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Hung TH, Huang Y, Yeh CT, Yeh CN, Yu J, Lin CC, Chiou SP, Chiang PY, Hung JT, Yu AL. High expression of embryonic stem cell marker SSEA3 confers poor prognosis and promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed J 2024; 47:100612. [PMID: 37290529 PMCID: PMC10972813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2023.100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant cells may arise from dedifferentiation of mature cells and acquire features of the progenitor cells. Definitive endoderm from which liver is derived, expresses glycosphingolipids (GSLs) such as stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA3), Globo H, and stage-specific embryonic antigen 4 (SSEA4). Herein, we evaluated the potential prognosis value of the three GSLs and biological functions of SSEA3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS The expression of SSEA3, Globo H, and SSEA4 in tumor tissues obtained from 328 patients with resectable HCC was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their related genes were analyzed by transwell assay and qRT-PCR, respectively. RESULTS Kaplan Meier survival analysis showed significantly shorter relapse-free survival (RFS) for those with higher expression of SSEA3 (p < 0.001), Globo H (p < 0.001), and SSEA4 (p = 0.005) and worse overall survival (OS) for those with high expression of either SSEA3 (p < 0.001) or SSEA4 (p = 0.01). Furthermore, multivariable Cox regression analysis identified the SSEA3 as an independent predictor for RFS (HR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.93-3.72, p < 0.001) and OS (HR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.81-4.96, p < 0.001) in HCC. Additionally, SSEA3-ceramide enhanced the EMT of HCC cells, as reflected by its ability to increase migration, invasion and upregulate the expression of CDH2, vimentin, fibronectin, and MMP2, along with ZEB1. Moreover, ZEB1 silencing abrogated the EMT-enhancing effects of SSEA3-ceramide. CONCLUSIONS Higher expression of SSEA3 was an independent predictor for RFS and OS in HCC and promoted EMT of HCC via upregulation of ZEB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Hsien Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Anatomic Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linko, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of Surgery and Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Pin Chiou
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yun Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell & Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Wang Z, Lin D, Zhao Y, Liu H, Yang T, Li A. MiR-214 Expression Is Elevated in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Mucosa and Regulates Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Responses in Undifferentiated Human Nasal Epithelial Cell Culture. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2023:19458924231152683. [PMID: 36797977 DOI: 10.1177/19458924231152683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammatory disorder of the upper airways. MicroRNAs (miRs) are reported to regulate several diverse physiological and pathological processes. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the impact of miR-214 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation, and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) expression in human nasal epithelial cells. METHODS The expression of miR-214 was detected in CRS with polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without polyps (CRSsNP) tissues. Cells were treated with LPS and a miR-214 inhibitor. The level of miR-214 was detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR). The inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, TNF, and IL-1β) and MUC5AC production were determined by qRT-PCR and ELISA. MUC5AC protein level was detected using western blot. Similarly, we determined the relationship between miR-214 and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) using the Dual luciferase activity assay. RESULTS miR-214 was increased in CRSwNP and CRSsNP tissues. LPS triggered the expression of miR-214, while miR-214 inhibition diminished the level of miR-214. MiR-214 inhibition prevented LPS-mediated the production of inflammatory cytokines. LPS treatment augmented MUC5AC mRNA, protein levels, and secretion, whereas miR-214 loss inhibited MUC5AC production in the presence of LPS. SIRT1 is a direct target of miR-214. Impairing SIRT1 by siRNA (siSIRT1) or EX527 (a selective SIRT1 inhibitor) reversed the effects of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression. Furthermore, miR-214 depression inhibited the STAT3/GDF15 pathway via targeting SIRT1. Upregulation of STAT3 or GDF15 partly abolished the anti-inflammatory roles of miR-214 inhibitor. CONCLUSION Taken together, miR-214 regulates LPS-mediated inflammation and MUC5AC expression via targeting SIRT1, and STAT3/GDF15 may involve in the regulation of miR-214 inhibitor on inflammation and MUC5AC expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Quality Control, Shaanxi Geological and Mineral Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - An Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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Hildebrandt C, Fulton A, Rodan LH. Homozygous deletion of 21q22.2 in a patient with hypotonia, developmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and retinopathy. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:555-560. [PMID: 33170561 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
21q22 contains several dosage sensitive genes that are important in neurocognitive development. Determining impacts of gene dosage alterations in this region can be useful in establishing contributions of these genes to human development and disease. We describe a 15-month-old girl with a 1,140 kb homozygous deletion in the Down Syndrome Critical Region at 21q22.2 including 4 genes; B3GALT5, IGSF5, PCP4, DSCAM, and a microRNA (MIR4760). Clinical singleton genome sequencing did not report any candidate gene variants for the patient's phenotype. She presented with hypotonia, global developmental delay, cortical visual impairment, and mild facial dysmorphism. Ophthalmological exam was suggestive of retinopathy. We propose that the absence of DSCAM and PCP4 may contribute to the patient's neurological and retinal phenotype, while the role of absent B3GALT5 and IGSF5 in her presentation remain unclear at this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Hildebrandt
- Medical Biochemical Fellowship at Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anne Fulton
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lance H Rodan
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Yu J, Hung JT, Wang SH, Cheng JY, Yu AL. Targeting glycosphingolipids for cancer immunotherapy. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:3602-3618. [PMID: 32860713 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) is a unique feature of cancer and stromal cells in tumor microenvironments. Although the impact of GSLs on tumor progression remains largely unclear, anticancer immunotherapies directed against GSLs are attracting growing attention. Here, we focus on GD2, a disialoganglioside expressed in tumors of neuroectodermal origin, and Globo H ceramide (GHCer), the most prevalent cancer-associated GSL overexpressed in a variety of epithelial cancers. We first summarize recent advances on our understanding of GD2 and GHCer biology and then discuss the clinical development of the first immunotherapeutic agent targeting a glycolipid, the GD2-specific antibody dinutuximab, its approved indications, and new strategies to improve its efficacy for neuroblastoma. Next, we review ongoing clinical trials on Globo H-targeted immunotherapeutics. We end with highlighting how these studies provide sound scientific rationales for targeting GSLs in cancer and may facilitate a rational design of new GSL-targeted anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Tung Hung
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hung Wang
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yan Cheng
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Alice L Yu
- Institute of Stem Cell and Translational Cancer Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Complementary Use of Carbohydrate Antigens Lewis a, Lewis b, and Sialyl-Lewis a (CA19.9 Epitope) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: Biological Rationale Towards A Personalized Clinical Application. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061509. [PMID: 32527016 PMCID: PMC7352550 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) is used as a tumor marker for clinical and research purposes assuming that it is abundantly produced by gastrointestinal cancer cells due to a cancer-associated aberrant glycosylation favoring its synthesis. Recent data has instead suggested a different picture, where immunodetection on tissue sections matches biochemical and molecular data. In addition to CA19.9, structurally related carbohydrate antigens Lewis a and Lewis b are, in fact, undetectable in colon cancer, due to the down-regulation of a galactosyltransferase necessary for their synthesis. In the pancreas, no differential expression of CA19.9 or cognate glycosyltransferases occurs in cancer. Ductal cells only express such Lewis antigens in a pattern affected by the relative levels of each glycosyltransferase, which are genetically and epigenetically determined. The elevation of circulating antigens seems to depend on the obstruction of neoplastic ducts and loss of polarity occurring in malignant ductal cells. Circulating Lewis a and Lewis b are indeed promising candidates for monitoring pancreatic cancer patients that are negative for CA19.9, but not for improving the low diagnostic performance of such an antigen. Insufficient biological data are available for gastric and bile duct cancer. Studying each patient in a personalized manner determining all Lewis antigens in the surgical specimens and in the blood, together with the status of the tissue-specific glycosylation machinery, promises fruitful advances in translational research and clinical practice.
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