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Ruppert Z, Neuperger P, Rákóczi B, Gémes N, Dukay B, Hajdu P, Péter M, Balogh G, Tiszlavicz L, Vígh L, Török Z, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ, Tóth ME. Characterization of obesity-related diseases and inflammation using single cell immunophenotyping in two different diet-induced obesity models. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41366-024-01584-6. [PMID: 39004641 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem worldwide and a major risk factor for many chronic diseases. The accumulation of adipose tissue leads to the release of significant amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines, resulting in a low-grade systemic inflammation. However, the mechanisms behind the development of obesity-related diseases are not fully understood. Therefore, our study aimed to investigate the pathological changes and inflammatory processes at systemic level and in individual organs in two different diet-induced mouse obesity models. METHODS Male C57BL6/J mice were fed by high-fat diet (HFD), high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD + FR) or normal chow for 21 weeks starting at 3 months of age (n = 15 animals/group). Insulin resistance was tested by oral glucose tolerance test. Pathological changes were investigated on hematoxylin-eosin-stained liver and brown adipose tissue sections. The gene expression levels of adipokines and cytokines were analyzed by qPCR in adipose tissues, whereas serum protein concentrations were determined by multiplex immunoassays. Immunophenotyping of isolated blood, bone marrow and spleen cells was performed by single-cell mass cytometry. RESULTS Weight gain, glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis were more severe in the HFD + FR group than in the control and HFD groups. This was accompanied by a higher level of systemic inflammation, as indicated by increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes in visceral white adipose tissue and by a higher serum TNFα level. In addition, immunophenotyping revealed the increase of the surface expressions of CD44 and CD69 on various cell types, such as CD8+ and CD4 + T-cells, B-cells and macrophages, in animals with obesity. CONCLUSIONS The combination of HFD with fructose supplementation promotes more properly the symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Therefore, the combined high-fat/high-fructose nutrition can be a more suitable model of the Western diet. However, despite these differences, both models showed immunophenotypic changes that may be associated with increased risk of obesity-related cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsófia Ruppert
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bettina Rákóczi
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Brigitta Dukay
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petra Hajdu
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mária Péter
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Tiszlavicz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László Vígh
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Core Facility, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H6725, Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Laboratory of Molecular Stress Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
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Luo Z, Liu X, Chen Y, Shen L, Qin H, Zha Q, Hu F, Wang Y. Gene features of tumor-specific T cells relevant to immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy in lung cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28374. [PMID: 38590880 PMCID: PMC10999884 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
1 Background In lung cancer, the use of small-molecule inhibitors, chemotherapy and immunotherapy has led to unprecedented survival benefits in selected patients. Considering most patients will experience a relapse within a short period of time due to single drug resistance, combination therapy is also particularly important to improve patient prognosis. Therefore, more robust biomarkers to predict responses to immunotherapy, targeted therapy, chemotherapy and rationally drug combination therapies may be helpful in clinical treatment choices. 2 Methods We defined tumor-specific T cells (TSTs) and their features (TSTGs) by single-cell RNA sequencing. We applied LASSO regression to filter out the most survival-relevant TSTGs to form the Tumor-specific T cell score (TSTS). Immunological characteristics, enriched pathways, and mutation were evaluated in high- and low TSTS groups. 3 Results We identified six clusters of T cells as TSTs in lung cancer, and four most robust genes from 9 feature genes expressed only on tumor-specific T cells were screened to construct a tumor-specific T cells score (TSTS). TSTS was positively correlated with immune infiltration and angiogenesis and negatively correlated with malignant cell proliferation. Moreover, potential vascular-immune crosstalk in lung cancer provides the theoretical basis for combined anti-angiogenic and immunotherapy. Noticeable, patients in high TSTS had better response to ICB and targeted therapy and patients in the low TSTS group often benefit from chemotherapy. 4 Conclusion The proposed TSTS is a promising indicator to predict immunotherapy, targeted therapy and chemotherapy responses in lung cancer patients for helping clinical treatment choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xuefei Liu
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Pediatrics, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518038, China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Lize Shen
- LC-Bio Technology Co.ltd, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Hui Qin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiongfang Zha
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200120, China
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3
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Gémes N, Balog JÁ, Neuperger P, Schlegl E, Barta I, Fillinger J, Antus B, Zvara Á, Hegedűs Z, Czimmerer Z, Manczinger M, Balogh GM, Tóvári J, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Single-cell immunophenotyping revealed the association of CD4+ central and CD4+ effector memory T cells linking exacerbating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and NSCLC. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297577. [PMID: 38187374 PMCID: PMC10770259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tobacco smoking generates airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and its involvement in the development of lung cancer is still among the leading causes of early death. Therefore, we aimed to have a better understanding of the disbalance in immunoregulation in chronic inflammatory conditions in smoker subjects with stable COPD (stCOPD), exacerbating COPD (exCOPD), or non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Smoker controls without chronic illness were recruited as controls. Through extensive mapping of single cells, surface receptor quantification was achieved by single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF) with 29 antibodies. The CyTOF characterized 14 main immune subsets such as CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+, CD4-/CD8-, and γ/δ T cells and other subsets such as CD4+ or CD8+ NKT cells, NK cells, B cells, plasmablasts, monocytes, CD11cdim, mDCs, and pDCs. The CD4+ central memory (CM) T cells (CD4+/CD45RA-/CD45RO+/CD197+) and CD4+ effector memory (EM) T cells (CD4+/CD45RA-/CD45RO+/CD197-) were FACS-sorted for RNA-Seq analysis. Plasma samples were assayed by Luminex MAGPIX® for the quantitative measurement of 17 soluble immuno-oncology mediators (BTLA, CD28, CD80, CD27, CD40, CD86, CTLA-4, GITR, GITRL, HVEM, ICOS, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, TIM-3, TLR-2) in the four studied groups. Results Our focus was on T-cell-dependent differences in COPD and NSCLC, where peripheral CD4+ central memory and CD4+ effector memory cells showed a significant reduction in exCOPD and CD4+ CM showed elevation in NSCLC. The transcriptome analysis delineated a perfect correlation of differentially expressed genes between exacerbating COPD and NSCLC-derived peripheral CD4+ CM or CD4+ EM cells. The measurement of 17 immuno-oncology soluble mediators revealed a disease-associated phenotype in the peripheral blood of stCOPD, exCOPD, and NSCLC patients. Discussion The applied single-cell mass cytometry, the whole transcriptome profiling of peripheral CD4+ memory cells, and the quantification of 17 plasma mediators provided complex data that may contribute to the understanding of the disbalance in immune homeostasis generated or sustained by tobacco smoking in COPD and NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Barta
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Fillinger
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Antus
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Zvara
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hegedűs
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Czimmerer
- Macrophage Polarization Group, Institute of Genetics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Máté Manczinger
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Mihály Balogh
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Institute of Biochemistry, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Avicor Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
- Avidin Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Kozármisleny, Hungary
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Neuperger P, Szalontai K, Gémes N, Balog JÁ, Tiszlavicz L, Furák J, Lázár G, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Single-cell mass cytometric analysis of peripheral immunity and multiplex plasma marker profiling of non-small cell lung cancer patients receiving PD-1 targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors in comparison with platinum-based chemotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1243233. [PMID: 37901220 PMCID: PMC10611454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1243233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The effect of platinum-based chemotherapy (Chem.) and second- or multiple- line immune checkpoint PD-1 blocking therapy by Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab (ICI) was assayed in the peripheral blood of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect NSCLC-related antigen binding IgG antibodies. The Luminex MagPix multiplex bead-based cytokine/chemokine detecting system was used to quantitatively measure 17 soluble markers in the plasma samples. Single-cell mass cytometry was applied for the immunophenotyping of peripheral leukocytes. Results The incubation of patient derived plasma with human NSCLC tumor cell lines, such as A549, H1975, and H1650, detected NSCLC-specific antibodies reaching a maximum of up to 32% reactive IgG-positive NSCLC cells. The following markers were detected in significantly higher concentration in the plasma of Chem. group versus healthy non-smoker and smoker controls: BTLA, CD27, CD28, CD40, CD80, CD86, GITRL, ICOS, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, and TLR-2. The following markers were detected in significantly higher concentration in the plasma of ICI group versus healthy non-smoker and smoker controls: CD27, CD28, CD40, GITRL, LAG-3, PD-1, PD-L1, and TLR-2. We showed the induction of CD69 and IL-2R on CD4+ CD25+ T-cells upon chemotherapy; the exhaustion of one CD8+ T-cell population was detected by the loss of CD127 and a decrease in CD27. CD19+CD20+, CD79B+, or activated B-cell subtypes showed CD69 increase and downregulation of BTLA, CD27, and IL-2R in NSCLC patients following chemotherapy or ICI. Discussion Peripheral immunophenotype caused by chemotherapy or PD-1 blocking was shown in the context of advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - György Lázár
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Avicor Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Kozármisleny, Hungary
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5
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Therapeutic strategies for non-small cell lung cancer: Experimental models and emerging biomarkers to monitor drug efficacies. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108347. [PMID: 36642389 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
While new targeted therapies have considerably changed the treatment and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), they are frequently unsuccessful due to primary or acquired resistances. Chemoresistance is a complex process that combines cancer cell intrinsic mechanisms including molecular and genetic abnormalities, aberrant interactions within the tumor microenvironment, and the pharmacokinetic characteristics of each molecule. From a pharmacological point of view, two levers could improve the response to treatment: (i) developing tools to predict the response to chemo- and targeted therapies and (ii) gaining a better understanding of the influence of the tumor microenvironment. Both personalized medicine approaches require the identification of relevant experimental models and biomarkers to understand and fight against chemoresistance mechanisms. After describing the main therapies in NSCLC, the scope of this review will be to identify and to discuss relevant in vitro and ex vivo experimental models that are able to mimic tumors. In addition, the interests of these models in the predictive responses to proposed therapies will be discussed. Finally, this review will evaluate the involvement of novel secreted biomarkers such as tumor DNA or micro RNA in predicting responses to anti-tumor therapies.
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Gémes N, Makra Z, Neuperger P, Szabó E, Balog JÁ, Flink LB, Kari B, Hackler L, Puskás LG, Kanizsai I, Szebeni GJ. A cytotoxic survey on
2‐amino‐1H‐imidazol
based synthetic marine sponge alkaloid analogues. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:1906-1922. [PMID: 36322473 PMCID: PMC10091778 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the synthesis and biologic activity evaluation of 20 novel synthetic marine sponge alkaloid analogues with 2-amino-1H-imidazol (2-AI) core. Cytotoxicity was tested on murine 4T1 breast cancer, A549 human lung cancer, and HL-60 human myeloid leukemia cells by the resazurin assay. A total of 18 of 20 compounds showed cytotoxic effect on the cancer cell lines with different potential. Viability of healthy human fibroblasts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells upon treatment was less hampered compared to cancer cell lines supporting tumor cell specific cytotoxicity of our compounds. The most cytotoxic compounds resulted the following IC50 values 28: 2.91 µM on HL-60 cells, and 29: 3.1 µM on 4T1 cells. The A549 cells were less sensitive to the treatments with IC50 15 µM for both 28 and 29. Flow cytometry demonstrated the apoptotic effect of the most active seven compounds inducing phosphatidylserine exposure and sub-G1 fragmentation of nuclear DNA. Cell cycle arrest was also observed. Four compounds caused depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential as an early event of apoptosis. Two lead compounds inhibited tumor growth in vivo in the 4T1 triple negative breast cancer and A549 human lung adenocarcinoma xenograft models. Novel marine sponge alkaloid analogues are demonstrated as potential anticancer agents for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
- PhD School in Biology University of Szeged Szeged Hungary
| | | | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
| | - Enikő Szabó
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
| | - Lili Borbála Flink
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology University of Szeged Szeged Hungary
| | | | | | - László. G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
- Avidin Ltd Szeged Hungary
| | | | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics Biological Research Centre Szeged Hungary
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics University of Szeged Szeged Hungary
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Nguyen TL, Pradeep S, Judson-Torres RL, Reed J, Teitell MA, Zangle TA. Quantitative Phase Imaging: Recent Advances and Expanding Potential in Biomedicine. ACS NANO 2022; 16:11516-11544. [PMID: 35916417 PMCID: PMC10112851 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a label-free, wide-field microscopy approach with significant opportunities for biomedical applications. QPI uses the natural phase shift of light as it passes through a transparent object, such as a mammalian cell, to quantify biomass distribution and spatial and temporal changes in biomass. Reported in cell studies more than 60 years ago, ongoing advances in QPI hardware and software are leading to numerous applications in biology, with a dramatic expansion in utility over the past two decades. Today, investigations of cell size, morphology, behavior, cellular viscoelasticity, drug efficacy, biomass accumulation and turnover, and transport mechanics are supporting studies of development, physiology, neural activity, cancer, and additional physiological processes and diseases. Here, we review the field of QPI in biology starting with underlying principles, followed by a discussion of technical approaches currently available or being developed, and end with an examination of the breadth of applications in use or under development. We comment on strengths and shortcomings for the deployment of QPI in key biomedical contexts and conclude with emerging challenges and opportunities based on combining QPI with other methodologies that expand the scope and utility of QPI even further.
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Analysis of the Single-Cell Heterogeneity of Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines and the Investigation of Intratumor Heterogeneity Reveals the Expression of Transmembrane Protein 45A (TMEM45A) in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010144. [PMID: 35008313 PMCID: PMC8750076 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is responsible for the majority of difficulties encountered in the treatment of lung-cancer patients. Therefore, the heterogeneity of NSCLC cell lines and primary lung adenocarcinoma was investigated by single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). Human NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells A549, H1975, and H1650 were studied at single-cell resolution for the expression pattern of 13 markers: GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, CD66, CD274, CD24, CD326, pan-keratin, TRA-1-60, galectin-3, galectin-1, and EGFR. The intra- and inter-cell-line heterogeneity of A549, H1975, and H1650 cells were demonstrated through hypoxic modeling. Additionally, human primary lung adenocarcinoma, and non-involved healthy lung tissue were homogenized to prepare a single-cell suspension for CyTOF analysis. The single-cell heterogeneity was confirmed using unsupervised viSNE and FlowSOM analysis. Our results also show, for the first time, that TMEM45A is expressed in lung adenocarcinoma. Abstract Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) is responsible for the majority of difficulties encountered in the treatment of lung-cancer patients. Therefore, the heterogeneity of NSCLC cell lines and primary lung adenocarcinoma was investigated by single-cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). First, we studied the single-cell heterogeneity of frequent NSCLC adenocarcinoma models, such as A549, H1975, and H1650. The intra- and inter-cell-line single-cell heterogeneity is represented in the expression patterns of 13 markers—namely GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, CD66, CD274 (PD-L1), CD24, CD326 (EpCAM), pan-keratin, TRA-1-60, galectin-3, galectin-1, and EGFR. The qRT-PCR and CyTOF analyses revealed that a hypoxic microenvironment and altered metabolism may influence cell-line heterogeneity. Additionally, human primary lung adenocarcinoma and non-involved healthy lung tissue biopsies were homogenized to prepare a single-cell suspension for CyTOF analysis. The CyTOF showed the ITH of human primary lung adenocarcinoma for 14 markers; particularly, the higher expressions of GLUT1, MCT4, CA9, TMEM45A, and CD66 were associated with the lung-tumor tissue. Our single-cell results are the first to demonstrate TMEM45A expression in human lung adenocarcinoma, which was verified by immunohistochemistry.
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Kulmány ÁE, Frank É, Papp D, Szekeres A, Szebeni GJ, Zupkó I. Biological evaluation of antiproliferative and anti-invasive properties of an androstadiene derivative on human cervical cancer cell lines. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105990. [PMID: 34478830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Gynaecological cancers are leading cause of death: breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed type of malignancies, and cervical neoplasms rank fourth for both incidence and mortality among women worldwide. In one of our previous studies, favourable antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of a newly synthesized androstane derivative, 17APAD have been demonstrated on breast cancer cell lines with different expression patterns of hormone receptors. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antitumoral potential of this molecule in cervical cancer cell lines, including SiHa cells positive for human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and HPV-negative C33A cells. 17APAD exerted pronounced growth-inhibition (with IC50 values ranging from 0.76 to 1.72 μM with considerable cancer selectivity), while cisplatin used as a reference agent yielded higher IC50 values (ranging from 3.69 to 12.43) and less selectivity, as evidenced by MTT assay. The proapoptotic effect and morphological changes induced by 17APAD were detected by Hoechst 33258-propidium iodide or Annexin V-Alexa488-propidium iodide fluorescent double staining methods, supplemented with a caspase-3 activity assay to identify the mechanism behind the programmed cell death induced by 17APAD. Additionally, significant and concentration-dependent elevation of the ratio of cells in the G2/M phase, on the expense of G0/G1 phase, was observed after 48 h of exposure to 17APAD. Besides its potent antiproliferative properties against both cervical cancer cell lines, 17APAD elicited a remarkable inhibition of cell migration and invasion as detected in wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays, respectively. The mechanisms of action underlying the effects of 17APAD on cell proliferation and motility were independent of androgenic activity, as demonstrated by the Yeast Androgen Screen method. Our results provide new evidence for the proapoptotic and anti-invasive properties of 17APAD, suggesting that it is worth of further research, as a promising prototype for designing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes E Kulmány
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Éva Frank
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Papp
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - András Szekeres
- Department of Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - István Zupkó
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Szalontai K, Gémes N, Furák J, Varga T, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132889. [PMID: 34209651 PMCID: PMC8268950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Szalontai
- Csongrád County Hospital of Chest Diseases, Alkotmány u. 36., H6772 Deszk, Hungary;
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8., H6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Varga
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Avicor Ltd. Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14., H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Antiproliferative and antimetastatic characterization of an exo-heterocyclic androstane derivative against human breast cancer cell lines. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 140:111728. [PMID: 34020244 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer in general, and specifically gynaecological neoplasms, represents a major public health issue worldwide. Based on the effect of sex hormones on breast tumorigenesis and prognosis, as well as on the development of breast cancer metastases, modification of the steroid skeleton is a hotspot of research for novel anticancer agents. Numerous recent studies support that minor modifications of the androstane skeleton yield potent antiproliferative and antimetastatic drug candidates. The aim of the present study was to assess the antitumor and antimetastatic properties, as well as the mechanism of action of a D-ring-modified exo-heterocyclic androstadiene derivative named 17APAD. The test compound was found to be highly selective towards human breast cancer-derived cell lines (MCF-7, T47D, MDA-MB-361, MDA-MB-231) compared to non-cancerous fibroblast cells (NIH/3T3), and exerted superior effect compared to the clinically applied reference drug cisplatin. Changes in MCF-7- and MDA-MB-231 cell morphology and membrane integrity induced by the test substance were assessed by fluorescent double staining. Cell cycle disturbances were analyzed by flow cytometry, and concentration-dependent alterations were detected on breast cancer cell lines. Mitochondrial apoptosis induced by the test compound was demonstrated by JC-1 staining. Inhibitory effects on metastasis formation, including the inhibition of migration, invasion and intravasation were investigated in 2D and 3D models. Significant anti-migratory and anti-invasive effects on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were detected after 24 h exposure in 2D wound healing and Boyden-chamber assays. The anti-intravasative properties of 17APAD were evident after 4 h of incubation in a co-culture 3D circular chemorepellent-induced defects (CCID) assay, and the level of inhibition at concentrations ≥2 µM was comparable to that exerted by the focal adhesion kinase inhibitor defactinib. Single cell mass cytometry revealed that chemosensitive subpopulations of MDA-MB-231 cells engaged to apoptosis were less positive for EGFR, CD274, and CD326, while the percentage of cells positive for GLUT1, MCT4, Pan-Keratin, CD66(a,c,e), Galectin-3 and TMEM45A increased in response to 17APAD treatment. Finally, the novel androstane analogue 17APAD had an outstanding inhibitory effect on tumour growth in the 4T1 orthotopic murine breast cancer model in vivo after 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration. These findings support that substitution of the androsta-5,16-diene framework with a N-containing heterocyclic moiety at C17 position yields a molecular entity rational to be considered for design and synthesis of novel, effective antitumor agents, and 17APAD is worth further investigation as a promising anticancer drug candidate.
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Balog JÁ, Honti V, Kurucz É, Kari B, Puskás LG, Andó I, Szebeni GJ. Immunoprofiling of Drosophila Hemocytes by Single-cell Mass Cytometry. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2021; 19:243-252. [PMID: 33713850 PMCID: PMC8602394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2020.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-cell mass cytometry (SCMC) combines features of traditional flow cytometry (i.e., fluorescence-activated cell sorting) with mass spectrometry, making it possible to measure several parameters at the single-cell level for a complex analysis of biological regulatory mechanisms. In this study, weoptimizedSCMC to analyze hemocytes of the Drosophila innate immune system. We used metal-conjugated antibodies (against cell surface antigens H2, H3, H18, L1, L4, and P1, and intracellular antigens 3A5 and L2) and anti-IgM (against cell surface antigen L6) to detect the levels of antigens, while anti-GFP was used to detect crystal cells in the immune-induced samples. We investigated the antigen expression profile of single cells and hemocyte populations in naive states, in immune-induced states, in tumorous mutants bearing a driver mutation in the Drosophila homologue of Janus kinase (hopTum) and carrying a deficiency of the tumor suppressor gene lethal(3)malignant blood neoplasm-1 [l(3)mbn1], as well as in stem cell maintenance-defective hdcΔ84 mutant larvae. Multidimensional analysis enabled the discrimination of the functionally different major hemocyte subsets for lamellocytes, plasmatocytes, and crystal cells, anddelineated the unique immunophenotype of Drosophila mutants. We have identified subpopulations of L2+/P1+ and L2+/L4+/P1+ transitional phenotype cells in the tumorous strains l(3)mbn1 and hopTum, respectively, and a subpopulation of L4+/P1+ cells upon immune induction. Our results demonstrated for the first time that SCMC, combined with multidimensional bioinformatic analysis, represents a versatile and powerful tool to deeply analyze the regulation of cell-mediated immunity of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Á Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; University of Szeged, Ph.D. School in Biology, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Viktor Honti
- Immunology Unit, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Éva Kurucz
- Immunology Unit, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - Beáta Kari
- Immunology Unit, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - László G Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary
| | - István Andó
- Immunology Unit, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
| | - Gábor J Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Centre, Szeged H-6726, Hungary; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6726, Hungary.
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Bingham GC, Lee F, Naba A, Barker TH. Spatial-omics: Novel approaches to probe cell heterogeneity and extracellular matrix biology. Matrix Biol 2020; 91-92:152-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Cells are known to be the most fundamental building block of life[...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Subhra Santra
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Tamil Nadu 600036, India
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan;
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Imidazo[1,2- b]pyrazole-7-Carboxamide Derivative Induces Differentiation-Coupled Apoptosis of Immature Myeloid Cells Such as Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145135. [PMID: 32698503 PMCID: PMC7404197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced differentiation of immature myeloid progenitors, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells or myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), has remained a challenge for the clinicians. Testing our imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole-7-carboxamide derivative on HL-60 cells, we obtained ERK phosphorylation as an early survival response to treatment followed by the increase of the percentage of the Bcl-xlbright and pAktbright cells. Following the induction of Vav1 and the AP-1 complex, a driver of cellular differentiation, FOS, JUN, JUNB, and JUND were elevated on a concentration and time-dependent manner. As a proof of granulocytic differentiation, the cells remained non-adherent, the expression of CD33 decreased; the granularity, CD11b expression, and MPO activity of HL-60 cells increased upon treatment. Finally, viability of HL-60 cells was hampered shown by the depolarization of mitochondria, activation of caspase-3, cleavage of Z-DEVD-aLUC, appearance of the sub-G1 population, and the leakage of the lactate-dehydrogenase into the supernatant. We confirmed the differentiating effect of our drug candidate on human patient-derived AML cells shown by the increase of CD11b and decrease of CD33+, CD7+, CD206+, and CD38bright cells followed apoptosis (IC50: 80 nM) after treatment ex vivo. Our compound reduced both CD11b+/Ly6C+ and CD11b+/Ly6G+ splenic MDSCs from the murine 4T1 breast cancer model ex vivo.
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Kao MW, Su YC, Liang PI, Wu YY, Hong TM. Low Galectin-3 Expression Level in Primary Tumors Is Associated with Metastasis in T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061990. [PMID: 32630393 PMCID: PMC7355842 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Although nodal and distant metastasis is rare in T1 lung adenocarcinoma, it is related to poor clinical prognosis. Association between galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression level, and clinical outcome of T1 lung adenocarcinoma has not been clarified. METHODS From January 2009 to December 2014, 74 patients with surgically resected T1 lung adenocarcinoma were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study. Patient outcomes were followed up until December 2019. Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was assessed immunohistochemically and evaluated based on the staining intensity and percentage. Patient characteristics and correlation between Gal-3 expression level and clinical outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Low Gal-3 expression was associated with increased metastatic events (p = 0.03), especially distant metastasis (p = 0.007), and mortality rate (p = 0.04). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that high Gal-3 expression level was associated with favorable recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.048) and T1a (≤ 2 cm, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th edition) lung adenocarcinoma (log-rank p = 0.043). Gal-3 expression along with tumor size showed a larger area under curve (AUC) than tumor size alone for predicting metastatic events (AUC = 0.747 vs. 0.681) and recurrence (AUC = 0.813 vs. 0.766) in T1a lung adenocarcinoma in the receiver-operating characteristic curve. CONCLUSION Low Gal-3 expression level in primary tumors was remarkably associated with increased metastatic events and reduced recurrence-free survival in T1 lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that Gal-3 expression level in addition to tumor size may potentially be stronger than tumor size alone in predicting metastasis in T1a lung adenocarcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Wei Kao
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, E-Da Hospital, and College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
| | - Yue-Chiu Su
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (P.-I.L.)
| | - Peir-In Liang
- Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80756, Taiwan; (Y.-C.S.); (P.-I.L.)
| | - Yi-Ying Wu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Ming Hong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-235-3535 (ext. 4259)
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Resolving Metabolic Heterogeneity in Experimental Models of the Tumor Microenvironment from a Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics Perspective. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060249. [PMID: 32549391 PMCID: PMC7345423 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises complex interactions of multiple cell types that determines cell behavior and metabolism such as nutrient competition and immune suppression. We discuss the various types of heterogeneity that exist in solid tumors, and the complications this invokes for studies of TME. As human subjects and in vivo model systems are complex and difficult to manipulate, simpler 3D model systems that are compatible with flexible experimental control are necessary for studying metabolic regulation in TME. Stable Isotope Resolved Metabolomics (SIRM) is a valuable tool for tracing metabolic networks in complex systems, but at present does not directly address heterogeneous metabolism at the individual cell level. We compare the advantages and disadvantages of different model systems for SIRM experiments, with a focus on lung cancer cells, their interactions with macrophages and T cells, and their response to modulators in the immune microenvironment. We describe the experimental set up, illustrate results from 3D cultures and co-cultures of lung cancer cells with human macrophages, and outline strategies to address the heterogeneous TME.
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Single Cell Mass Cytometry Revealed the Immunomodulatory Effect of Cisplatin Via Downregulation of Splenic CD44+, IL-17A+ MDSCs and Promotion of Circulating IFN-γ+ Myeloid Cells in the 4T1 Metastatic Breast Cancer Model. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010170. [PMID: 31881770 PMCID: PMC6982301 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic breast cancer remained a challenge despite the recent breakthrough in the immunotherapy regimens. Here, we addressed the multidimensional immunophenotyping of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer by the state-of-the-art single cell mass cytometry (CyTOF). We determined the dose and time dependent cytotoxicity of cisplatin on 4T1 cells by the xCelligence real-time electronic sensing assay. Cisplatin treatment reduced tumor growth, number of lung metastasis, and the splenomegaly of 4T1 tumor bearing mice. We showed that cisplatin inhibited the tumor stroma formation, the polarization of carcinoma-associated fibroblasts by the diminished proteolytic activity of fibroblast activating protein. The CyTOF analysis revealed the emergence of CD11b+/Gr-1+/CD44+ or CD11b+/Gr-1+/IL-17A+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the absence of B220+ or CD62L+ B-cells, the CD62L+/CD4+ and CD62L+/CD8+ T-cells in the spleen of advanced cancer. We could show the immunomodulatory effect of cisplatin via the suppression of splenic MDSCs and via the promotion of peripheral IFN-γ+ myeloid cells. Our data could support the use of low dose chemotherapy with cisplatin as an immunomodulatory agent for metastatic triple negative breast cancer.
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