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Wen C, Luo T, He Z, Li Y, Yan J, Xu W. Regulation of Tomato Fruit Autophagic Flux and Promotion of Fruit Ripening by the Autophagy-Related Gene SlATG8f. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3339. [PMID: 37765504 PMCID: PMC10536916 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved self-degradation process that involves the degradation and recycling of cellular components and organelles. Although the involvement of autophagy in metabolic changes during fruit ripening has been preliminarily demonstrated, the variations in autophagic flux and specific functional roles in tomato fruit ripening remain to be elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the variations in autophagic flux during tomato fruit ripening. The results revealed differential expression of the SlATG8 family members during tomato fruit ripening. Transmission electron microscopy observations and dansylcadaverine (MDC) staining confirmed the presence of autophagy at the cellular level in tomato fruits. Furthermore, the overexpression of SlATG8f induced the formation of autophagosomes, increased autophagic flux within tomato fruits, and effectively enhanced the expression of ATG8 proteins during the color-transition phase of fruit ripening, thus promoting tomato fruit maturation. SlATG8f overexpression also led to the accumulation of vitamin C (VC) and soluble solids while reducing acidity in the fruit. Collectively, our findings highlight the pivotal role of SlATG8f in enhancing tomato fruit ripening, providing insights into the mechanistic involvement of autophagy in this process. This research contributes to a better understanding of the key factors that regulate tomato fruit quality and offers a theoretical basis for tomato variety improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cen Wen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Taimin Luo
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Xingyi City Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Development, Guizhou 562400, China
| | - Zhuo He
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yunzhou Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jianmin Yan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Guizhou Higher Education Facility Vegetable Engineering Research Center, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou 550025, China; (C.W.); (T.L.); (Z.H.); (Y.L.)
- Guizhou Higher Education Facility Vegetable Engineering Research Center, Guizhou 550025, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Li L, Yi P, Sun J, Tang J, Liu G, Bi J, Teng J, Hu M, Yuan F, He X, Sheng J, Xin M, Li Z, Li C, Tang Y, Ling D. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis uncovers gene networks regulating fruit quality and volatile compounds in mango cultivar 'Tainong' during postharvest. Food Res Int 2023; 165:112531. [PMID: 36869530 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mango is one of the most economically important fruit; however, the gene regulatory mechanism associated with ripening and quality changes during storage remains largely unclear. This study explored the relationship between transcriptome changes and postharvest mango quality. Fruit quality patterns and volatile components were obtained using headspace gas chromatography and ion-mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). The changes in mango peel and pulp transcriptome were analyzed during four stages (pre-harvesting, harvesting, maturity, and overripe stages). Based on the temporal analysis, multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were upregulated in both the peel and pulp during the mango ripening process. Moreover, cysteine and methionine metabolism related to ethylene synthesis were upregulated in the pulp over time. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further showed that the pathways of pyruvate metabolism, citrate cycle, propionate metabolism, autophagy, and SNARE interactions in vesicular transport were positively correlated with the ripening process. Finally, a regulatory network of important pathways from pulp to peel was constructed during the postharvest storage of mango fruit. The above findings provide a global insight into the molecular regulation mechanisms of postharvest mango quality and flavor changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China; Guangxi University, 530004 Nanning, China
| | - Ping Yi
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China; Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China.
| | - Jie Tang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Guoming Liu
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Jinfeng Bi
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100193 Beijing, China
| | | | - Meijiao Hu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, 571101, Haikou, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetables Storage-processing Technology, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Jinfeng Sheng
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Ming Xin
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Zhichun Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Changbao Li
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Yayuan Tang
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
| | - Dongning Ling
- Agro-Food Science and Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 530007 Nanning, China
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3
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Two Hybrid Histidine Kinases Involved in the Ethylene Regulation of the Mycelial Growth and Postharvest Fruiting Body Maturation and Senescence of Agaricus bisporus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0241122. [PMID: 36125274 PMCID: PMC9603746 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02411-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene regulates mycelial growth, primordium formation, and postharvest mushroom maturation and senescence in the white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. However, it remains unknown how ethylene is detected by the mushroom. In this study, we found that two hybrid histidine kinases in the mushroom, designated AbETR1 and AbETR2, showed domain structures similar to those of plant ethylene receptors. The transmembrane helices of AbETR1 and AbETR2 were expressed in yeast cells and showed ethylene-binding activities. Mushroom strains with downregulated expressions of AbETR1 and AbETR2 showed reduced sensitivity to the ethylene inhibition of mycelial growth, ethylene regulation of their own synthesis, postharvest mushroom maturation, and senescence and expression of maturation- and senescence-related genes. Therefore, AbETR1 and AbETR2 are expected to be biologically functional ethylene receptors and exhibit a different mode of action from that of the receptors of plants. Here, we fill gaps in the knowledge pertaining to higher fungus ethylene receptors, discover a novel mode of action of ethylene receptors, confirm ethylene as a novel fungal hormone, and provide a facilitated approach for preventing the maturation and senescence of postharvest button mushrooms. IMPORTANCE Ethylene regulates diverse physiological activities in bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and plants, but how to perceive ethylene by fungi only remains unknown. In this study, we identify two biologically functional ethylene receptors in the basidiomycete fungus Agaricus bisporus, which fills the gaps of deficient fungal ethylene receptors. Furthermore, we found that decreased expression of the ethylene receptors facilitates preventing the maturation and senescence of postharvest button mushrooms, indicating that the two fungal ethylene receptors positively regulate the ethylene response, in contrast to that in plants.
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Song I, Hong S, Huh SU. Identification and Expression Analysis of the Solanum tuberosum StATG8 Family Associated with the WRKY Transcription Factor. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2858. [PMID: 36365311 PMCID: PMC9659186 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily well-conserved cellular catabolic pathway in eukaryotic cells and plays an important role in cellular processes. Autophagy is regulated by autophagy-associated (ATG) proteins. Among these ATG proteins, the ubiquitin-like protein ATG8/LC3 is essential for autophagosome formation and function. In this study, the potato StATG8 family showed clade I and clade II with significantly different sequences. Expression of the StATG8 family was also increased in senescence. Interestingly, the expression of the StATG8 and other core StATG genes decreased in potato tubers as the tubers matured. The StATG8 family also responded to a variety of stresses such as heat, wounding, salicylic acid, and salt stress. We also found that some Arabidopsis WRKY transcription factors interacted with the StATG8 protein in planta. Based on group II-a WRKY, StATG8-WRKY interaction is independent of the ATG8 interacting motif (AIM) or LC3 interacting region (LIR) motif. This study showed that the StATG8 family had diverse functions in tuber maturation and multiple stress responses in potatoes. Additionally, StATG8 may have an unrelated autophagy function in the nucleus with the WRKY transcription factor.
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Choi I, Ahn CS, Lee DH, Baek SA, Jung JW, Kim JK, Lee HS, Pai HS. Silencing of the Target of Rapamycin Complex Genes Stimulates Tomato Fruit Ripening. Mol Cells 2022; 45:660-672. [PMID: 35993163 PMCID: PMC9448650 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2022.2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The target of rapamycin complex (TORC) plays a key role in plant cell growth and survival by regulating the gene expression and metabolism according to environmental information. TORC activates transcription, mRNA translation, and anabolic processes under favorable conditions, thereby promoting plant growth and development. Tomato fruit ripening is a complex developmental process promoted by ethylene and specific transcription factors. TORC is known to modulate leaf senescence in tomato. In this study, we investigated the function of TORC in tomato fruit ripening using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) of the TORC genes, TOR, lethal with SEC13 protein 8 (LST8), and regulatory-associated protein of TOR (RAPTOR). Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed that the expression levels of tomato TORC genes were the highest in the orange stage during fruit development in Micro-Tom tomato. VIGS of these TORC genes using stage 2 tomato accelerated fruit ripening with premature orange/red coloring and decreased fruit growth, when control tobacco rattle virus 2 (TRV2)-myc fruits reached the mature green stage. TORC-deficient fruits showed early accumulation of carotenoid lycopene and reduced cellulose deposition in pericarp cell walls. The early ripening fruits had higher levels of transcripts related to fruit ripening transcription factors, ethylene biosynthesis, carotenoid synthesis, and cell wall modification. Finally, the early ripening phenotype in Micro-Tom tomato was reproduced in the commercial cultivar Moneymaker tomato by VIGS of the TORC genes. Collectively, these results demonstrate that TORC plays an important role in tomato fruit ripening by modulating the transcription of various ripening-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chang Sook Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Platform Technology Research Center, Corporate R&D, LG Chem/LG Science Park, Seoul 07796, Korea
| | - Du-Hwa Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seung-A Baek
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jung Won Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Ho-Seok Lee
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Lin Y, Jones ML. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Editing of Autophagy Gene 6 in Petunia Decreases Flower Longevity, Seed Yield, and Phosphorus Remobilization by Accelerating Ethylene Production and Senescence-Related Gene Expression. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:840218. [PMID: 35557714 PMCID: PMC9088004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.840218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developmental petal senescence is a type of programmed cell death (PCD), during which the production of ethylene is induced, the expression of PCD-related genes is upregulated, and nutrients are recycled. Autophagy is an intracellular mechanism involved in PCD modulation and nutrient cycling. As a central component of the autophagy pathway, Autophagy Gene 6 (ATG6) was previously shown as a negative regulator of petal senescence. To better understand the role of autophagy in ethylene biosynthesis and nutrient remobilization during petal senescence, we generated and characterized the knockout (KO) mutants of PhATG6 using CRISPR/Cas9 in Petunia × hybrida 'Mitchell Diploid.' PhATG6-KO lines exhibited decreased flower longevity when compared to the flowers of the wild-type or a non-mutated regenerative line (controls), confirming the negative regulatory role of ATG6 in petal senescence. Smaller capsules and fewer seeds per capsule were produced in the KO plants, indicating the crucial function of autophagy in seed production. Ethylene production and ethylene biosynthesis genes were upregulated earlier in the KO lines than the controls, indicating that autophagy affects flower longevity through ethylene. The transcript levels of petal PCD-related genes, including PhATG6, PhATG8d, PhPI3K (Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase), and a metacaspase gene PhMC1, were upregulated earlier in the corollas of PhATG6-KO lines, which supported the accelerated PCD in the KO plants. The remobilization of phosphorus was reduced in the KO lines, showing that nutrient recycling was compromised. Our study demonstrated the important role of autophagy in flower lifespan and seed production and supported the interactions between autophagy and various regulatory factors during developmental petal senescence.
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7
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Magen S, Seybold H, Laloum D, Avin-Wittenberg T. Metabolism and autophagy in plants - A perfect match. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2133-2151. [PMID: 35470431 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a eukaryotic cellular transport mechanism that delivers intracellular macromolecules, proteins, and even organelles to a lytic organelle (vacuole in yeast and plants/lysosome in animals) for degradation and nutrient recycling. The process is mediated by highly conserved Autophagy-Related (ATG) proteins. In plants, autophagy maintains cellular homeostasis under favorable conditions, guaranteeing normal plant growth and fitness. Severe stress such as nutrient starvation and plant senescence further induce it, thus ensuring plant survival under unfavorable conditions by providing nutrients through the removal of damaged or aged proteins, or organelles. In this article, we examine the interplay between metabolism and autophagy, focusing on the different aspects of this reciprocal relationship. We show that autophagy has a strong influence on a range of metabolic processes, whereas, at the same time, even single metabolites can activate autophagy. We highlight the involvement of ATG genes in metabolism, examine the role of the macronutrients carbon and nitrogen, as well as various micronutrients, and take a closer look at how the interaction between autophagy and metabolism impacts on plant phenotypes and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Magen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heike Seybold
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Daniel Laloum
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Tamar Avin-Wittenberg
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
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8
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Autophagy Is Involved in the Viability of Overexpressing Thioredoxin o1 Tobacco BY-2 Cells under Oxidative Conditions. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121884. [PMID: 34942987 PMCID: PMC8698322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential process for the degradation of non-useful components, although the mechanism involved in its regulation is less known in plants than in animal systems. Redox regulation of autophagy components is emerging as a possible key mechanism with thioredoxins (TRXs) proposed as involved candidates. In this work, using overexpressing PsTRXo1 tobacco cells (OEX), which present higher viability than non-overexpressing cells after H2O2 treatment, we examine the functional interaction of autophagy and PsTRXo1 in a collaborative response. OEX cells present higher gene expression of the ATG (Autophagy related) marker ATG4 and higher protein content of ATG4, ATG8, and lipidated ATG8 as well as higher ATG4 activity than control cells, supporting the involvement of autophagy in their response to H2O2. In this oxidative situation, autophagy occurs in OEX cells as is evident from an accumulation of autolysosomes and ATG8 immunolocalization when the E-64d autophagy inhibitor is used. Interestingly, cell viability decreases in the presence of the inhibitor, pointing to autophagy as being involved in cell survival. The in vitro interaction of ATG4 and PsTRXo1 proteins is confirmed by dot-blot and co-immunoprecipitation assays as well as the redox regulation of ATG4 activity by PsTRXo1. These findings extend the role of TRXs in mediating the redox regulation of the autophagy process in plant cells.
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Sánchez-Sevilla JF, Botella MA, Valpuesta V, Sanchez-Vera V. Autophagy Is Required for Strawberry Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:688481. [PMID: 34512686 PMCID: PMC8429490 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.688481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic and recycling pathway that maintains cellular homeostasis under normal growth and stress conditions. Two major types of autophagy, microautophagy and macroautophagy, have been described in plants. During macroautophagy, cellular content is engulfed by a double-membrane vesicle called autophagosome. This vesicle fuses its outer membrane with the tonoplast and releases the content into the vacuole for degradation. During certain developmental processes, autophagy is enhanced by induction of several autophagy-related genes (ATG genes). Autophagy in crop development has been studied in relation to leaf senescence, seed and reproductive development, and vascular formation. However, its role in fruit ripening has only been partially addressed. Strawberry is an important berry crop, representative of non-climacteric fruit. We have analyzed the occurrence of autophagy in developing and ripening fruits of the cultivated strawberry. Our data show that most ATG genes are conserved in the genome of the cultivated strawberry Fragaria x ananassa and they are differentially expressed along the ripening of the fruit receptacle. ATG8-lipidation analysis proves the presence of two autophagic waves during ripening. In addition, we have confirmed the presence of autophagy at the cellular level by the identification of autophagy-related structures at different stages of the strawberry ripening. Finally, we show that blocking autophagy either biochemically or genetically dramatically affects strawberry growth and ripening. Our data support that autophagy is an active and essential process with different implications during strawberry fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Sánchez-Sevilla
- Unidad Asociada al CSIC de I+D+i Biotecnología y Mejora en Fresa, Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Centro IFAPA Málaga, Junta de Andalucía, Málaga, Spain
| | - Miguel A Botella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoriano Valpuesta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Victoria Sanchez-Vera
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea (IHSM), Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Málaga, Spain
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López-Vidal O, Olmedilla A, Sandalio LM, Sevilla F, Jiménez A. Addendum: López-Vidal et al. Is Autophagy Involved in Pepper Fruit Ripening? Cells 2020, 9, 106. Cells 2021. [PMCID: PMC8303936 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Omar López-Vidal
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (O.L.-V.); (F.S.)
| | - Adela Olmedilla
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ-CSIC, 18160 Granada, Spain; (A.O.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Luisa María Sandalio
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology of Plants, EEZ-CSIC, 18160 Granada, Spain; (A.O.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (O.L.-V.); (F.S.)
| | - Ana Jiménez
- Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, CEBAS-CSIC, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (O.L.-V.); (F.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-968-396200
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Michailidis M, Karagiannis E, Tanou G, Samiotaki M, Tsiolas G, Sarrou E, Stamatakis G, Ganopoulos I, Martens S, Argiriou A, Molassiotis A. Novel insights into the calcium action in cherry fruit development revealed by high-throughput mapping. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:597-614. [PMID: 32909183 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This work provides the first system-wide datasets concerning metabolic changes in calcium-treated fruits, which reveal that exogenously applied calcium may specifically reprogram sweet cherry development and ripening physiognomy. Calcium modulates a wide range of plant developmental processes; however, the regulation of fruit ripening by calcium remains largely uncharacterized. In this study, transcriptome, proteome and metabolome profiling was used to document the responses of sweet cherry fruit to external calcium application (0.5% CaCl2) at 15, 27 and 37 days after full blossom. Endogenous calcium loading in fruit across development following external calcium feeding was accompanied by a reduction in respiration rate. Calcium treatment strongly impaired water-induced fruit cracking tested by two different assays, and this effect depended on the fruit size, water temperature and light/dark conditions. Substantial changes in the levels of numerous polar/non-polar primary and secondary metabolites, including malic acid, glucose, cysteine, epicatechin and neochlorogenic acid were noticed in fruits exposed to calcium. At the onset of ripening, we identified various calcium-affected genes, including those involved in ubiquitin and cysteine signaling, that had not been associated previously with calcium function in fruit biology. Calcium specifically increased the abundance of a significant number of proteins that classified as oxidoreductases, transferases, hydrolases, lyases, and ligases. The overview of temporal changes in gene expression and corresponding protein abundance provided by interlinked analysis revealed that oxidative phosphorylation, hypersensitive response, DNA repair, stomata closure, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, and proton-pump activity were mainly affected by calcium. This report provides the fullest characterization of expression patterns in calcium-responsive genes, proteins and metabolites currently available in fruit ripening and will serve as a blueprint for future biological endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Michailidis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Evangelos Karagiannis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece
| | - Georgia Tanou
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - George Tsiolas
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eirini Sarrou
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Stamatakis
- Institute of Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming", 16672, Vari, Greece
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, ELGO-DEMETER, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefans Martens
- Department of Food Quality and Nutrition, Centro Ricerca e Innovazione, Fondazione Edmund Mach, 38010 San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | - Anagnostis Argiriou
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi, 570 01, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanassios Molassiotis
- Laboratory of Pomology, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 57001, Thermi, Greece.
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Cao JJ, Liu CX, Shao SJ, Zhou J. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy Regulation in Plants and Their Applications in Agriculture. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:618944. [PMID: 33664753 PMCID: PMC7921839 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.618944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved cellular process for the degradation and recycling of unnecessary cytoplasmic components in eukaryotes. Various studies have shown that autophagy plays a crucial role in plant growth, productivity, and survival. The extensive functions of plant autophagy have been revealed in numerous frontier studies, particularly those regarding growth adjustment, stress tolerance, the identification of related genes, and the involvement of metabolic pathways. However, elucidation of the molecular regulation of plant autophagy, particularly the upstream signaling elements, is still lagging. In this review, we summarize recent progress in research on the molecular mechanisms of autophagy regulation, including the roles of protein kinases, phytohormones, second messengers, and transcriptional and epigenetic control, as well as the relationship between autophagy and the 26S proteasome in model plants and crop species. We also discuss future research directions for the potential application of autophagy in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jian Cao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen-Xu Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jun Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Zhou,
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