1
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Read DF, Booth GT, Daza RM, Jackson DL, Gladden RG, Srivatsan SR, Ewing B, Franks JM, Spurrell CH, Gomes AR, O'Day D, Gogate AA, Martin BK, Larson H, Pfleger C, Starita L, Lin Y, Shendure J, Lin S, Trapnell C. Single-cell analysis of chromatin and expression reveals age- and sex-associated alterations in the human heart. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1052. [PMID: 39187646 PMCID: PMC11347658 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sex differences and age-related changes in the human heart at the tissue, cell, and molecular level have been well-documented and many may be relevant for cardiovascular disease. However, how molecular programs within individual cell types vary across individuals by age and sex remains poorly characterized. To better understand this variation, we performed single-nucleus combinatorial indexing (sci) ATAC- and RNA-Seq in human heart samples from nine donors. We identify hundreds of differentially expressed genes by age and sex and find epigenetic signatures of variation in ATAC-Seq data in this discovery cohort. We then scale up our single-cell RNA-Seq analysis by combining our data with five recently published single nucleus RNA-Seq datasets of healthy adult hearts. We find variation such as metabolic alterations by sex and immune changes by age in differential expression tests, as well as alterations in abundance of cardiomyocytes by sex and neurons with age. In addition, we compare our adult-derived ATAC-Seq profiles to analogous fetal cell types to identify putative developmental-stage-specific regulatory factors. Finally, we train predictive models of cell-type-specific RNA expression levels utilizing ATAC-Seq profiles to link distal regulatory sequences to promoters, quantifying the predictive value of a simple TF-to-expression regulatory grammar and identifying cell-type-specific TFs. Our analysis represents the largest single-cell analysis of cardiac variation by age and sex to date and provides a resource for further study of healthy cardiac variation and transcriptional regulation at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Read
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory T Booth
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Riza M Daza
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dana L Jackson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rula Green Gladden
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sanjay R Srivatsan
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brent Ewing
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Franks
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Diana O'Day
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aishwarya A Gogate
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Beth K Martin
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haleigh Larson
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Pfleger
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lea Starita
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yiing Lin
- Department of Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jay Shendure
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Allen Discovery Center for Cell Lineage Tracing, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Shin Lin
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Cole Trapnell
- Brotman Baty Institute for Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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2
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Ambrosio L, Schol J, Ruiz-Fernández C, Tamagawa S, Joyce K, Nomura A, de Rinaldis E, Sakai D, Papalia R, Vadalà G, Denaro V. Getting to the Core: Exploring the Embryonic Development from Notochord to Nucleus Pulposus. J Dev Biol 2024; 12:18. [PMID: 39051200 PMCID: PMC11270426 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12030018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the largest avascular organ of the human body and plays a fundamental role in providing the spine with its unique structural and biomechanical functions. The inner part of the IVD contains the nucleus pulposus (NP), a gel-like tissue characterized by a high content of type II collagen and proteoglycans, which is crucial for the disc's load-bearing and shock-absorbing properties. With aging and IVD degeneration (IDD), the NP gradually loses its physiological characteristics, leading to low back pain and additional sequelae. In contrast to surrounding spinal tissues, the NP presents a distinctive embryonic development since it directly derives from the notochord. This review aims to explore the embryology of the NP, emphasizing the pivotal roles of key transcription factors, which guide the differentiation and maintenance of the NP cellular components from the notochord and surrounding sclerotome. Through an understanding of NP development, we sought to investigate the implications of the critical developmental aspects in IVD-related pathologies, such as IDD and the rare malignant chordomas. Moreover, this review discusses the therapeutic strategies targeting these pathways, including the novel regenerative approaches leveraging insights from NP development and embryology to potentially guide future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ambrosio
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 01128 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1143, Japan; (J.S.); (C.R.-F.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Jordy Schol
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1143, Japan; (J.S.); (C.R.-F.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Clara Ruiz-Fernández
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1143, Japan; (J.S.); (C.R.-F.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Shota Tamagawa
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Kieran Joyce
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland;
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 W2TY Galway, Ireland
| | - Akira Nomura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1143, Japan; (J.S.); (C.R.-F.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Elisabetta de Rinaldis
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 01128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara 259-1143, Japan; (J.S.); (C.R.-F.); (A.N.); (D.S.)
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 01128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 01128 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Operative Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy; (L.A.); (R.P.); (V.D.)
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3
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Tang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M. A Chitosan Scaffold Supports the Enhanced and Prolonged Differentiation of HiPSCs into Nucleus Pulposus-like Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28263-28275. [PMID: 38788694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a progressive condition and stands as one of the primary causes of low back pain. Cell therapy that uses nucleus pulposus (NP)-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) holds great promise as a treatment for IDD. However, the conventional two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cultures oversimplify cell-cell interactions, leading to suboptimal differentiation efficiency and potential loss of phenotype. While three-dimensional (3D) culture systems like Matrigel improve hiPSC differentiation efficiency, they are limited by animal-derived materials for translation, poorly defined composition, short-term degradation, and high cost. In this study, we introduce a new 3D scaffold fabricated using medical-grade chitosan with a high degree of deacetylation. The scaffold features a highly interconnected porous structure, near-neutral surface charge, and exceptional degradation stability, benefiting iPSC adhesion and proliferation. This scaffold remarkably enhances the differentiation efficiency and allows uninterrupted differentiation for up to 25 days without subculturing. Notably, cells differentiated on the chitosan scaffold exhibited increased cell survival rates and upregulated gene expression associated with extracellular matrix secretion under a chemically defined condition mimicking the challenging microenvironment of intervertebral discs. These characteristics qualify the chitosan scaffold-cell construct for direct implantation, serving as both a structural support and a cellular source for enhanced stem cell therapy for IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhang Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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4
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Warin J, Vedrenne N, Tam V, Zhu M, Yin D, Lin X, Guidoux-D’halluin B, Humeau A, Roseiro L, Paillat L, Chédeville C, Chariau C, Riemers F, Templin M, Guicheux J, Tryfonidou MA, Ho JW, David L, Chan D, Camus A. In vitro and in vivo models define a molecular signature reference for human embryonic notochordal cells. iScience 2024; 27:109018. [PMID: 38357665 PMCID: PMC10865399 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the emergence of human notochordal cells (NC) is essential for the development of regenerative approaches. We present a comprehensive investigation into the specification and generation of bona fide NC using a straightforward pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-based system benchmarked with human fetal notochord. By integrating in vitro and in vivo transcriptomic data at single-cell resolution, we establish an extended molecular signature and overcome the limitations associated with studying human notochordal lineage at early developmental stages. We show that TGF-β inhibition enhances the yield and homogeneity of notochordal lineage commitment in vitro. Furthermore, this study characterizes regulators of cell-fate decision and matrisome enriched in the notochordal niche. Importantly, we identify specific cell-surface markers opening avenues for differentiation refinement, NC purification, and functional studies. Altogether, this study provides a human notochord transcriptomic reference that will serve as a resource for notochord identification in human systems, diseased-tissues modeling, and facilitating future biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Warin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mengxia Zhu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Danqing Yin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Bluwen Guidoux-D’halluin
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Humeau
- Inserm, Univ. Limoges, Pharmacology & Transplantation, U1248, CHU Limoges, Service de Pharmacologie, toxicologie et pharmacovigilance, FHU SUPORT, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Luce Roseiro
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Lily Paillat
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Claire Chédeville
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Chariau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Frank Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, Markwiesenstraße 55, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jérôme Guicheux
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua W.K. Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Laboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited (D24H), Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, BioCore, 44000 Nantes, France
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CR2TI, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Anne Camus
- Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS, UMR 1229, 44000 Nantes, France
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5
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Schmitz TC, van Genabeek B, Pouderoijen MJ, Janssen HM, van Doeselaar M, Crispim JF, Tryfonidou MA, Ito K. Semi-synthetic degradable notochordal cell-derived matrix hydrogel for use in degenerated intervertebral discs: Initial in vitro characterization. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:1903-1915. [PMID: 37539663 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide, but current therapeutic interventions are palliative or surgical in nature. Loss of notochordal cells (NCs) and degradation of the healthy matrix in the nucleus pulposus (NP), the central tissue of intervertebral discs (IVDs), has been associated with onset of degenerative disc changes. Recently, we established a protocol for decellularization of notochordal cell derived matrix (NCM) and found that it can provide regenerative cues to nucleus pulposus cells of the IVD. Here, we combined the biologically regenerative properties of decellularized NCM with the mechanical tunability of a poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel to additionally address biomechanics in the degenerate IVD. We further introduced a hydrolysable PEG-diurethane crosslinker for slow degradation of the gels in vivo. The resulting hydrogels were tunable over a broad range of stiffness's (0.2 to 4.5 kPa), matching that of NC-rich and -poor NP tissues, respectively. Gels formed within 30 min, giving ample time for handling, and remained shear-thinning post-polymerization. Gels also slowly released dNCM over 28 days as measured by GAG effusion. Viability of encapsulated bone marrow stromal cells after extrusion through a needle remained high. Although encapsulated NCs stayed viable over two weeks, their metabolic activity decreased, and their phenotype was lost in physiological medium conditions in vitro. Overall, the obtained gels hold promise for application in degenerated IVDs but require further tuning for combined use with NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara C Schmitz
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Marina van Doeselaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - João F Crispim
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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6
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Du X, Liang K, Ding S, Shi H. Signaling Mechanisms of Stem Cell Therapy for Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2467. [PMID: 37760908 PMCID: PMC10525468 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the primary clinical risk factor for low back pain and the pathological cause of disc herniation, spinal stenosis, and spinal deformity. A possible approach to improve the clinical practice of IDD-related diseases is to incorporate biomarkers in diagnosis, therapeutic intervention, and prognosis prediction. IDD pathology is still unclear. Regarding molecular mechanisms, cellular signaling pathways constitute a complex network of signaling pathways that coordinate cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Recently, stem cells have shown great potential in clinical applications for IDD. In this review, the roles of multiple signaling pathways and related stem cell treatment in IDD are summarized and described. This review seeks to investigate the mechanisms and potential therapeutic effects of stem cells in IDD and identify new therapeutic treatments for IDD-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Haifei Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China; (X.D.); (K.L.); (S.D.)
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7
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Wu F, He Q, Li F, Yang X. A review of protocols for engineering human cardiac organoids. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19938. [PMID: 37809996 PMCID: PMC10559357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of human cardiac organoids (hCOs) as 3D in vitro models for cardiovascular research has shown great promise. Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have proven to be a potent source for engineering hCOs. However, various protocols for generating hCOs from hPSCs result in significant differences in heart development, maturity, complexity, vascularization, and spatial structure, all of which can influence their functional and physiological properties. This protocol review aims to highlight different strategies for generating hCOs using hPSCs while also critically discussing their challenges and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujian Wu
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Post-doctoral Scientific Research Station of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Qian He
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Furong Li
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
| | - Xiaofei Yang
- Translational Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of Stem Cell and Cell Therapy, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Clinical Transformation, Shenzhen Immune Cell Therapy Public Service Platform, Shenzhen, 518020, China
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8
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Williams RJ, Laagland LT, Bach FC, Ward L, Chan W, Tam V, Medzikovic A, Basatvat S, Paillat L, Vedrenne N, Snuggs JW, Poramba-Liyanage DW, Hoyland JA, Chan D, Camus A, Richardson SM, Tryfonidou MA, Le Maitre CL. Recommendations for intervertebral disc notochordal cell investigation: From isolation to characterization. JOR Spine 2023; 6:e1272. [PMID: 37780826 PMCID: PMC10540834 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lineage-tracing experiments have established that the central region of the mature intervertebral disc, the nucleus pulposus (NP), develops from the embryonic structure called "the notochord". However, changes in the cells derived from the notochord which form the NP (i.e., notochordal cells [NCs]), in terms of their phenotype and functional identity from early developmental stages to skeletal maturation are less understood. These key issues require further investigation to better comprehend the role of NCs in homeostasis and degeneration as well as their potential for regeneration. Progress in utilizing NCs is currently hampered due to poor consistency and lack of consensus methodology for in vitro NC extraction, manipulation, and characterization. Methods Here, an international group has come together to provide key recommendations and methodologies for NC isolation within key species, numeration, in vitro manipulation and culture, and characterization. Results Recommeded protocols are provided for isolation and culture of NCs. Experimental testing provided recommended methodology for numeration of NCs. The issues of cryopreservation are demonstrated, and a pannel of immunohistochemical markers are provided to inform NC characterization. Conclusions Together we hope this article provides a road map for in vitro studies of NCs to support advances in research into NC physiology and their potential in regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Williams
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lisanne T Laagland
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Frances C Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Lizzy Ward
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Wilson Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Vivian Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Adel Medzikovic
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Shaghayegh Basatvat
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Lily Paillat
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Nicolas Vedrenne
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Joseph W Snuggs
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
| | - Deepani W Poramba-Liyanage
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Judith A Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre Central Manchester Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre Manchester UK
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong China
| | - Anne Camus
- Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, RMeS Nantes Université, Oniris, CHU Nantes, INSERM, UMR 1229 Nantes France
| | - Stephen M Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Le Maitre
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism Medical School, The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre Sheffield Hallam University Sheffield UK
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9
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Zhao YD, Huang YC, Lin JL, Li WS. Intervertebral Disc Progenitors: Lessons Learned from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing and the Role in Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:713. [PMID: 37370644 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tremendous personal and economic burden worldwide caused by low back pain (LBP) has been surging in recent years. While intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is the leading cause of LBP and vast efforts have been made to develop effective therapies, this problem is far from being resolved, as most treatments, such as painkillers and surgeries, mainly focus on relieving the symptoms rather than reversing the cause of IVDD. However, as stem/progenitor cells possess the potential to regenerate IVD, a deeper understanding of the early development and role of these cells could help to improve the effectiveness of stem/progenitor cell therapy in treating LBP. Single-cell RNA sequencing results provide fresh insights into the heterogeneity and development patterns of IVD progenitors; additionally, we compare mesenchymal stromal cells and IVD progenitors to provide a clearer view of the optimal cell source proposed for IVD regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Dong Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong-Can Huang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Orthopaedic Regenerative Technologies, Department of Spine Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, China
| | - Jia-Liang Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Shi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease Research, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Xia KS, Li DD, Wang CG, Ying LW, Wang JK, Yang B, Shu JW, Huang XP, Zhang YA, Yu C, Zhou XP, Li FC, Slater NK, Tang JB, Chen QX, Liang CZ. An esterase-responsive ibuprofen nano-micelle pre-modified embryo derived nucleus pulposus progenitor cells promote the regeneration of intervertebral disc degeneration. Bioact Mater 2023; 21:69-85. [PMID: 36017070 PMCID: PMC9399388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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11
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Epigenetic regulation of T cell lineages in skin and blood following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Immunol 2023; 248:109245. [PMID: 36702179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) seeks to reconstitute the host's immune system from donor stem cells. The success of HSCT is threatened by complications including leukemia relapse or graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD). To investigate the underlying regulatory processes in central and peripheral T cell recovery, we performed sequential multi-omics analysis of T cells of the skin and blood during HSCT. We detected rapid effector T cell reconstitution, while emergence of regulatory T cells was delayed. Epigenetic and gene-regulatory programs were associated with recovering T cells and diverged greatly between skin and blood T cells. The BRG1/BRM-associated factor chromatin remodeling complex and histone deacetylases (HDACs) were epigenetic regulators involved in restoration of T cell homeostasis after transplantation. In isolated T cells of patients after HSCT, we observed class I HDAC-inhibitors to modulate their dysbalance. The present study highlights the importance of epigenetic regulation in the recovery of T cells following HSCT.
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12
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Mammalian gastrulation: signalling activity and transcriptional regulation of cell lineage differentiation and germ layer formation. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1619-1631. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20220256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The interplay of signalling input and downstream transcriptional activity is the key molecular attribute driving the differentiation of germ layer tissue and the specification of cell lineages within each germ layer during gastrulation. This review delves into the current understanding of signalling and transcriptional control of lineage development in the germ layers of mouse embryo and non-human primate embryos during gastrulation and highlights the inter-species conservation and divergence of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of germ layer development in the human embryo.
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13
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Lufkin L, Samanta A, Baker D, Lufkin S, Schulze J, Ellis B, Rose J, Lufkin T, Kraus P. Glis1 and oxaloacetate in nucleus pulposus stromal cell somatic reprogramming and survival. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1009402. [PMID: 36406265 PMCID: PMC9671658 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1009402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to repair degenerate tissue through cell refurbishment with minimally invasive procedures. Adipose tissue (FAT)-derived stem or stromal cells are a convenient autologous choice for many regenerative cell therapy approaches. The intervertebral disc (IVD) is a suitable target. Comprised of an inner nucleus pulposus (NP) and an outer annulus fibrosus (AF), the degeneration of the IVD through trauma or aging presents a substantial socio-economic burden worldwide. The avascular nature of the mature NP forces cells to reside in a unique environment with increased lactate levels, conditions that pose a challenge to cell-based therapies. We assessed adipose and IVD tissue-derived stromal cells through in vitro transcriptome analysis in 2D and 3D culture and suggested that the transcription factor Glis1 and metabolite oxaloacetic acid (OAA) could provide NP cells with survival tools for the harsh niche conditions in the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Lufkin
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States,The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Ankita Samanta
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - DeVaun Baker
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Sina Lufkin
- The Clarkson School, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | | | - Benjamin Ellis
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Jillian Rose
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Thomas Lufkin
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States
| | - Petra Kraus
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Petra Kraus,
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14
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Direct Reprogramming and Induction of Human Dermal Fibroblasts to Differentiate into iPS-Derived Nucleus Pulposus-like Cells in 3D Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074059. [PMID: 35409417 PMCID: PMC8999916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) diseases are common spinal disorders that cause neck or back pain in the presence or absence of an underlying neurological disorder. IVD diseases develop on the basis of degeneration, and there are no established treatments for degeneration. IVD diseases may therefore represent a candidate for the application of regenerative medicine, potentially employing normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs) induced to differentiate into nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Here, we used a three-dimensional culture system to demonstrate that ectopic expression of MYC, KLF4, NOTO, SOX5, SOX6, and SOX9 in NHDFs generated NP-like cells, detected using Safranin-O staining. Quantitative PCR, microarray analysis, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that the induced NP cells exhibited a fully differentiated phenotype. These findings may significantly contribute to the development of effective strategies for treating IVD diseases.
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15
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Bach FC, Poramba-Liyanage DW, Riemers FM, Guicheux J, Camus A, Iatridis JC, Chan D, Ito K, Le Maitre CL, Tryfonidou MA. Notochordal Cell-Based Treatment Strategies and Their Potential in Intervertebral Disc Regeneration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:780749. [PMID: 35359916 PMCID: PMC8963872 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.780749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back pain is the number one cause of years lived with disability. In about 40% of patients, chronic lower back pain is related to intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. The standard-of-care focuses on symptomatic relief, while surgery is the last resort. Emerging therapeutic strategies target the underlying cause of IVD degeneration and increasingly focus on the relatively overlooked notochordal cells (NCs). NCs are derived from the notochord and once the notochord regresses they remain in the core of the developing IVD, the nucleus pulposus. The large vacuolated NCs rapidly decline after birth and are replaced by the smaller nucleus pulposus cells with maturation, ageing, and degeneration. Here, we provide an update on the journey of NCs and discuss the cell markers and tools that can be used to study their fate and regenerative capacity. We review the therapeutic potential of NCs for the treatment of IVD-related lower back pain and outline important future directions in this area. Promising studies indicate that NCs and their secretome exerts regenerative effects, via increased proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and anti-inflammatory effects. Reports on NC-like cells derived from embryonic- or induced pluripotent-stem cells claim to have successfully generated NC-like cells but did not compare them with native NCs for phenotypic markers or in terms of their regenerative capacity. Altogether, this is an emerging and active field of research with exciting possibilities. NC-based studies demonstrate that cues from developmental biology can pave the path for future clinical therapies focused on regenerating the diseased IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances C. Bach
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Frank M. Riemers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jerome Guicheux
- UMR 1229-RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
- UFR Odontologie, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- PHU4 OTONN, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Camus
- UMR 1229-RMeS, Regenerative Medicine and Skeleton, Université de Nantes, ONIRIS, Nantes, France
| | - James C. Iatridis
- Leni and Peter W. May Department of Orthopaedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keita Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Marianna A. Tryfonidou,
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16
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Hickman TT, Rathan-Kumar S, Peck SH. Development, Pathogenesis, and Regeneration of the Intervertebral Disc: Current and Future Insights Spanning Traditional to Omics Methods. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:841831. [PMID: 35359439 PMCID: PMC8963184 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.841831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intervertebral disc (IVD) is the fibrocartilaginous joint located between each vertebral body that confers flexibility and weight bearing capabilities to the spine. The IVD plays an important role in absorbing shock and stress applied to the spine, which helps to protect not only the vertebral bones, but also the brain and the rest of the central nervous system. Degeneration of the IVD is correlated with back pain, which can be debilitating and severely affects quality of life. Indeed, back pain results in substantial socioeconomic losses and healthcare costs globally each year, with about 85% of the world population experiencing back pain at some point in their lifetimes. Currently, therapeutic strategies for treating IVD degeneration are limited, and as such, there is great interest in advancing treatments for back pain. Ideally, treatments for back pain would restore native structure and thereby function to the degenerated IVD. However, the complex developmental origin and tissue composition of the IVD along with the avascular nature of the mature disc makes regeneration of the IVD a uniquely challenging task. Investigators across the field of IVD research have been working to elucidate the mechanisms behind the formation of this multifaceted structure, which may identify new therapeutic targets and inform development of novel regenerative strategies. This review summarizes current knowledge base on IVD development, degeneration, and regenerative strategies taken from traditional genetic approaches and omics studies and discusses the future landscape of investigations in IVD research and advancement of clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara T. Hickman
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sudiksha Rathan-Kumar
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sun H. Peck
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- *Correspondence: Sun H. Peck,
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17
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Intervertebral disc repair and regeneration: Insights from the notochord. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 127:3-9. [PMID: 34865989 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate notochord plays an essential role in patterning multiple structures during embryonic development. In the early 2000s, descendants of notochord cells were demonstrated to form the entire nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc in addition to their key role in embryonic patterning. The nucleus pulposus undergoes degeneration during postnatal life, which can lead to back pain. Recently, gene and protein profiles of notochord and nucleus pulposus cells have been identified. These datasets, coupled with the ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into cells that resemble nucleus pulposus cells, provide the possibility of generating a cell-based therapy to halt and/or reverse disc degeneration.
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18
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Williams RJ, Tryfonidou MA, Snuggs JW, Le Maitre CL. Cell sources proposed for nucleus pulposus regeneration. JOR Spine 2021; 4:e1175. [PMID: 35005441 PMCID: PMC8717099 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower back pain (LBP) occurs in 80% of adults in their lifetime; resulting in LBP being one of the biggest causes of disability worldwide. Chronic LBP has been linked to the degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The current treatments for chronic back pain only provide alleviation of symptoms through pain relief, tissue removal, or spinal fusion; none of which target regenerating the degenerate IVD. As nucleus pulposus (NP) degeneration is thought to represent a key initiation site of IVD degeneration, cell therapy that specifically targets the restoration of the NP has been reviewed here. A literature search to quantitatively assess all cell types used in NP regeneration was undertaken. With key cell sources: NP cells; annulus fibrosus cells; notochordal cells; chondrocytes; bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells; adipose-derived stromal cells; and induced pluripotent stem cells extensively analyzed for their regenerative potential of the NP. This review highlights: accessibility; expansion capability in vitro; cell survival in an IVD environment; regenerative potential; and safety for these key potential cell sources. In conclusion, while several potential cell sources have been proposed, iPSC may provide the most promising regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Williams
- Biomedical Research Centre, BiosciencesSheffield Hallam UniversitySheffieldUK
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
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19
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Baumgartner L, Wuertz-Kozak K, Le Maitre CL, Wignall F, Richardson SM, Hoyland J, Ruiz Wills C, González Ballester MA, Neidlin M, Alexopoulos LG, Noailly J. Multiscale Regulation of the Intervertebral Disc: Achievements in Experimental, In Silico, and Regenerative Research. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E703. [PMID: 33445782 PMCID: PMC7828304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major risk factor of low back pain. It is defined by a progressive loss of the IVD structure and functionality, leading to severe impairments with restricted treatment options due to the highly demanding mechanical exposure of the IVD. Degenerative changes in the IVD usually increase with age but at an accelerated rate in some individuals. To understand the initiation and progression of this disease, it is crucial to identify key top-down and bottom-up regulations' processes, across the cell, tissue, and organ levels, in health and disease. Owing to unremitting investigation of experimental research, the comprehension of detailed cell signaling pathways and their effect on matrix turnover significantly rose. Likewise, in silico research substantially contributed to a holistic understanding of spatiotemporal effects and complex, multifactorial interactions within the IVD. Together with important achievements in the research of biomaterials, manifold promising approaches for regenerative treatment options were presented over the last years. This review provides an integrative analysis of the current knowledge about (1) the multiscale function and regulation of the IVD in health and disease, (2) the possible regenerative strategies, and (3) the in silico models that shall eventually support the development of advanced therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Baumgartner
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Karin Wuertz-Kozak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT), Rochester, NY 14623, USA;
- Schön Clinic Munich Harlaching, Spine Center, Academic Teaching Hospital and Spine Research Institute of the Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg (Austria), 81547 Munich, Germany
| | - Christine L. Le Maitre
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK;
| | - Francis Wignall
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Stephen M. Richardson
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Judith Hoyland
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK; (F.W.); (S.M.R.); (J.H.)
| | - Carlos Ruiz Wills
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
| | - Miguel A. González Ballester
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Neidlin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Leonidas G. Alexopoulos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece; (M.N.); (L.G.A.)
| | - Jérôme Noailly
- BCN MedTech, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08018 Barcelona, Spain; (L.B.); (C.R.W.); (M.A.G.B.)
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20
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Tessier S, Risbud MV. Understanding embryonic development for cell-based therapies of intervertebral disc degeneration: Toward an effort to treat disc degeneration subphenotypes. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:302-317. [PMID: 32564440 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low back and neck pain are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration and are major contributors to the global burden of disability. New evidence now suggests that disc degeneration comprises a spectrum of subphenotypes influenced by genetic background, age, and environmental factors, which may be contributing to the mixed outcomes seen in clinical trials of cell-based therapies that aim to treat disc degeneration. This problem is further compounded by the fact that disc degeneration and aging coincide with an exhaustion of endogenous progenitor cells, imposing limitations on the regenerative capacity of the disc. At the bench-side, current work is focused on applying our knowledge of embryonic disc development to direct and refine differentiation of adult and human-induced pluripotent stem cells into notochord-like and nucleus pulposus-like cells for use in novel cell-based therapies. Accordingly, this review presents the salient features of intervertebral disc development, post-natal maintenance, and regeneration, with emphasis on recent advancements. We also discuss how a stratified approach can be undertaken for the development of future cell-based therapies to bring emerging subphenotypes into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Tessier
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Makarand V Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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