether, our findings suggest a particular distribution of the EGFR-TKIs sensitivity mutations in Tunisian NSCLC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Abdelmaksoud-Dammak
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Laboratory of Eucaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, University of Sfax BP K 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Nihel Ammous-Boukhris
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Laboratory of Eucaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, University of Sfax BP K 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Amèna Saadallah-Kallel
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Laboratory of Eucaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, University of Sfax BP K 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
| | - Slim Charfi
- Department of Anatomopathology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia
| | - Souhir Khemiri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia
| | - Rim Khemakhem
- Department of Pneumology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
| | - Nesrin Kallel
- Department of Pneumology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Afef Khanfir
- Department of Medical Oncology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Yangui
- Department of Pneumology, Hedi Chaker Hospital, Sfax 3089, Tunisia
| | - Jamel Daoud
- Department of Radiotherapy, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax 3002, Tunisia
| | - Raja Mokdad-Gargouri
- Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Laboratory of Eucaryotes Molecular Biotechnology, University of Sfax BP K 1177, Sfax 3018, Tunisia
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +216-74-874-449
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen L, Zeng C, Yan L, Liao W, Zhen C, Yao J. Prognostic value of Holliday junction‑recognizing protein and its correlation with immune infiltrates in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:232. [PMID: 35720487 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Chong Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Limei Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Wanyu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zhen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Research Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People's Hospital of Shunde), Foshan, Guangdong 528308, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jazieh AR, Gaafar R, Errihani H, Jaafar H, Al Dayel F, Bahnassy AA, El Kadi H, Abdallah MM, Zaatari G. Real-World Data on the Prevalence of Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer in the Middle East and North Africa. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 7:1556-1563. [PMID: 34788123 PMCID: PMC8613346 DOI: 10.1200/go.21.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene alterations are potent oncogenic drivers in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the ALK pathway are effective in treating ALK-positive NSCLC. Around 5% of Asian and White patients with NSCLC have ALK-positive tumors, but ALK rearrangement prevalence data in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region are limited. METHODS In this noninterventional epidemiology study, histologically confirmed nonsquamous NSCLC samples retained for < 5 years in tissue banks at six centers in MENA were retrospectively analyzed for ALK rearrangement using the VENTANA immunohistochemistry (IHC) method. Patient characteristics obtained were analyzed for association with ALK rearrangement. Concordance between IHC and Vysis fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) ALK detection methods was assessed in a subset of samples. RESULTS Four hundred forty-eight tissue samples were analyzed using IHC: 137 (30.6%) in Lebanon, 104 (23.2%) in Saudi Arabia, 97 (21.7%) in Egypt, 80 (17.9%) in the United Arab Emirates, and 30 (6.7%) in Morocco. On the basis of IHC, the prevalence was 8.7% (95% CI, 6.3 to 11.7) for ALK-positivity and 91.3% (95% CI, 88.3 to 93.7) for ALK-negativity. On the basis of FISH (n = 148), the prevalence was 5.4% positivity and 81.8% negativity (12.8% nonevaluable). Concordance between IHC and FISH (n = 129) was 98.4% (95% CI, 94.2 to 99.8) for negative agreement and 98.5% (95% CI, 94.5 to 99.8) for overall agreement. Univariate analysis showed that ALK rearrangement was significantly associated with epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type status (P = .03) but was not significantly associated with sex, race, smoking history, or histologic subtype. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that ALK rearrangements are more prevalent in MENA than other geographic regions. High concordance was found between FISH and IHC. Except for epidermal growth factor receptor wild-type status, no clinicopathologic characteristics were associated with ALK-positive NSCLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Rahman Jazieh
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabab Gaafar
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Errihani
- National Institute of Oncology, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Hassan Jaafar
- Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fouad Al Dayel
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ghazi Zaatari
- American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hamdi Y, Abdeljaoued-Tej I, Zatchi AA, Abdelhak S, Boubaker S, Brown JS, Benkahla A. Cancer in Africa: The Untold Story. Front Oncol 2021; 11:650117. [PMID: 33937056 PMCID: PMC8082106 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.650117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite rising incidence and mortality rates in Africa, cancer has been given low priority in the research field and in healthcare services. Indeed, 57% of all new cancer cases around the world occur in low income countries exacerbated by lack of awareness, lack of preventive strategies, and increased life expectancies. Despite recent efforts devoted to cancer epidemiology, statistics on cancer rates in Africa are often dispersed across different registries. In this study our goal included identifying the most promising prevention and treatment approaches available in Africa. To do this, we collated and analyzed the incidence and fatality rates for the 10 most common and fatal cancers in 56 African countries grouped into 5 different regions (North, West, East, Central and South) over 16-years (2002–2018). We examined temporal and regional trends by investigating the most important risk factors associated to each cancer type. Data were analyzed by cancer type, African region, gender, measures of socioeconomic status and the availability of medical devices. Results We observed that Northern and Southern Africa were most similar in their cancer incidences and fatality rates compared to other African regions. The most prevalent cancers are breast, bladder and liver cancers in Northern Africa; prostate, lung and colorectal cancers in Southern Africa; and esophageal and cervical cancer in East Africa. In Southern Africa, fatality rates from prostate cancer and cervical cancer have increased. In addition, these three cancers are less fatal in Northern and Southern Africa compared to other regions, which correlates with the Human Development Index and the availability of medical devices. With the exception of thyroid cancer, all other cancers have higher incidences in males than females. Conclusion Our results show that the African continent suffers from a shortage of medical equipment, research resources and epidemiological expertise. While recognizing that risk factors are interconnected, we focused on risk factors more or less specific to each cancer type. This helps identify specific preventive and therapeutic options in Africa. We see a need for implementing more accurate preventive strategies to tackle this disease as many cases are likely preventable. Opportunities exist for vaccination programs for cervical and liver cancer, genetic testing and use of new targeted therapies for breast and prostate cancer, and positive changes in lifestyle for lung, colorectal and bladder cancers. Such recommendations should be tailored for the different African regions depending on their disease profiles and specific needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosr Hamdi
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Abdeljaoued-Tej
- Laboratory of BioInformatics bioMathematics, and bioStatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Engineering School of Statistics and Information Analysis, University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Afzal Ali Zatchi
- Laboratory of BioInformatics bioMathematics, and bioStatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Engineering School of Statistics and Information Analysis, University of Carthage, Ariana, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Abdelhak
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Samir Boubaker
- Laboratory of Biomedical Genomics and Oncogenetics, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia.,Laboratory of Human and Experimental Pathology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Joel S Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Alia Benkahla
- Laboratory of BioInformatics bioMathematics, and bioStatistics (BIMS), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lahmadi M, Beddar L, Rouibah AL, Boumegoura A, Boufendi H, Temim A, Nini A, Sellam F, Satta D. Analysis of EGFR Mutation Status in Algerian Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1063-1068. [PMID: 33906297 PMCID: PMC8325123 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.4.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objective: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status is used as a predictive biomarker for the tyrosine kinase inhibitors therapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The incidence of EGFR mutations appears to vary according to ethnic and geographical backgrounds. This retrospective study aimed to investigate the EGFR mutation status in Algerian NSCLC patients and its association with clinicopathological features. Methods: We examined the presence of EGFR mutations (Exons 19-21) in 58 unselected NSCLC samples using PCR followed by direct sequencing. Results: The present study included 53 (91.4%) men and 5 (8.6%) women, with a median age of 59 (ranging from 44 to 94 years old). EGFR mutations were detected in 23 patients, with an overall rate of 39.6%. There were 21 (91.3%) cases with the exon-21 L585R single mutation and two (8.7%) with dual mutations of exon-19 deletions and L585R. EGFR mutations were more frequently found in patients with confirmed adenocarcinoma (14/27, 51.8%) than in non-adenomatous NCSCL subtypes (3/14, 21.4%; p=0.03). Furthermore, early stages of the disease were significantly associated with a higher rate of EGFR mutations (14/27, 51.8%) compared with those at advanced stage (5/21, 23.8%; p=0.02). There were no significant differences in EGFR mutation frequency by age, gender, or smoking status. Conclusion: We found that Algerian NSCLC patients exhibited a high rate of EGFR mutations, which was quite similar to that in Asians population rather than Caucasian patients. Thus, TKI-based treatments may be more beneficial for Algerian patients with NSCLC. Further studies using a large number of patients are required to confirm our preliminary findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Lahmadi
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria.,Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Leila Beddar
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Ben-Badis Hospital, Faculty of Medicine University of Constantine 3, Constantine, Algeria
| | | | - Ali Boumegoura
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Houda Boufendi
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Asma Temim
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Anissa Nini
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Feriel Sellam
- Biotechnology Research Center (CRBt), Constantine, Algeria
| | - Dalila Satta
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Mentouri Brothers Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Rotimi SO, Rotimi OA, Salhia B. A Review of Cancer Genetics and Genomics Studies in Africa. Front Oncol 2021; 10:606400. [PMID: 33659210 PMCID: PMC7917259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally and is projected to overtake infectious disease as the leading cause of mortality in Africa within the next two decades. Cancer is a group of genomic diseases that presents with intra- and inter-population unique phenotypes, with Black populations having the burden of morbidity and mortality for most types. At large, the prevention and treatment of cancers have been propelled by the understanding of the genetic make-up of the disease of mostly non-African populations. By the same token, there is a wide knowledge gap in understanding the underlying genetic causes of, and genomic alterations associated with, cancer among black Africans. Accordingly, we performed a review of the literature to survey existing studies on cancer genetics/genomics and curated findings pertaining to publications across multiple cancer types conducted on African populations. We used PubMed MeSH terms to retrieve the relevant publications from 1990 to December 2019. The metadata of these publications were extracted using R text mining packages: RISmed and Pubmed.mineR. The data showed that only 0.329% of cancer publications globally were on Africa, and only 0.016% were on cancer genetics/genomics from Africa. Although the most prevalent cancers in Africa are cancers of the breast, cervix, uterus, and prostate, publications representing breast, colorectal, liver, and blood cancers were the most frequent in our review. The most frequently reported cancer genes were BRCA1, BRCA2, and TP53. Next, the genes reported in the reviewed publications’ abstracts were extracted and annotated into three gene ontology classes. Genes in the cellular component class were mostly associated with cell part and organelle part, while those in biological process and molecular function classes were mainly associated with cell process, biological regulation, and binding, and catalytic activity, respectively. Overall, this review highlights the paucity of research on cancer genomics on African populations, identified gaps, and discussed the need for concerted efforts to encourage more research on cancer genomics in Africa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon O Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Oluwakemi A Rotimi
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Bodour Salhia
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Genetic variants association with cancers in African-based populations: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol 2020; 67:101739. [PMID: 32554299 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2020.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is the single leading cause of human deaths worldwide. The highest incidence and mortality are recorded from Africa. The last two decades have witnessed extensive research which has led to emerging prognosis and new gene therapy technologies. Cancer therapy in Africa is derived with little input from African population data. While a number of cancer studies on African populations have suggested varied susceptible variant, no comprehensive review of these studies has been undertaken to assess their coverage across Africa. METHODS This study aimed to undertake a review of all molecular genetic studies that interrogated the genetic variants of cancers in African-based populations. Our search methodology was modelled after the Cochrane systematic review protocol, which included MeSH terms and related keywords. RESULTS Ninety-seven articles studying 13 cancer types, were reviewed. 91 articles screened for polymorphisms using PCR-based techniques while three used SNP array, two used whole exome sequencing and one used pyrosequencing. North African (NA) countries undertook 51/97 (53 %) studies on 12/13 (92 %) cancer types while the Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) countries undertook 46/97 (47 %) studies on 7/13 (54 %) cancer types. Twelve out of these thirteen cancer type studies suggested susceptibility to their target polymorphism (p > 0.05). No study replicated or validated variants detected. CONCLUSION Research on genetic determinants in African-based population cancer offers translational benefits. We recommended large scale, multi-national genome association studies using high throughput techniques. SSA needs to receive more attention due to the shortage of this type of study and data in the region.
Collapse
|