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Sahu P, Camarillo IG, Dettin M, Zamuner A, Teresa Conconi M, Barozzi M, Giri P, Sundararajan R, Sieni E. Electroporation enhances cell death in 3D scaffold-based MDA-MB-231 cells treated with metformin. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 159:108734. [PMID: 38762949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2024.108734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer lacks estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors and hence, is therapeutically challenging. Towards this, we studied an alternate therapy by repurposing metformin (FDA-approved type-2 diabetic drug with anticancer properties) in a 3D-scaffold culture, with electrical pulses. 3D cell culture was used to simulate the tumor microenvironment more closely and MDA-MB-231, human TNBC cells, treated with both 5 mM metformin (Met) and 8 electrical pulses at 2500 V/cm, 10 µs (EP1) and 800 V/cm, 100 µs (EP2) at 1 Hz were studied in 3D and 2D. They were characterized using cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), glucose uptake, and lactate production assays at 24 h. Cell viability, as low as 20 % was obtained with EP1 + 5 mM Met. They exhibited 1.65-fold lower cell viability than 2D with EP1 + 5 mM Met. ROS levels indicated a 2-fold increase in oxidative stress for EP1 + 5 mM Met, while the glucose uptake was limited to only 9 %. No significant change in the lactate production indicated glycolytic arrest and a non-conducive environment for MDA-MB-231 growth. Our results indicate that 3D cell culture, with a more realistic tumor environment that enhances cell death using metformin and electrical pulses could be a promising approach for TNBC therapeutic intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sahu
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ignacio G Camarillo
- Deptartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova 35122, Italy; Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy
| | - Marco Barozzi
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Pragatheiswar Giri
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Raji Sundararajan
- School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy.
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Ferretti L, Moccia V, Centelleghe C, Venerando A, Dettin M, Sieni E, Zamuner A, Caicci F, Castagnaro M, Zappulli V, Mazzariol S. Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) immortalized fibroblasts on novel 3D in vitro collagen-free scaffolds. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304992. [PMID: 38861523 PMCID: PMC11166351 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Dolphins, as apex predators, can be considered relevant sentinels of the health of marine ecosystems. The creation of 3D cell models to assess in vitro cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix interactions in environmental-mimicking conditions, is of considerable interest. However, to date the establishment of cetacean 3D culture systems has not yet been accomplished. Thus, in this study, different 3D systems of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) skin fibroblasts have been analyzed. Particularly, novel scaffolds based on hyaluronic acid and ionic-complementary self-assembling peptides such as RGD-EAbuK and EAbuK-IKVAV have been compared to Matrigel. Histological and fluorescent staining, electron microscopy (TEM) analyses and viability assays have been performed and RT-PCR has been used to detect extracellular matrix (ECM) components produced by cells. Results showed that Matrigel induced cells to form aggregates with lower viability and no ECM production compared to the novel scaffolds. Moreover, scaffolds allowed dispersed cells to produce a collagenous ECM containing collagen1a1, laminin B1 and elastin. The HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold resulted in the most suitable 3D model in terms of cell quantity and viability. The development of this innovative approach is the first step towards the possibility to create 3D in vitro models for this protected species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucrezia Ferretti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Moccia
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Cinzia Centelleghe
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Venerando
- Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, Insubria University, Varese, Italy
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Sandro Mazzariol
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
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Zamuner A, Dettin M, Dall'Olmo L, Campana LG, Mognaschi ME, Conconi MT, Sieni E. Development of 3D melanoma cultures on a hyaluronic acid-based scaffold with synthetic self-assembling peptides: Electroporation enhancement. Bioelectrochemistry 2024; 156:108624. [PMID: 38104458 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2023.108624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin is an effective antitumor treatment. Still, researchers are investigating new drugs and electroporation conditions to improve its efficacy. To this aim, in vivo assays are accurate but expensive and ethically questionable. Conversely, in vitro assays, although cheaper and straightforward, do not reflect the architecture of the biological tissue because they lack a tridimensional (3D) structure (as in the case of two-dimensional [2D] in vitro assays) or do not include all the extracellular matrix components (as in the case of 3D in vitro scaffolds). To address this issue, 3D in vitro models have been proposed, including spheroids and hydrogel-based cultures, which require a suitable low-conductive medium to allow cell membrane electroporation. In this study, a synthetic scaffold based on hyaluronic acid (HA) and self-assembling peptides (SAPs; EAbuK), condensed with a Laminin-derived adhesive sequence (IKVAV), is proposed as a reliable alternative. We compare SKMEL28 cells cultured in the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold to the control (HA only scaffold). Three days after seeding, the culture on the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold showed collagen production. SKMEL28 cells cultured on the HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold started to be electroporated at 400 V/cm, whereas, at the same electric field intensity, those cultured on HA were not. As a reference, 2D experiments showed that electroporation of SKMEL28 cells starts at 600 V/cm using an electroporation buffer and at 800 V/cm in a culture medium, but with very low efficiency (<50 % of cells electroporated). 3D cultures on HA-EAbuK-IKVAV allowed the simulation of a more reliable microenvironment and may represent a valuable tool for studying electroporation conditions. Using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to compute the transmembrane potential, we detected the influence of inhomogeneity of the extracellular matrix on electroporation effect. Our 3D cell culture electroporation simulations showed that the transmembrane potential increased when collagen surrounded the cells. Of note, in the collagen-enriched HA-EAbuK-IKVAV scaffold, EP was already improved at lower electric field intensities. This study shows the influence of the extracellular matrix on electric conductivity and electric field distribution on cell membrane electroporation and supports the adoption of more reliable 3D scaffolds in experimental electroporation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annj Zamuner
- Padova University, Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy; Padova University, Department of Industrial Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- Padova University, Department of Industrial Engineering, via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Dall'Olmo
- Padova University, Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology, DISCOG. Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy; Surgical Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), via Gattamelata 64, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Department of Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford Rd, M13 9WL, Manchester, UK
| | - Maria Evelina Mognaschi
- Pavia University, Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, via Ferrata, 5, 21100 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Padova University, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, via Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Sieni
- University of Insubria, Department of theoretical and applied sciences, via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
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A New Nonparametric Multivariate Control Scheme for Simultaneous Monitoring Changes in Location and Scale. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3385825. [PMID: 35832137 PMCID: PMC9273427 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3385825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Real-time monitoring of the breast cancer index is becoming increasingly important. It can help create advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In today's modern medical processes, simultaneously monitoring changes in observations in terms of location and scale are convenient for the implementation of control schemes but can be challenging. In this paper, we consider a new nonparametric control scheme for monitoring location and scale parameters in multivariate processes. The proposed method is easy to implement, and the performance of the proposed control procedure is discussed. Then, we compare the proposed scheme with some competing methods. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can efficiently detect a range of shifts. The proposed chart can trigger an alert and timely discover the change of the breast cancer index.
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Sieni E, Bazzolo B, Pieretti F, Zamuner A, Tasso A, Dettin M, Conconi MT. Breast cancer cells grown on hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds as 3D in vitro model for electroporation. Bioelectrochemistry 2020; 136:107626. [PMID: 32784105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2020.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, electroporation (EP) represents a promising method for the intracellular delivery of anticancer drugs. To setting up the process, the EP efficiency is usually evaluated by using cell suspension and adherent cell cultures that are not representative of the in vivo conditions. Indeed, cells are surrounded by extracellular matrix (ECM) whose composition and physical characteristics are different for each tissue. So, various three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models, such as spheroids and hydrogel-based cultures, have been proposed to mimic the tumour microenvironment. Herein, a 3D breast cancer in vitro model has been proposed. HCC1954 cells were seeded on crosslinked and lyophilized matrices composed of hyaluronic acid (HA) and ionic complementary self-assembling peptides (SAPs) already known to provide a fibrous structure mimicking collagen network. Herein, SAPs were functionalized with laminin derived IKVAV adhesion motif. Cultures were characterized by spheroids surrounded by ECM produced by cancer cells as demonstrated by collagen1a1 and laminin B1 transcripts. EP was carried out on both 2D and 3D cultures: a sequence of 8 voltage pulses at 5 kHz with different amplitude was applied using a plate electrode. Cell sensitivity to EP seemed to be modulated by the presence of ECM and the different cell organization. Indeed, cells cultured on HA-IKVAV were more sensitive than those treated in 2D and HA cultures, in terms of both cell membrane permeabilization and viability. Collectively, our results suggest that HA-IKVAV cultures may represent an interesting model for EP studies. Further studies will be needed to elucidate the influence of ECM composition on EP efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via Dunant, 3, 21100 Varese, Italy.
| | - Bianca Bazzolo
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pieretti
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Annj Zamuner
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessia Tasso
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Dettin
- University of Padova, Department of Industrial Engineering, Via Marzolo, 9, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- University of Padova, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Sieni E, Dettin M, De Robertis M, Bazzolo B, Conconi MT, Zamuner A, Marino R, Keller F, Campana LG, Signori E. The Efficiency of Gene Electrotransfer in Breast-Cancer Cell Lines Cultured on a Novel Collagen-Free 3D Scaffold. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12041043. [PMID: 32340405 PMCID: PMC7226458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12041043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene Electro-Transfer (GET) is a powerful method of DNA delivery with great potential for medical applications. Although GET has been extensively studied in vitro and in vivo, the optimal parameters remain controversial. 2D cell cultures have been widely used to investigate GET protocols, but have intrinsic limitations, whereas 3D cultures may represent a more reliable model thanks to the capacity of reproducing the tumor architecture. Here we applied two GET protocols, using a plate or linear electrode, on 3D-cultured HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 breast cancer cell lines grown on a novel collagen-free 3D scaffold and compared results with conventional 2D cultures. To evaluate the electrotransfer efficiency, we used the plasmid pEGFP-C3 encoding the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter gene. The novel 3D scaffold promoted extracellular matrix deposition, which particularly influences cell behavior in both in vitro cell cultures and in vivo tumor tissue. While the transfection efficiency was similar in the 2D-cultures, we observed significant differences in the 3D-model. The transfection efficiency in the 3D vs 2D model was 44% versus 15% (p < 0.01) and 24% versus 17% (p < 0.01) in HCC1954 and MDA-MB231 cell cultures, respectively. These findings suggest that the novel 3D scaffold allows reproducing, at least partially, the peculiar morphology of the original tumor tissues, thus allowing us to detect meaningful differences between the two cell lines. Following GET with plate electrodes, cell viability was higher in 3D-cultured HCC1954 (66%) and MDA-MB231 (96%) cell lines compared to their 2D counterpart (53% and 63%, respectively, p < 0.001). Based on these results, we propose the novel 3D scaffold as a reliable support for the preparation of cell cultures in GET studies. It may increase the reliability of in vitro assays and allow the optimization of GET parameters of in vivo protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sieni
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0332-421405 (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0-649-934-232 (E.S.)
| | - Monica Dettin
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Mariangela De Robertis
- CNR-Institute of Biomembrane, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnology, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- Department of Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, 70126 Bari, Itay
| | - Bianca Bazzolo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (B.B.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Maria Teresa Conconi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (B.B.); (M.T.C.)
| | - Annj Zamuner
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.D.); (A.Z.)
| | - Ramona Marino
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Flavio Keller
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
| | - Luca Giovanni Campana
- Department of Surgical Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences DISCOG, University of Padova, 35124 Padova, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Signori
- Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, 00128 Roma, Italy; (R.M.); (F.K.)
- CNR-Institute of Translational Pharmacology, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.S.); (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0332-421405 (E.S.); Tel.: +39-0-649-934-232 (E.S.)
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Yue J, Zhao N, Liu L. <p>Prediction and Monitoring Method for Breast Cancer: A Case Study for Data from the University Hospital Centre of Coimbra</p>. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:1887-1893. [PMID: 32214846 PMCID: PMC7080965 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s242027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women after skin cancer. Breast cancer can occur in both men and women, but it is far more common in women. Real-time monitoring of breast cancer indicators is becoming increasingly important. It can help create advances in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. In this paper, we provide a nonparametric statistical method to predict and detect breast cancer occur. The exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control scheme is based on rank methods so that it is completely nonparametric. It is efficient in detecting the shifts for multivariate processes. A real example data from the University Hospital Centre of Coimbra is given to illustrate this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yue
- School of Mathematics and VC & VR Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- School of Mathematics, Sichuan University of Arts and Science, Dazhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liu Liu
- School of Mathematics and VC & VR Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Liu Liu Email
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