1
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. eLife 2024; 12:RP89306. [PMID: 38837189 PMCID: PMC11152573 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting the Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | | | | | - Rossana Ippolito
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Carolyn R Shurer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Pablo Lujan
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Felix Campelo
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyBarcelonaSpain
| | - Kandice R Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
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2
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Quirion L, Robert A, Boulais J, Huang S, Bernal Astrain G, Strakhova R, Jo CH, Kherdjemil Y, Faubert D, Thibault MP, Kmita M, Baskin JM, Gingras AC, Smith MJ, Côté JF. Mapping the global interactome of the ARF family reveals spatial organization in cellular signaling pathways. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs262140. [PMID: 38606629 PMCID: PMC11166204 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.262140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and ARF-like (ARL) GTPases serve as essential molecular switches governing a wide array of cellular processes. In this study, we used proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to comprehensively map the interactome of 28 out of 29 ARF and ARL proteins in two cellular models. Through this approach, we identified ∼3000 high-confidence proximal interactors, enabling us to assign subcellular localizations to the family members. Notably, we uncovered previously undefined localizations for ARL4D and ARL10. Clustering analyses further exposed the distinctiveness of the interactors identified with these two GTPases. We also reveal that the expression of the understudied member ARL14 is confined to the stomach and intestines. We identified phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and the ESCPE-1 complex, more precisely, SNX1, as proximity interactors. Functional assays demonstrated that ARL14 can activate PLD1 in cellulo and is involved in cargo trafficking via the ESCPE-1 complex. Overall, the BioID data generated in this study provide a valuable resource for dissecting the complexities of ARF and ARL spatial organization and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Quirion
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Amélie Robert
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boulais
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Shiying Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gabriela Bernal Astrain
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Regina Strakhova
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Chang Hwa Jo
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yacine Kherdjemil
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Denis Faubert
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
| | | | - Marie Kmita
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Baskin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Anne-Claude Gingras
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Matthew J. Smith
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Jean-François Côté
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute (IRCM), Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada
- Molecular Biology Programs, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
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3
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Dzaki N, Alenius M. A cilia-bound unconventional secretory pathway for Drosophila odorant receptors. BMC Biol 2024; 22:84. [PMID: 38610043 PMCID: PMC11015608 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational transport is a vital process which ensures that each protein reaches its site of function. Though most do so via an ordered ER-to-Golgi route, an increasing number of proteins are now shown to bypass this conventional secretory pathway. RESULTS In the Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), odorant receptors (ORs) are trafficked from the ER towards the cilia. Here, we show that Or22a, a receptor of various esters and alcoholic compounds, reaches the cilia partially through unconventional means. Or22a frequently present as puncta at the somatic cell body exit and within the dendrite prior to the cilia base. These rarely coincide with markers of either the intermediary ER-Golgi-intermediate-compartment (ERGIC) or Golgi structures. ERGIC and Golgi also displayed axonal localization biases, a further indication that at least some measure of OR transport may occur independently of their involvement. Additionally, neither the loss of several COPII genes involved in anterograde trafficking nor ERGIC itself affected puncta formation or Or22a transport to the cilium. Instead, we observed the consistent colocalization of Or22a puncta with Grasp65, the sole Drosophila homolog of mammalian GRASP55/Grh1, a marker of the unconventional pathway. The numbers of both Or22a and Grasp65-positive puncta were furthermore increased upon nutritional starvation, a condition known to enhance Golgi-bypassing secretory activity. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate an alternative route of Or22a transport, thus expanding the repertoire of unconventional secretion mechanisms in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Dzaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden
| | - Mattias Alenius
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, 901 87, SE, Sweden.
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4
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Quirion L, Robert A, Boulais J, Huang S, Bernal Astrain G, Strakhova R, Jo CH, Kherdjemil Y, Thibault MP, Faubert D, Kmita M, Baskin JM, Gingras AC, Smith MJ, Cote JF. Mapping the global interactome of the ARF family reveals spatial organization in cellular signaling pathways. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.03.01.530598. [PMID: 36909472 PMCID: PMC10002736 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.01.530598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) and ARF-like (ARLs) GTPases serve as essential molecular switches governing a wide array of cellular processes. In this study, we utilized proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) to comprehensively map the interactome of 28 out of 29 ARF and ARL proteins in two cellular models. Through this approach, we identified ~3000 high-confidence proximal interactors, enabling us to assign subcellular localizations to the family members. Notably, we uncovered previously undefined localizations for ARL4D and ARL10. Clustering analyses further exposed the distinctiveness of the interactors identified with these two GTPases. We also reveal that the expression of the understudied member ARL14 is confined to the stomach and intestines. We identified phospholipase D1 (PLD1) and the ESCPE-1 complex, more precisely SNX1, as proximity interactors. Functional assays demonstrated that ARL14 can activate PLD1 in cellulo and is involved in cargo trafficking via the ESCPE-1 complex. Overall, the BioID data generated in this study provide a valuable resource for dissecting the complexities of ARF and ARL spatial organization and signaling.
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5
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Braulke T, Carette JE, Palm W. Lysosomal enzyme trafficking: from molecular mechanisms to human diseases. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:198-210. [PMID: 37474375 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes degrade and recycle macromolecules that are delivered through the biosynthetic, endocytic, and autophagic routes. Hydrolysis of the different classes of macromolecules is catalyzed by about 70 soluble enzymes that are transported from the Golgi apparatus to lysosomes in a mannose 6-phosphate (M6P)-dependent process. The molecular machinery that generates M6P tags for receptor-mediated targeting of lysosomal enzymes was thought to be understood in detail. However, recent studies on the M6P pathway have identified a previously uncharacterized core component, yielded structural insights in known components, and uncovered functions in various human diseases. Here we review molecular mechanisms of lysosomal enzyme trafficking and discuss its relevance for rare lysosomal disorders, cancer, and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Braulke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, Cell Biology of Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan E Carette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wilhelm Palm
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Castello-Serrano I, Heberle FA, Diaz-Rohrer B, Ippolito R, Shurer CR, Lujan P, Campelo F, Levental KR, Levental I. Partitioning to ordered membrane domains regulates the kinetics of secretory traffic. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.04.18.537395. [PMID: 37131599 PMCID: PMC10153169 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.18.537395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The organelles of eukaryotic cells maintain distinct protein and lipid compositions required for their specific functions. The mechanisms by which many of these components are sorted to their specific locations remain unknown. While some motifs mediating subcellular protein localization have been identified, many membrane proteins and most membrane lipids lack known sorting determinants. A putative mechanism for sorting of membrane components is based on membrane domains known as lipid rafts, which are laterally segregated nanoscopic assemblies of specific lipids and proteins. To assess the role of such domains in the secretory pathway, we applied a robust tool for synchronized secretory protein traffic (RUSH, Retention Using Selective Hooks) to protein constructs with defined affinity for raft phases. These constructs consist solely of single-pass transmembrane domains (TMDs) and, lacking other sorting determinants, constitute probes for membrane domain-mediated trafficking. We find that while raft affinity can be sufficient for steady-state PM localization, it is not sufficient for rapid exit from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which is instead mediated by a short cytosolic peptide motif. In contrast, we find that Golgi exit kinetics are highly dependent on raft affinity, with raft preferring probes exiting Golgi ~2.5-fold faster than probes with minimal raft affinity. We rationalize these observations with a kinetic model of secretory trafficking, wherein Golgi export can be facilitated by protein association with raft domains. These observations support a role for raft-like membrane domains in the secretory pathway and establish an experimental paradigm for dissecting its underlying machinery.
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7
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Štepihar D, Florke Gee RR, Hoyos Sanchez MC, Fon Tacer K. Cell-specific secretory granule sorting mechanisms: the role of MAGEL2 and retromer in hypothalamic regulated secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1243038. [PMID: 37799273 PMCID: PMC10548473 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1243038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular protein trafficking and sorting are extremely arduous in endocrine and neuroendocrine cells, which synthesize and secrete on-demand substantial quantities of proteins. To ensure that neuroendocrine secretion operates correctly, each step in the secretion pathways is tightly regulated and coordinated both spatially and temporally. At the trans-Golgi network (TGN), intrinsic structural features of proteins and several sorting mechanisms and distinct signals direct newly synthesized proteins into proper membrane vesicles that enter either constitutive or regulated secretion pathways. Furthermore, this anterograde transport is counterbalanced by retrograde transport, which not only maintains membrane homeostasis but also recycles various proteins that function in the sorting of secretory cargo, formation of transport intermediates, or retrieval of resident proteins of secretory organelles. The retromer complex recycles proteins from the endocytic pathway back to the plasma membrane or TGN and was recently identified as a critical player in regulated secretion in the hypothalamus. Furthermore, melanoma antigen protein L2 (MAGEL2) was discovered to act as a tissue-specific regulator of the retromer-dependent endosomal protein recycling pathway and, by doing so, ensures proper secretory granule formation and maturation. MAGEL2 is a mammalian-specific and maternally imprinted gene implicated in Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang neurodevelopmental syndromes. In this review, we will briefly discuss the current understanding of the regulated secretion pathway, encompassing anterograde and retrograde traffic. Although our understanding of the retrograde trafficking and sorting in regulated secretion is not yet complete, we will review recent insights into the molecular role of MAGEL2 in hypothalamic neuroendocrine secretion and how its dysregulation contributes to the symptoms of Prader-Willi and Schaaf-Yang patients. Given that the activation of many secreted proteins occurs after they enter secretory granules, modulation of the sorting efficiency in a tissue-specific manner may represent an evolutionary adaptation to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Štepihar
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rebecca R. Florke Gee
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Maria Camila Hoyos Sanchez
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Klementina Fon Tacer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX, United States
- Texas Center for Comparative Cancer Research (TC3R), Amarillo, TX, United States
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8
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Ben Ahmed A, Lemaire Q, Scache J, Mariller C, Lefebvre T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS. O-GlcNAc Dynamics: The Sweet Side of Protein Trafficking Regulation in Mammalian Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1396. [PMID: 37408229 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of proteins between the different cellular compartments and the cell surface is governed by the secretory pathway. Alternatively, unconventional secretion pathways have been described in mammalian cells, especially through multivesicular bodies and exosomes. These highly sophisticated biological processes rely on a wide variety of signaling and regulatory proteins that act sequentially and in a well-orchestrated manner to ensure the proper delivery of cargoes to their final destination. By modifying numerous proteins involved in the regulation of vesicular trafficking, post-translational modifications (PTMs) participate in the tight regulation of cargo transport in response to extracellular stimuli such as nutrient availability and stress. Among the PTMs, O-GlcNAcylation is the reversible addition of a single N-acetylglucosamine monosaccharide (GlcNAc) on serine or threonine residues of cytosolic, nuclear, and mitochondrial proteins. O-GlcNAc cycling is mediated by a single couple of enzymes: the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) which catalyzes the addition of O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and the O-GlcNAcase (OGA) which hydrolyses it. Here, we review the current knowledge on the emerging role of O-GlcNAc modification in the regulation of protein trafficking in mammalian cells, in classical and unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awatef Ben Ahmed
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Quentin Lemaire
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jodie Scache
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Christophe Mariller
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Tony Lefebvre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
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9
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Ford C, Burd CG. GOPC facilitates the sorting of syndecan-1 in polarized epithelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar86. [PMID: 35830596 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e22-05-0165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The trans-Golgi network must coordinate sorting and secretion of proteins and lipids to intracellular organelles and the plasma membrane. During polarization of epithelial cells, changes in the lipidome and the expression and distribution of proteins contribute to the formation of apical and basolateral plasma membrane domains. Previous studies using HeLa cells show that the syndecan-1 transmembrane domain confers sorting within sphingomyelin-rich vesicles in a sphingomyelin secretion pathway. In polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells, we reveal differences in the sorting of syndecan-1, whereupon the correct trafficking of the protein is not dependent on its transmembrane domain and changes in sphingomyelin content of cells during polarization. Instead, we reveal that correct basolateral targeting of syndecan-1 requires a full-length PDZ motif in syndecan-1 and the PDZ domain golgin protein GOPC. Moreover, we reveal changes in Golgi morphology elicited by GOPC overexpression. These results suggest that the role of GOPC in sorting syndecan-1 is indirect and likely due to GOPC effects on Golgi organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Ford
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Christopher G Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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10
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FERARI and cargo adaptors coordinate cargo flow through sorting endosomes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4620. [PMID: 35941155 PMCID: PMC9359993 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular organization, compartmentalization and cell-to-cell communication are crucially dependent on endosomal pathways. Sorting endosomes provide a transit point for various trafficking pathways and decide the fate of proteins: recycling, secretion or degradation. FERARI (Factors for Endosome Recycling and Rab Interactions) play a key role in shaping these compartments and coordinate Rab GTPase function with membrane fusion and fission of vesicles through a kiss-and-run mechanism. Here, we show that FERARI also mediate kiss-and-run of Rab5-positive vesicles with sorting endosomes. During these encounters, cargo flows from Rab5-positive vesicles into sorting endosomes and from there in Rab11-positive vesicles. Cargo flow from sorting endosomes into Rab11 structures relies on the cargo adaptor SNX6, while cargo retention in the Rab11 compartment is dependent on AP1. The available cargo amount appears to regulate the duration of kisses. We propose that FERARI, together with cargo adaptors, coordinate the vectorial flow of cargo through sorting endosomes.
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11
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Moreno MR, Boswell K, Casbolt HL, Bulgakova NA. Multifaceted control of E-cadherin dynamics by Adaptor Protein Complex 1 during epithelial morphogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2022; 33:ar80. [PMID: 35609212 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-12-0598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular trafficking regulates the distribution of transmembrane proteins including the key determinants of epithelial polarity and adhesion. The Adaptor Protein 1 (AP-1) complex is the key regulator of vesicle sorting, which binds many specific cargoes. We examined roles of the AP-1 complex in epithelial morphogenesis, using the Drosophila wing as a paradigm. We found that AP-1 knockdown leads to ectopic tissue folding, which is consistent with the observed defects in integrin targeting to the basal cell-extracellular matrix adhesion sites. This occurs concurrently with an integrin-independent induction of cell death, which counteracts elevated proliferation and prevents hyperplasia. We discovered a distinct pool of AP-1 that localizes at the subapical adherens junctions. Upon AP-1 knockdown, E-cadherin is hyperinternalized from these junctions and becomes enriched at the Golgi and recycling endosomes. We then provide evidence that E-cadherin hyperinternalization acts upstream of cell death in a potential tumor-suppressive mechanism. Simultaneously, cells compensate for elevated internalization of E-cadherin by increasing its expression to maintain cell-cell adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ramírez Moreno
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Katy Boswell
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Helen L Casbolt
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Natalia A Bulgakova
- School of Biosciences and Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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12
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Houghton FJ, Makhoul C, Cho EHJ, Williamson NA, Gleeson PA. Interacting partners of Golgi-localized small G protein Arl5b identified by a combination of in vivo proximity labelling and GFP-Trap pull down. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2382-2399. [PMID: 35789482 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The small G protein Arl5b is localized on the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and regulates endosomes-to-TGN transport. Here, we combined in vivo and in vitro techniques to map the interactive partners and near neighbours of Arl5b at the TGN, using constitutively-active, membrane-bound Arl5b(Q70L)-GFP in stably expressing HeLa cells, and the proximity labelling techniques BioID and APEX2 in parallel with GFP-Trap pull-down. From mass spectrometry analysis, 22 Golgi proteins were identified; 50% were TGN-localised Rabs, Arfs and Arls. The scaffold/tethering factors ACBD3 (GCP60) and PIST (GOPC) were also identified, and we show that Arl5b is required for TGN recruitment of ACBD3. Overall, the combination of in vivo labelling and direct pull-downs indicates a highly organised complex of small G proteins on TGN membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Houghton
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Christian Makhoul
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ellie Hyun-Jung Cho
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Biological Optical Microscopy Platform, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Williamson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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13
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Xu M, Yan X, Wang Y, Liu C, Yang Q, Tian D, Bednarek SY, Pan J, Wang C. ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex-mediated post-Golgi trafficking is critical for pollen wall development in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:472-487. [PMID: 35451504 PMCID: PMC9545562 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Primexine deposition is essential for the formation of pollen wall patterns and is precisely regulated by the tapetum and microspores. While tapetum- and/or microspore-localized proteins are required for primexine biosynthesis, how their trafficking is established and controlled is poorly understood. In Arabidopsis thaliana, AP1σ1 and AP1σ2, two genes encoding the σ subunit of the trans-Golgi network/early endosome (TGN/EE)-localized ADAPTOR PROTEIN-1 complex (AP-1), are partially redundant for plant viability, and the loss of AP1σ1 function reduces male fertility due to defective primexine formation. Here, we investigated the role of AP-1 in pollen wall formation. The deposition of Acyl-CoA SYNTHETASE5 (ACOS5) and type III LIPID TRANSFER PROTEINs (LTPs) secreted from the anther tapetum, which are involved in exine formation, were impaired in ap1σ1 mutants. In addition, the microspore plasma membrane (PM) protein RUPTURED POLLEN GRAIN1 (RPG1), which regulates primexine deposition, accumulated abnormally at the TGN/EE in ap1σ1 mutants. We show that AP-1μ recognizes the YXXΦ motif of RPG1, thereby regulating its PM abundance through endocytic trafficking, and that loss of AP1σ1 decreases the levels of other AP-1 subunits at the TGN/EE. Our observations show that AP-1-mediated post-Golgi trafficking plays a vital role in pollen wall development by regulating protein transport in tapetal cells and microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Xu Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chan Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Qian Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Dan Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | | | - Jianwei Pan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
| | - Chao Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress AdaptationsSchool of Life SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China
- College of Life SciencesShaoxing UniversityShaoxingZhejiang312000China
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14
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Vats S, Galli T. Role of SNAREs in Unconventional Secretion—Focus on the VAMP7-Dependent Secretion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:884020. [PMID: 35784483 PMCID: PMC9244844 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.884020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular membrane protein trafficking is crucial for both normal cellular physiology and cell-cell communication. The conventional secretory route follows transport from the Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the plasma membrane via the Golgi apparatus. Alternative modes of secretion which can bypass the need for passage through the Golgi apparatus have been collectively termed as Unconventional protein secretion (UPS). UPS can comprise of cargo without a signal peptide or proteins which escape the Golgi in spite of entering the ER. UPS has been classified further depending on the mode of transport. Type I and Type II unconventional secretion are non-vesicular and non-SNARE protein dependent whereas Type III and Type IV dependent on vesicles and on SNARE proteins. In this review, we focus on the Type III UPS which involves the import of cytoplasmic proteins in membrane carriers of autophagosomal/endosomal origin and release in the extracellular space following SNARE-dependent intracellular membrane fusion. We discuss the role of vesicular SNAREs with a strong focus on VAMP7, a vesicular SNARE involved in exosome, lysosome and autophagy mediated secretion. We further extend our discussion to the role of unconventional secretion in health and disease with emphasis on cancer and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Vats
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Galli
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane Traffic in Healthy and Diseased Brain, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- GHU PARIS Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Thierry Galli,
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15
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Duncan MC. New directions for the clathrin adaptor AP-1 in cell biology and human disease. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2022; 76:102079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2022.102079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Godlee C, Cerny O, Liu M, Blundell S, Gallagher AE, Shahin M, Holden DW. The Salmonella transmembrane effector SteD hijacks AP1-mediated vesicular trafficking for delivery to antigen-loading MHCII compartments. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010252. [PMID: 35622870 PMCID: PMC9182567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
SteD is a transmembrane effector of the Salmonella SPI-2 type III secretion system that inhibits T cell activation by reducing the amounts of at least three proteins –major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), CD86 and CD97 –from the surface of antigen-presenting cells. SteD specifically localises at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) and MHCII compartments; however, the targeting, membrane integration and trafficking of SteD are not understood. Using systematic mutagenesis, we identify distinct regions of SteD that are required for these processes. We show that SteD integrates into membranes of the ER/Golgi through a two-step mechanism of membrane recruitment from the cytoplasm followed by integration. SteD then migrates to and accumulates within the TGN. From here it hijacks the host adaptor protein (AP)1-mediated trafficking pathway from the TGN to MHCII compartments. AP1 binding and post-TGN trafficking require a short sequence in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail of SteD that resembles the AP1-interacting dileucine sorting signal, but in inverted orientation, suggesting convergent evolution. Salmonella enterica is an intracellular pathogen that causes a range of diseases from gastroenteritis to systemic typhoid fever. Its pathogenesis relies on virulence proteins known as effectors that are delivered into host cells and modulate host cellular processes. The ability of the Salmonella effector SteD to localise within host MHCII compartment membranes is essential for its function in disrupting the adaptive immune response. Here we show that SteD integrates into membranes of the early secretory pathway through a two-step recruitment and integration mechanism. SteD then behaves like a transmembrane cargo protein and hijacks a post-Golgi vesicular trafficking pathway to reach MHCII compartments. This study highlights the sophistication by which bacterial pathogens interact with host cell biology at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Godlee
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CG); (DWH)
| | - Ondrej Cerny
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Liu
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Samkeliso Blundell
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alanna E. Gallagher
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meriam Shahin
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David W. Holden
- MRC Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (CG); (DWH)
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Xie R, Wang Y, Huang D, Hou J, Li L, Hu H, Zhao X, Wang F. Expanding Asgard members in the domain of Archaea sheds new light on the origin of eukaryotes. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2022; 65:818-829. [PMID: 34378142 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1969-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that eukaryotes originated from within the domain Archaea has been strongly supported by recent phylogenomic analyses placing Heimdallarchaeota-Wukongarchaeota branch from the Asgard superphylum as the closest known archaeal sister-group to eukaryotes. However, our understanding is still limited in terms of the relationship between eukaryotes and archaea, as well as the evolution and ecological functions of the Asgard archaea. Here, we describe three previously unknown phylum-level Asgard archaeal lineages, tentatively named Sigyn-, Freyr- and Njordarchaeota. Additional members in Wukongarchaeota and Baldrarchaeota from distinct environments are also reported here, further expanding their ecological roles and metabolic capacities. Comprehensive phylogenomic analyses further supported the origin of eukaryotes within Asgard archaea and a new lineage Njordarchaeota was supposed as the known closest branch with the eukaryotic nuclear host lineage. Metabolic reconstruction suggests that Njordarchaeota may have a heterotrophic lifestyle with capability of peptides and amino acids utilization, while Sigynarchaeota and Freyrarchaeota also have the potentials to fix inorganic carbon via the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway and degrade organic matters. Additionally, the Ack/Pta pathway for homoacetogenesis and de novo anaerobic cobalamin biosynthesis pathway were found in Freyrarchaeota and Wukongrarchaeota, respectively. Some previously unidentified eukaryotic signature proteins for intracellular membrane trafficking system, and the homologue of mu/sigma subunit of adaptor protein complex, were identified in Freyrarchaeota. This study expands the Asgard superphylum, sheds new light on the evolution of eukaryotes and improves our understanding of ecological functions of the Asgard archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruize Xie
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yinzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Danyue Huang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jialin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Liuyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Haining Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Fengping Wang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China.
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18
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Distinct mechanisms orchestrate the contra-polarity of IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases controlling root cell division. Nat Commun 2022; 13:235. [PMID: 35017541 PMCID: PMC8752632 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In plants, cell polarity plays key roles in coordinating developmental processes. Despite the characterization of several polarly localized plasma membrane proteins, the mechanisms connecting protein dynamics with cellular functions often remain unclear. Here, we introduce a polarized receptor, KOIN, that restricts cell divisions in the Arabidopsis root meristem. In the endodermis, KOIN polarity is opposite to IRK, a receptor that represses endodermal cell divisions. Their contra-polar localization facilitates dissection of polarity mechanisms and the links between polarity and function. We find that IRK and KOIN are recognized, sorted, and secreted through distinct pathways. IRK extracellular domains determine its polarity and partially rescue the mutant phenotype, whereas KOIN’s extracellular domains are insufficient for polar sorting and function. Endodermal expression of an IRK/KOIN chimera generates non-cell-autonomous misregulation of root cell divisions that impacts patterning. Altogether, we reveal two contrasting mechanisms determining these receptors’ polarity and link their polarity to cell divisions in root tissue patterning. Protein polarization coordinates many plant developmental processes. Here the authors show that IRK and KOIN, two LRR-receptor-kinases polarized to opposite sides of cells in the root meristem, rely on distinct mechanisms to achieve polarity.
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19
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PKD-dependent PARP12-catalyzed mono-ADP-ribosylation of Golgin-97 is required for E-cadherin transport from Golgi to plasma membrane. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2026494119. [PMID: 34969853 PMCID: PMC8740581 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026494119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification involved in key regulatory events catalyzed by ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs). Substrate identification and localization of the mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase PARP12 at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) hinted at the involvement of ARTs in intracellular traffic. We find that Golgin-97, a TGN protein required for the formation and transport of a specific class of basolateral cargoes (e.g., E-cadherin and vesicular stomatitis virus G protein [VSVG]), is a PARP12 substrate. PARP12 targets an acidic cluster in the Golgin-97 coiled-coil domain essential for function. Its mutation or PARP12 depletion, delays E-cadherin and VSVG export and leads to a defect in carrier fission, hence in transport, with consequent accumulation of cargoes in a trans-Golgi/Rab11-positive intermediate compartment. In contrast, PARP12 does not control the Golgin-245-dependent traffic of cargoes such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Thus, the transport of different basolateral proteins to the plasma membrane is differentially regulated by Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation by PARP12. This identifies a selective regulatory mechanism acting on the transport of Golgin-97- vs. Golgin-245-dependent cargoes. Of note, PARP12 enzymatic activity, and consequently Golgin-97 mono-ADP-ribosylation, depends on the activation of protein kinase D (PKD) at the TGN during traffic. PARP12 is directly phosphorylated by PKD, and this is essential to stimulate PARP12 catalytic activity. PARP12 is therefore a component of the PKD-driven regulatory cascade that selectively controls a major branch of the basolateral transport pathway. We propose that through this mechanism, PARP12 contributes to the maintenance of E-cadherin-mediated cell polarity and cell-cell junctions.
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20
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Ford C, Parchure A, von Blume J, Burd CG. Cargo sorting at the trans-Golgi network at a glance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259110. [PMID: 34870705 PMCID: PMC8714066 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi functions principally in the biogenesis and trafficking of glycoproteins and lipids. It is compartmentalized into multiple flattened adherent membrane sacs termed cisternae, which each contain a distinct repertoire of resident proteins, principally enzymes that modify newly synthesized proteins and lipids sequentially as they traffic through the stack of Golgi cisternae. Upon reaching the final compartments of the Golgi, the trans cisterna and trans-Golgi network (TGN), processed glycoproteins and lipids are packaged into coated and non-coated transport carriers derived from the trans Golgi and TGN. The cargoes of clathrin-coated vesicles are chiefly residents of endo-lysosomal organelles, while uncoated carriers ferry cargo to the cell surface. There are outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of protein and lipid sorting within the Golgi for export to different organelles. Nonetheless, conceptual advances have begun to define the key molecular features of cargo clients and the mechanisms underlying their sorting into distinct export pathways, which we have collated in this Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julia von Blume
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Christopher G. Burd
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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21
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The GTPase Arf1 Is a Determinant of Yeast Vps13 Localization to the Golgi Apparatus. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212274. [PMID: 34830155 PMCID: PMC8619211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
VPS13 proteins are evolutionarily conserved. Mutations in the four human genes (VPS13A-D) encoding VPS13A-D proteins are linked to developmental or neurodegenerative diseases. The relationship between the specific localization of individual VPS13 proteins, their molecular functions, and the pathology of these diseases is unknown. Here we used a yeast model to establish the determinants of Vps13's interaction with the membranes of Golgi apparatus. We analyzed the different phenotypes of the arf1-3 arf2Δ vps13∆ strain, with reduced activity of the Arf1 GTPase, the master regulator of Golgi function and entirely devoid of Vps13. Our analysis led us to propose that Vps13 and Arf1 proteins cooperate at the Golgi apparatus. We showed that Vps13 binds to the Arf1 GTPase through its C-terminal Pleckstrin homology (PH)-like domain. This domain also interacts with phosphoinositol 4,5-bisphosphate as it was bound to liposomes enriched with this lipid. The homologous domain of VPS13A exhibited the same behavior. Furthermore, a fusion of the PH-like domain of Vps13 to green fluorescent protein was localized to Golgi structures in an Arf1-dependent manner. These results suggest that the PH-like domains and Arf1 are determinants of the localization of VPS13 proteins to the Golgi apparatus in yeast and humans.
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22
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Schoppe J, Schubert E, Apelbaum A, Yavavli E, Birkholz O, Stephanowitz H, Han Y, Perz A, Hofnagel O, Liu F, Piehler J, Raunser S, Ungermann C. Flexible open conformation of the AP-3 complex explains its role in cargo recruitment at the Golgi. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101334. [PMID: 34688652 PMCID: PMC8591511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicle formation at endomembranes requires the selective concentration of cargo by coat proteins. Conserved adapter protein complexes at the Golgi (AP-3), the endosome (AP-1), or the plasma membrane (AP-2) with their conserved core domain and flexible ear domains mediate this function. These complexes also rely on the small GTPase Arf1 and/or specific phosphoinositides for membrane binding. The structural details that influence these processes, however, are still poorly understood. Here we present cryo-EM structures of the full-length stable 300 kDa yeast AP-3 complex. The structures reveal that AP-3 adopts an open conformation in solution, comparable to the membrane-bound conformations of AP-1 or AP-2. This open conformation appears to be far more flexible than AP-1 or AP-2, resulting in compact, intermediate, and stretched subconformations. Mass spectrometrical analysis of the cross-linked AP-3 complex further indicates that the ear domains are flexibly attached to the surface of the complex. Using biochemical reconstitution assays, we also show that efficient AP-3 recruitment to the membrane depends primarily on cargo binding. Once bound to cargo, AP-3 clustered and immobilized cargo molecules, as revealed by single-molecule imaging on polymer-supported membranes. We conclude that its flexible open state may enable AP-3 to bind and collect cargo at the Golgi and could thus allow coordinated vesicle formation at the trans-Golgi upon Arf1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannis Schoppe
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Evelyn Schubert
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Amir Apelbaum
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erdal Yavavli
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Birkholz
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biophysics Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Heike Stephanowitz
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yaping Han
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Angela Perz
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Oliver Hofnagel
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fan Liu
- Leibniz-Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP), Campus Berlin-Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jacob Piehler
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biophysics Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Stefan Raunser
- Department of Structural Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - Christian Ungermann
- Department of Biology/Chemistry, Biochemistry Section, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany; Center of Cellular Nanoanalytics Osnabrück (CellNanOs), Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.
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Foley SE, Loew EB, McCormick BA. Recent advances in understanding microbial regulation of host multi-drug resistance transporters. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Watanabe A, Hataida H, Inoue N, Kamon K, Baba K, Sasaki K, Kimura R, Sasaki H, Eura Y, Ni WF, Shibasaki Y, Waguri S, Kokame K, Shiba Y. Arf GTPase-activating proteins SMAP1 and AGFG2 regulate the size of Weibel-Palade bodies and exocytosis of von Willebrand factor. Biol Open 2021; 10:271213. [PMID: 34369554 PMCID: PMC8430232 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Arf GTPase-Activating proteins (ArfGAPs) mediate the hydrolysis of GTP bound to ADP-ribosylation factors (Arfs), which are critical to form transport intermediates. ArfGAPs have been thought to be negative regulators of Arfs; however, accumulating evidence indicates that ArfGAPs are important for cargo sorting and promote membrane traffic. Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) are cigar-shaped secretory granules in endothelial cells that contain von Willebrand factor (vWF) as their main cargo. WPB biogenesis at the Golgi was reported to be regulated by Arf and their regulators, but the role of ArfGAPs has been unknown. In this study, we performed siRNA screening of ArfGAPs to investigate the role of ArfGAPs in the biogenesis of WPBs. We found two ArfGAPs, SMAP1 and AGFG2, to be involved in WPB size and vWF exocytosis, respectively. SMAP1 depletion resulted in small-sized WPBs, and the lysosomal inhibitor leupeptin recovered the size of WPBs. The results indicate that SMAP1 functions in preventing the degradation of cigar-shaped WPBs. On the other hand, AGFG2 downregulation resulted in the inhibition of vWF secretion upon Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or histamine stimulation, suggesting that AGFG2 plays a role in vWF exocytosis. Our study revealed unexpected roles of ArfGAPs in vWF transport. Summary: The Arf GTPase-activating proteins SMAP1 and AGFG2 regulate the size of Weibel-Palade bodies and exocytosis of von Willebrand factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asano Watanabe
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Hikari Hataida
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Naoya Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kamon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Keigo Baba
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Sasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Rika Kimura
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Honoka Sasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yuka Eura
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Wei-Fen Ni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, Kaohsiung, 80201, Taiwan
| | - Yuji Shibasaki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Koichi Kokame
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Yoko Shiba
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, Morioka, 020-8551, Japan
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25
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Sakamoto M, Sasaki K, Sugie A, Nitta Y, Kimura T, Gürsoy S, Cinleti T, Iai M, Sengoku T, Ogata K, Suzuki A, Okamoto N, Iwama K, Tsuchida N, Uchiyama Y, Koshimizu E, Fujita A, Hamanaka K, Miyatake S, Mizuguchi T, Taguri M, Ito S, Takahashi H, Miyake N, Matsumoto N. De novo ARF3 variants cause neurodevelopmental disorder with brain abnormality. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:69-81. [PMID: 34346499 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal Golgi transport system is important for mammalian cells. The adenosine diphosphate (ADP) ribosylation factors (ARF) are key proteins for regulating cargo sorting at the Golgi network. In this family, ARF3 mainly works at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), and no ARF3-related phenotypes have yet been described in humans. We here report the clinical and genetic evaluations of two unrelated children with de novo pathogenic variants in the ARF3 gene: c.200A > T (p.Asp67Val) and c.296G > T (p.Arg99Leu). Although the affected individuals presented commonly with developmental delay, epilepsy, and brain abnormalities, there were differences in severity, clinical course, and brain lesions. In vitro subcellular localization assays revealed that the p.Arg99Leu mutant localized to Golgi apparatus, similar to the wild-type, whereas the p.Asp67Val mutant tended to show a disperse cytosolic pattern together with abnormally dispersed Golgi localization, similar to that observed in a known dominant negative variant (p.Thr31Asn). Pull-down assays revealed that the p.Asp67Val had a loss-of-function effect and the p.Arg99Leu variant had increased binding of the adaptor protein, Golgi-localized, γ-adaptin ear-containing, ARF-binding protein 1 (GGA1), supporting the gain of function. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that p.Asp67Val transfection led to lethality in flies. In contrast, flies expressing p.Arg99Leu had abnormal rough eye, as observed in the gain-of-function variant p.Gln71Leu. These data indicate that two ARF3 variants, the possibly loss-of-function p.Asp67Val and the gain-of-function p.Arg99Leu, both impair the Golgi transport system. Therefore, it may not be unreasonable that they showed different clinical features like diffuse brain atrophy (p.Asp67Val) and cerebellar hypoplasia (p.Arg99Leu).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamune Sakamoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazunori Sasaki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sugie
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Yohei Nitta
- Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Kimura
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Semra Gürsoy
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, S.B.Ü. Dr. Behçet Uz Children's Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, 35210, Turkey
| | - Tayfun Cinleti
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Izumir, 35340, Turkey
| | - Mizue Iai
- Department of Neurology, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, 232-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Sengoku
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ogata
- Department of Biochemistry, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Suzuki
- Molecular Cellular Biology Laboratory, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Medical Genetics, Osaka Women's and Children's Hospital, Osaka, 594-1101, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Iwama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Naomi Tsuchida
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuri Uchiyama
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Rare Disease Genomics, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Eriko Koshimizu
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fujita
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Hamanaka
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoko Miyatake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Clinical Genetics Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Mizuguchi
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masataka Taguri
- Department of Data Science, Yokohama City University School of Data Science, Yokohama, 236-0027, Japan
| | - Shuuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hidehisa Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Noriko Miyake
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.,Department of Human Genetics, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Naomichi Matsumoto
- Department of Human Genetics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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26
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Adarska P, Wong-Dilworth L, Bottanelli F. ARF GTPases and Their Ubiquitous Role in Intracellular Trafficking Beyond the Golgi. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679046. [PMID: 34368129 PMCID: PMC8339471 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular switches of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) GTPase family coordinate intracellular trafficking at all sorting stations along the secretory pathway, from the ER-Golgi-intermediate compartment (ERGIC) to the plasma membrane (PM). Their GDP-GTP switch is essential to trigger numerous processes, including membrane deformation, cargo sorting and recruitment of downstream coat proteins and effectors, such as lipid modifying enzymes. While ARFs (in particular ARF1) had mainly been studied in the context of coat protein recruitment at the Golgi, COPI/clathrin-independent roles have emerged in the last decade. Here we review the roles of human ARF1-5 GTPases in cellular trafficking with a particular emphasis on their roles in post-Golgi secretory trafficking and in sorting in the endo-lysosomal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Adarska
- Institut für Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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27
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Fourriere L, Gleeson PA. Amyloid β production along the neuronal secretory pathway: Dangerous liaisons in the Golgi? Traffic 2021; 22:319-327. [PMID: 34189821 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are generated in intracellular compartments of neurons and secreted to form cytotoxic fibrils and plaques. Dysfunctional membrane trafficking contributes to aberrant Aβ production and Alzheimer's disease. Endosomes represent one of the major sites for Aβ production and recently the Golgi has re-emerged also as a major location for amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and Aβ production. Based on recent findings, here we propose that APP processing in the Golgi is finely tuned by segregating newly-synthesised APP and the β-secretase BACE1 within the Golgi and into distinct trans-Golgi network transport pathways. We hypothesise that there are multiple mechanisms responsible for segregating APP and BACE1 during transit through the Golgi, and that perturbation in Golgi morphology associated with Alzheimer's disease, and or changes in cholesterol metabolism associated with Alzheimer's disease risk factors, may lead to a loss of partitioning and enhanced Aβ production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lou Fourriere
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Gleeson
- The Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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28
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Deregulation of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100779. [PMID: 33461946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8 (ALS8) is one of a heterogeneous group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the death of motor neurons. ALS8 is caused by mutations in VAPB, a protein that acts at multiple membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and almost all other organelles and thus affects functions at diverse cellular locations. One prominent function mediated by VAPB at these sites is lipid exchange, and a recurrent phenotype observed in all models investigating knockout or knockdown of VAPs is a significant increase in the levels of phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate (PI4P). Here we consider the relevance of this PI4P deregulation in the development of ALS8 that might represent a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
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29
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Sager G, Szul T, Lee E, Kawai R, Presley JF, Sztul E. Modeling the dynamic behaviors of the COPI vesicle formation regulators, the small GTPase Arf1 and its activating Sec7 guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 on Golgi membranes. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:446-459. [PMID: 33405949 PMCID: PMC8098855 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-09-0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The components and subprocesses underlying the formation of COPI-coated vesicles at the Golgi are well understood. The coating cascade is initiated after the small GTPase Arf1 is activated by the Sec7 domain–containing guanine nucleotide exchange factor GBF1 (Golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1). This causes a conformational shift within Arf1 that facilitates stable association of Arf1 with the membrane, a process required for subsequent recruitment of the COPI coat. Although we have atomic-level knowledge of Arf1 activation by Sec7 domain–containing GEFs, our understanding of the biophysical processes regulating Arf1 and GBF1 dynamics is limited. We used fluorescence recovery after photobleaching data and kinetic Monte Carlo simulation to assess the behavior of Arf1 and GBF1 during COPI vesicle formation in live cells. Our analyses suggest that Arf1 and GBF1 associate with Golgi membranes independently, with an excess of GBF1 relative to Arf1. Furthermore, the GBF1-mediated Arf1 activation is much faster than GBF1 cycling on/off the membrane, suggesting that GBF1 is regulated by processes other than its interactions Arf1. Interestingly, modeling the behavior of the catalytically inactive GBF1/E794K mutant stabilized on the membrane is inconsistent with the formation of a stable complex between it and an endogenous Arf1 and suggests that GBF1/E794K is stabilized on the membrane independently of complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett Sager
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924.,Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
| | - Tomasz Szul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
| | - Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
| | - Ryoichi Kawai
- Department of Physics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
| | - John F Presley
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924
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30
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Borgese N, Navone F, Nukina N, Yamanaka T. Mutant VAPB: Culprit or Innocent Bystander of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2021; 4:25152564211022515. [PMID: 37366377 PMCID: PMC10243577 DOI: 10.1177/25152564211022515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Nearly twenty years ago a mutation in the VAPB gene, resulting in a proline to serine substitution (p.P56S), was identified as the cause of a rare, slowly progressing, familial form of the motor neuron degenerative disease Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Since then, progress in unravelling the mechanistic basis of this mutation has proceeded in parallel with research on the VAP proteins and on their role in establishing membrane contact sites between the ER and other organelles. Analysis of the literature on cellular and animal models reviewed here supports the conclusion that P56S-VAPB, which is aggregation-prone, non-functional and unstable, is expressed at levels that are insufficient to support toxic gain-of-function or dominant negative effects within motor neurons. Instead, insufficient levels of the product of the single wild-type allele appear to be required for pathological effects, and may be the main driver of the disease. In light of the multiple interactions of the VAP proteins, we address the consequences of specific VAPB depletion and highlight various affected processes that could contribute to motor neuron degeneration. In the future, distinction of specific roles of each of the two VAP paralogues should help to further elucidate the basis of p.P56S familial ALS, as well as of other more common forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nica Borgese
- CNR Institute of
Neuroscience, Vedano al Lambro (MB), Italy
| | | | - Nobuyuki Nukina
- Laboratory of Structural
Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science,
Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Laboratory of Structural
Neuropathology, Doshisha University Graduate School of Brain Science,
Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Toth AE, Holst MR, Nielsen MS. Vesicular Transport Machinery in Brain Endothelial Cells: What We Know and What We Do not. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1405-1416. [PMID: 32048959 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212113421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vesicular transport machinery regulates numerous essential functions in cells such as cell polarity, signaling pathways, and the transport of receptors and their cargoes. From a pharmaceutical perspective, vesicular transport offers avenues to facilitate the uptake of therapeutic agents into cells and across cellular barriers. In order to improve receptor-mediated transcytosis of biologics across the blood-brain barrier and into the diseased brain, a detailed understanding of intracellular transport mechanisms is essential. The vesicular transport machinery is a highly complex network and involves an array of protein complexes, cytosolic adaptor proteins, and the subcellular structures of the endo-lysosomal system. The endo-lysosomal system includes several types of vesicular entities such as early, late, and recycling endosomes, exosomes, ectosomes, retromer-coated vesicles, lysosomes, trans-endothelial channels, and tubules. While extensive research has been done on the trafficking system in many cell types, little is known about vesicular trafficking in brain endothelial cells. Consequently, assumptions on the transport system in endothelial cells are based on findings in polarised epithelial cells, although recent studies have highlighted differences in the endothelial system. This review highlights aspects of the vesicular trafficking machinery in brain endothelial cells, including recent findings, limitations, and opportunities for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E Toth
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Mikkel R Holst
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Morten S Nielsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldberg Gade 10, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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32
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De Tito S, Hervás JH, van Vliet AR, Tooze SA. The Golgi as an Assembly Line to the Autophagosome. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 45:484-496. [PMID: 32307224 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is traditionally depicted as a signaling cascade that culminates in the formation of an autophagosome that degrades cellular cargo. However, recent studies have identified myriad pathways and cellular organelles underlying the autophagy process, be it as signaling platforms or through the contribution of proteins and lipids. The Golgi complex is recognized as being a central transport hub in the cell, with a critical role in endocytic trafficking and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to plasma membrane (PM) transport. However, the Golgi is also an important site of key autophagy regulators, including the protein autophagy-related (ATG)-9A and the lipid, phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P]. In this review, we highlight the central function of this organelle in autophagy as a transport hub supplying various components of autophagosome formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano De Tito
- The Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Javier H Hervás
- The Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK; Instituto Biofisika (CSIC, UPV/EHU), Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad del País Vasco, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Alexander R van Vliet
- The Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- The Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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33
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Bekku Y, Salzer JL. Independent anterograde transport and retrograde cotransport of domain components of myelinated axons. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201906071. [PMID: 32289157 PMCID: PMC7265310 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201906071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons are highly polarized cells organized into functionally and molecularly distinct domains. A key question is whether the multiprotein complexes that comprise these domains are preassembled, transported, and inserted as a complex or whether their components are transported independently and assemble locally. Here, we have dynamically imaged, in pairwise combinations, the vesicular transport of fluorescently tagged components of the nodes of Ranvier and other myelinated axonal domains in sensory neurons cultured alone or together with Schwann cells at the onset of myelination. In general, most proteins are transported independently in the anterograde direction. In contrast, there is substantial cotransport of proteins from distinct domains in the retrograde direction likely due to coendocytosis along the axon. Early myelination did not substantially change these patterns of transport, although it increased the overall numbers of axonal transport vesicles. Our results indicate domain components are transported in separate vesicles for local assembly, not as preformed complexes, and implicate endocytosis along axons as a mechanism of clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James L. Salzer
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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34
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Arbo B, Cechinel L, Palazzo R, Siqueira I. Endosomal dysfunction impacts extracellular vesicle release: Central role in Aβ pathology. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 58:101006. [PMID: 31891813 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.101006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive abilities; senile plaques represent the major histopathological findings. Amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing machinery, and its product amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide, have been found in extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, which allows for Aβ peptide aggregation and subsequent senile plaques deposition. We review the APP processing imbalance in EVs, autophagic and endosomal pathways in AD. Increased intraluminal vesicle (ILV) production and exosome release appear to counteract the endosomal dysfunction of APP processing; however, this process results in elevated amyloidogenic processing of APP and augmented senile plaque deposition. Several players related to APP processing and dysfunctional endosomal-lysosomal-exosomal (and other EVs) pathway are described, and the interconnected systems are discussed. The components Arc, p75, Rab11 and retromer complex emerge as candidates for key convergent mechanisms that lead to increased EVs loaded with APP machinery and Aβ levels, in atrophy and damage of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in AD.
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35
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The ER-Localized Transmembrane Protein TMEM39A/SUSR2 Regulates Autophagy by Controlling the Trafficking of the PtdIns(4)P Phosphatase SAC1. Mol Cell 2020; 77:618-632.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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36
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Tan JZA, Fourriere L, Wang J, Perez F, Boncompain G, Gleeson PA. Distinct anterograde trafficking pathways of BACE1 and amyloid precursor protein from the TGN and the regulation of amyloid-β production. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:27-44. [PMID: 31746668 PMCID: PMC6938271 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e19-09-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β-secretase BACE1 is the initial step of the amyloidogenic pathway to generate amyloid-β (Aβ). Although newly synthesized BACE1 and APP are transported along the secretory pathway, it is not known whether BACE1 and APP share the same post-Golgi trafficking pathways or are partitioned into different transport routes. Here we demonstrate that BACE1 exits the Golgi in HeLa cells and primary neurons by a pathway distinct from the trafficking pathway for APP. By using the Retention Using Selective Hooks system, we show that BACE1 is transported from the trans-Golgi network to the plasma membrane in an AP-1- and Arf1/4-dependent manner. Subsequently, BACE1 is endocytosed to early and recycling endosomes. Perturbation of BACE1 post-Golgi trafficking results in an increase in BACE1 cleavage of APP and increased production of both Aβ40 and Aβ42. These findings reveal that Golgi exit of BACE1 and APP in primary neurons is tightly regulated, resulting in their segregation along different transport routes, which limits APP processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhi A. Tan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Lou Fourriere
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Jingqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Franck Perez
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Boncompain
- Dynamics of Intracellular Organization Laboratory, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, 75248 Paris, France
| | - Paul A. Gleeson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
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37
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Makowski SL, Kuna RS, Field SJ. Induction of membrane curvature by proteins involved in Golgi trafficking. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 75:100661. [PMID: 31668661 PMCID: PMC7056495 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus serves a key role in processing and sorting lipids and proteins for delivery to their final cellular destinations. Vesicle exit from the Golgi initiates with directional deformation of the lipid bilayer to produce a bulge. Several mechanisms have been described by which lipids and proteins can induce directional membrane curvature to promote vesicle budding. Here we review some of the mechanisms implicated in inducing membrane curvature at the Golgi to promote vesicular trafficking to various cellular destinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie L Makowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Ramya S Kuna
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Seth J Field
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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