1
|
Liu J, Gao J, Lu P, Wang Y, Xing S, Yan Y, Han R, Hao P, Li X. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes as Drug Carriers for Delivering miRNA-29b to Ameliorate Inflammation in Corneal Injury Via Activating Autophagy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:16. [PMID: 38856990 PMCID: PMC11166224 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal injury (CI) resulting in corneal opacity remains a clinical challenge. Exosomes (Exos) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been proven effective in repairing various tissue injuries and are also considered excellent drug carriers due to their biological properties. Recently, microRNA-29b (miR-29b) was found to play an important role in the autophagy regulation which correlates with cell inflammation and fibrosis. However, the effects of miR-29b and autophagy on CI remain unclear. To find better treatments for CI, we used Exos to carry miR-29b and investigated its effects in the treatment of CI. Methods BMSCs were transfected with miR-29b-3p agomir/antagomir and negative controls (NCs) to obtain Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, and Exos-NC. C57BL/6J mice that underwent CI surgeries were treated with Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, Exos-NC, or PBS. The autophagy, inflammation, and fibrosis of the cornea were estimated by slit-lamp, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunofluorescence, RT‒qPCR, and Western blot. The effects of miR-29b-3p on autophagy and inflammation in immortalized human corneal epithelial cells (iHCECs) were also investigated. Results Compared to PBS, Exos-29b-ago, Exos-29b-anta, and Exos-NC all could ameliorate corneal inflammation and fibrosis. However, Exos-29b-ago, which accumulated a large amount of miR-29b-3p, exerted excellent potency via autophagy activation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and further inhibited corneal inflammation via the mTOR/NF-κB/IL-1β pathway. After Exos-29b-ago treatment, the expressions of collagen type III, α-smooth muscle actin, fibronectin, and vimentin were significantly decreased than in other groups. In addition, overexpression of miR-29b-3p prevented iHCECs from autophagy impairment and inflammatory injury. Conclusions Exos from BMSCs carrying miR-29b-3p can significantly improve the therapeutic effect on CI via activating autophagy and further inhibiting corneal inflammation and fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Liu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Juan Gao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuchuan Wang
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Shulei Xing
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yarong Yan
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruifang Han
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Hao
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuan Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Nankai University Affiliated Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Tianjin, China
- Clinical College of Ophthalmology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shams SGE, Ocampo RJ, Rahman S, Makhlouf MM, Ali J, Elnashar MM, Ebrahim HL, Abd Elmageed ZY. Decoding the secrets of small extracellular vesicle communications: exploring the inhibition of vesicle-associated pathways and interception strategies for cancer treatment. Am J Cancer Res 2024; 14:1957-1980. [PMID: 38859839 PMCID: PMC11162651 DOI: 10.62347/jwmx3035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer disease is the second leading cause of death worldwide. In 2023, about 2 million new cancer cases and 609,820 cancer deaths are projected to occur in the United States. The driving forces of cancer progression and metastasis are widely varied and comprise multifactorial events. Although there is significant success in treating cancer, patients still present with tumors at advanced stages. Therefore, the discovery of novel oncologic pathways has been widely developed. Tumor cells communicate with each other through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which contribute to tumor-stromal interaction and promote tumor growth and metastasis. sEV-specific inhibitors are being investigated as a next-generation cancer therapy. A literature search was conducted to discuss different options for targeting sEV pathways in cancer cells. However, there are some challenges that need to be addressed in targeting sEVs: i) specificity and toxicity of sEV inhibitor, ii) targeted delivery of sEV inhibitors, iii) combination of sEV inhibitors with current standard chemotherapy to improve patients' clinical outcomes, and iv) data reproducibility and applicability at distinct levels of the disease. Despite these challenges, sEV inhibitors have immense potential for effectively treating cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shams GE Shams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Ron-Joseph Ocampo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Sanna Rahman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Maysoon M Makhlouf
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Jihad Ali
- School of Medicine, Medipol UniversityKavacik, Beykoz 34810, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Magdy M Elnashar
- School of Medicine, Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin UniversityBentley, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hassan L Ebrahim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine (VCOM)Monroe, LA 71203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maji S, Kumar A, Emdad L, Fisher PB, Das SK. Molecular landscape of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Adv Cancer Res 2024; 161:321-365. [PMID: 39032953 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acr.2024.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PC) has a high propensity to develop bone metastases, causing severe pain and pathological fractures that profoundly impact a patients' normal functions. Current clinical intervention is mainly palliative focused on pain management, and tumor progression is refractory to standard therapeutic regimens. This limited treatment efficacy is at least partially due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the molecular landscape of the disease pathology, along with the intensive overlapping of physiological and pathological molecular signaling. The niche is overwhelmed with diverse cell types with inter- and intra-heterogeneity, along with growth factor-enriched cells that are supportive of invading cell proliferation, providing an additional layer of complexity. This review seeks to provide molecular insights into mechanisms underlying PC bone metastasis development and progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Maji
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Amit Kumar
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Luni Emdad
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| | - Swadesh K Das
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States; VCU Massey Comprehensive Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang J, Liu J, Yuan C, Yang B, Pang H, Chen K, Feng J, Deng Y, Zhang X, Li W, Wang C, Xie J, Zhang J. Palmitic acid-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway is involved in the crosstalk between bone marrow adipocytes and prostate cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:75. [PMID: 38221626 PMCID: PMC10789002 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-induced abnormal bone marrow microenvironment is one of the important risk element for bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to determine whether obesity-induced elevation in palmitic acid (PA), which is the most abundant of the free fatty acids (FFAs), increased CCL2 via the GPRs/KLF7 pathway in bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) to facilitate PCa growth and metastasis. METHODS We constructed a bone-tumor bearing mouse model with obesity through high-fat diet, and observed the tumor formation ability of PCa cells. In vitro, observe the effect of PA on the expression level of CCL2 in BMA through GPRs/KLF7 signaling pathway. After co-culture of BMA and PCa cells, CCK8 assay and transwell experiment were used to detect the changes in biological behavior of PCa cells stimulated by BMA. RESULTS The BMA distribution in the bone marrow cavity of BALB/c nude mice fed with the high-fat diet (HFD) was evidently higher than that in the mice fed with the normal diet (ND). Moreover, HFD-induced obesity promoted KLF7/CCL2 expression in BMA and PCa cell growth in the bone marrow cavity of the mice. In the vitro experiment, a conditioned medium with increased CCL2 obtained from the BMA cultured with PA (CM-BMA-PA) was used for culturing the PCa cell lines, which evidently enhanced the proliferation, invasion, and migration ability. KLF7 significantly increased the CCL2 expression and secretion levels in BMA by targeting the promoter region of the CCL2 gene. In addition, GPR40/120 engaged in the PA-induced high KLF7/CCL2 levels in BMA to facilitate the malignant progression of PC-3 cells. CONCLUSIONS PA-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway in BMA facilitates prostate cancer growth and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Chenggang Yuan
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Bingqi Yang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Huai Pang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Keru Chen
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jiale Feng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuchun Deng
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Cuizhe Wang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jianxin Xie
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shihezi University School of Medicine, Bei-Er-Lu, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
- Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethic Diseases, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832000, Xinjiang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan S, Hoggard NK, Kantake N, Hildreth BE, Rosol TJ. Effects of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) on Prostate Cancer Growth and Bone Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2695. [PMID: 38067123 PMCID: PMC10705757 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoblastic bone metastases are commonly detected in patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and are associated with an increased mortality rate. Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) antagonizes canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling and plays a complex role in bone metastases. We explored the function of cancer cell-specific DKK-1 in PCa growth, metastasis, and cancer-bone interactions using the osteoblastic canine PCa cell line, Probasco. Probasco or Probasco + DKK-1 (cells transduced with human DKK-1) were injected into the tibia or left cardiac ventricle of athymic nude mice. Bone metastases were detected by bioluminescent imaging in vivo and evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histopathology. Cancer cell proliferation, migration, gene/protein expression, and their impact on primary murine osteoblasts and osteoclasts, were evaluated in vitro. DKK-1 increased cancer growth and stimulated cell migration independent of canonical WNT signaling. Enhanced cancer progression by DKK-1 was associated with increased cell proliferation, up-regulation of NF-kB/p65 signaling, inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of non-canonical WNT/JNK signaling, and increased expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes. In addition, DKK-1 attenuated the osteoblastic activity of Probasco cells, and bone metastases had decreased cancer-induced intramedullary woven bone formation. Decreased bone formation might be due to the inhibition of osteoblast differentiation and stimulation of osteoclast activity through a decrease in the OPG/RANKL ratio in the bone microenvironment. The present study indicated that the cancer-promoting role of DKK-1 in PCa bone metastases was associated with increased growth of bone metastases, reduced bone induction, and altered signaling through the canonical WNT-independent pathway. DKK-1 could be a promising therapeutic target for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Yuan
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Nathan K. Hoggard
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Noriko Kantake
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| | - Blake E. Hildreth
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Thomas J. Rosol
- Department of Biological Sciences, The Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA; (N.K.H.); (N.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zenner ML, Kirkpatrick B, Leonardo TR, Schlicht MJ, Saldana AC, Loitz C, Valyi‐Nagy K, Maienschein‐Cline M, Gann PH, Abern M, Nonn L. Prostate-derived circulating microRNAs add prognostic value to prostate cancer risk calculators. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e122. [PMID: 38496750 PMCID: PMC10938556 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of malignancy-related deaths among American men. Active surveillance is a safe option for many men with less aggressive disease, yet definitively determining low-risk cancer is challenging with biopsy alone. Herein, we sought to identify prostate-derived microRNAs in patient sera and serum extracellular vesicles, and determine if those microRNAs improve upon the current clinical risk calculators for prostate cancer prognosis before and after biopsy. Prostate-derived intracellular and extracellular vesicle-contained microRNAs were identified by small RNA sequencing of prostate cancer patient explants and primary cells. Abundant microRNAs were included in a custom microRNA PCR panel that was queried in whole serum and serum extracellular vesicles from a diverse cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The levels of these circulating microRNAs significantly differed between indolent and aggressive disease and improved the area under the curve for pretreatment nomograms of prostate cancer disease risk. The microRNAs within the extracellular vesicles were the most informative and improved the AUC to 0.739 compared to the existing nomogram alone, which has an AUC of 0.561. The microRNAs in the whole serum improved it to AUC 0.675. In summary, quantifying microRNAs circulating in extracellular vesicles is a clinically feasible assay that may provide additional information for assessing prostate cancer risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L. Zenner
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Brenna Kirkpatrick
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Trevor R. Leonardo
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- Department of Periodontics, Center for Wound Healing and Tissue RegenerationUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Alejandra Cavazos Saldana
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Candice Loitz
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Klara Valyi‐Nagy
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Mark Maienschein‐Cline
- Research Resource Core BioinformaticsUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Peter H. Gann
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Michael Abern
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Larisa Nonn
- Department of PathologyUniversity of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoIllinoisUSA
- University of Illinois Cancer CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zenner ML, Kirkpatrick B, Leonardo TR, Schlicht MJ, Saldana AC, Loitz C, Valyi-Nagy K, Maienschein-Cline M, Gann PH, Abern M, Nonn L. Prostate-derived circulating microRNAs add prognostic value to prostate cancer risk calculators. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540236. [PMID: 37214878 PMCID: PMC10197676 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of malignancy-related deaths among American men. Active surveillance is a safe option for many men with less aggressive disease, yet definitively determining low-risk cancer is challenging with biopsy alone. Herein, we sought to identify prostate-derived microRNAs in patient sera and serum extracellular vesicles, and determine if those microRNAs improve upon the current clinical risk calculators for prostate cancer prognosis before and after biopsy. Prostate-derived intracellular and extracellular vesicle-contained microRNAs were identified by small RNA sequencing of prostate cancer patient explants and primary cells. Abundant microRNAs were included in a custom microRNA PCR panel that was queried in whole serum and serum extracellular vesicles from a diverse cohort of men diagnosed with prostate cancer. The levels of these circulating microRNAs significantly differed between indolent and aggressive disease and improved the area under the curve for pretreatment nomograms of prostate cancer disease risk. The microRNAs within the extracellular vesicles had improved prognostic value compared to the microRNAs in the whole serum. In summary, quantifying microRNAs circulating in extracellular vesicles is a clinically feasible assay that may provide additional information for assessing prostate cancer risk stratification.
Collapse
|
9
|
Melnik BC, Stadler R, Weiskirchen R, Leitzmann C, Schmitz G. Potential Pathogenic Impact of Cow’s Milk Consumption and Bovine Milk-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076102. [PMID: 37047075 PMCID: PMC10094152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence supports an association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common non-Hodgkin lymphoma worldwide. This narrative review intends to elucidate the potential impact of milk-related agents, predominantly milk-derived exosomes (MDEs) and their microRNAs (miRs) in lymphomagenesis. Upregulation of PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 signaling is a common feature of DLBCL. Increased expression of B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) and suppression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein 1 (BLIMP1)/PR domain-containing protein 1 (PRDM1) are crucial pathological deviations in DLBCL. Translational evidence indicates that during the breastfeeding period, human MDE miRs support B cell proliferation via epigenetic upregulation of BCL6 (via miR-148a-3p-mediated suppression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and miR-155-5p/miR-29b-5p-mediated suppression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AICDA) and suppression of BLIMP1 (via MDE let-7-5p/miR-125b-5p-targeting of PRDM1). After weaning with the physiological termination of MDE miR signaling, the infant’s BCL6 expression and B cell proliferation declines, whereas BLIMP1-mediated B cell maturation for adequate own antibody production rises. Because human and bovine MDE miRs share identical nucleotide sequences, the consumption of pasteurized cow’s milk in adults with the continued transfer of bioactive bovine MDE miRs may de-differentiate B cells back to the neonatal “proliferation-dominated” B cell phenotype maintaining an increased BLC6/BLIMP1 ratio. Persistent milk-induced epigenetic dysregulation of BCL6 and BLIMP1 expression may thus represent a novel driving mechanism in B cell lymphomagenesis. Bovine MDEs and their miR cargo have to be considered potential pathogens that should be removed from the human food chain.
Collapse
|
10
|
Malgundkar SH, Tamimi Y. Exosomes as crucial emerging tools for intercellular communication with therapeutic potential in ovarian cancer. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO833. [PMID: 37006229 PMCID: PMC10051132 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
More than two-thirds of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients are diagnosed at advanced stages due to the lack of sensitive biomarkers. Currently, exosomes are intensively investigated as non-invasive cancer diagnostic markers. Exosomes are nanovesicles released in the extracellular milieu with the potential to modulate recipient cells' behavior. EOC cells release many altered exosomal cargoes that exhibit clinical relevance to tumor progression. Exosomes represent powerful therapeutic tools (drug carriers or vaccines), posing a promising option in clinical practice for curing EOC in the near future. In this review, we highlight the importance of exosomes in cell–cell communication, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), and their potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic factors, particularly in EOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shika Hanif Malgundkar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, PC 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Yahya Tamimi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, PO Box 35, PC 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Marie PP, Fan S, Mason J, Wells A, Mendes CC, Wainwright SM, Scott S, Fischer R, Harris AL, Wilson C, Goberdhan DCI. Accessory ESCRT-III proteins are conserved and selective regulators of Rab11a-exosome formation. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12311. [PMID: 36872252 PMCID: PMC9986085 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted nanovesicles with potent signalling activity that are initially formed as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) in late Rab7-positive multivesicular endosomes, and also in recycling Rab11a-positive endosomes, particularly under some forms of nutrient stress. The core proteins of the Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT) participate in exosome biogenesis and ILV-mediated destruction of ubiquitinylated cargos. Accessory ESCRT-III components have reported roles in ESCRT-III-mediated vesicle scission, but their precise functions are poorly defined. They frequently only appear essential under stress. Comparative proteomics analysis of human small extracellular vesicles revealed that accessory ESCRT-III proteins, CHMP1A, CHMP1B, CHMP5 and IST1, are increased in Rab11a-enriched exosome preparations. We show that these proteins are required to form ILVs in Drosophila secondary cell recycling endosomes, but unlike core ESCRTs, they are not involved in degradation of ubiquitinylated proteins in late endosomes. Furthermore, CHMP5 knockdown in human HCT116 colorectal cancer cells selectively inhibits Rab11a-exosome production. Accessory ESCRT-III knockdown suppresses seminal fluid-mediated reproductive signalling by secondary cells and the growth-promoting activity of Rab11a-exosome-containing EVs from HCT116 cells. We conclude that accessory ESCRT-III components have a specific, ubiquitin-independent role in Rab11a-exosome generation, a mechanism that might be targeted to selectively block pro-tumorigenic activities of these vesicles in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline P. Marie
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Shih‐Jung Fan
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - John Mason
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Adam Wells
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Cláudia C. Mendes
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - S. Mark Wainwright
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Sheherezade Scott
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Clive Wilson
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and GeneticsUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Figueira I, Bastos P, González-Sarrías A, Espín JC, Costa-Silva B, Nunes Dos Santos C. Can exosomes transfer the preconditioning effects triggered by (poly)phenol compounds between cells? Food Funct 2023; 14:15-31. [PMID: 36525310 PMCID: PMC9809131 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Effective strategies in prolonging life- and health span are increasingly recognized as acting as mild stressors. Micronutrients and other dietary compounds such as (poly)phenols may act as moderate stressors and confer protective effects via a preconditioning phenomenon. (Poly)phenols and their metabolites may not need to reach their target cells to produce biologically significant responses, so that cells exposed to it at entry points may communicate signals to other cells. One of such "communication" mechanisms could occur through extracellular vesicles, including exosomes. In vitro loading of exosomes with (poly)phenols has been used to achieve targeted exosome homing. However, it is unknown if similar shuttling phenomena occur in vivo upon (poly)phenols consumption. Alternatively, exposure to (poly)phenols might trigger responses in exposed organs, which can subsequently signal to cells distant from exposure sites via exosomes. The currently available studies favor indirect effects of (poly)phenols, tempting to suggest a "billiard-like" or "domino-like" propagating effect mediated by quantitative and qualitative changes in exosomes triggered by (poly)phenols. In this review, we discuss the limited current data available on how (poly)phenols exposure can potentially modify exosomes activity, highlighting major questions regarding how (epi)genetic, physiological, and gut microbiota factors can modulate and be modulated by the putative exosome-(poly)phenolic compound interplay that still remains to be fully understood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inês Figueira
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Paulo Bastos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Antonio González-Sarrías
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Murcia, Spain
| | - Bruno Costa-Silva
- Champalimaud Physiology and Cancer Programme, Champalimaud Foundation, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Nunes Dos Santos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School| Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
- iBET, Institute of Experimental and Technological Biology, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quesnel A, Broughton A, Karagiannis GS, Filippou PS. Message in the bottle: regulation of the tumor microenvironment via exosome-driven proteolysis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:789-801. [PMID: 35394580 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes comprise a subtype of extracellular vesicles involved in cell-to-cell communication, specifically by transporting biological molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids, to either local or more distant recipient cells, thus triggering distinct biological behaviors. Included in the exosome cargo is frequently a wide range of proteolytic enzymes, such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), the disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs), and the ADAM with thrombospondin-like motifs (ADAMTSs), whose functions contribute to the development and progression of cancer. In recent years, extensive research on the potential use of exosomes in diagnostic and therapeutic applications for personalized medicine has emerged, but the targeting of the proteolytic cargo of exosomes has not been fully exploited in this direction. In this review, we aim to explore both the mechanistic and the translational importance of proteolytic enzymes carried by the tumor cell-derived exosomes, as well as their role in the acquisition and support of certain hallmarks of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Quesnel
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK
| | - Amy Broughton
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK
| | - George S Karagiannis
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Gruss Lipper Biophotonics Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Integrated Imaging Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Panagiota S Filippou
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK. .,National Horizons Centre, Teesside University, Darlington, DL1 1HG, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Tang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Shen Y, Sun X, Kang M, Zhao M, Chen Q. The Autocrine Role of Placental Extracellular Vesicles from Missed Miscarriage in Causing Senescence: Possible Pathogenesis of Missed Miscarriage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233873. [PMID: 36497129 PMCID: PMC9740889 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Placental dysfunction, including senescent changes, is associated with the pathogenesis of missed miscarriage, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Increasing evidence indicates that placenta-specific miRNAs are packaged in extracellular vesicles (EVs) from placental syncytiotrophoblasts and are released into the maternal circulation. Aberrant cargos including miRNAs in placental EVs have been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of complicated pregnancies. In this study, we compared the miRNA profiles in EVs derived from missed miscarriage and healthy placentae and investigated possible biological pathways which may be involved in senescence, one cause of missed miscarriage. The total concentration of RNA in placental EVs was not different between the two groups. However, there were 54 and 94 differentially expressed miRNAs in placental large and small EVs from missed miscarriage compared to EVs from healthy controls. The aberrantly expressed miRNAs seen in placental EVs were also observed in missed miscarriage placentae. Gene enrichment analysis showed that some of those differentially expressed miRNAs are involved in cellular senescence, endocytosis, cell cycle and endocrine resistance. Furthermore, transfection of trophoblasts by a single senescence-associated miRNA that was differentially expressed in placental EVs derived from missed miscarriage did not cause trophoblast dysfunction. In contrast, EVs derived from missed miscarriage placenta induced senescent changes in the healthy placenta. Our data suggested that a complex of placental EVs, rather than a few differentially expressed miRNAs in placental EVs derived from missed miscarriage placentae could contribute in an autocrine manner to placental senescence, one of the causes of missed miscarriage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1141, New Zealand
| | - Yunhui Tang
- Department of Family Planning, The Hospital of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200082, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1141, New Zealand
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Wuxi No. 2 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Family Planning, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xinyi Sun
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1141, New Zealand
| | - Matthew Kang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1141, New Zealand
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Gynaecological Cancer, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1141, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shao X, Hua S, Feng T, Ocansey DKW, Yin L. Hypoxia-Regulated Tumor-Derived Exosomes and Tumor Progression: A Focus on Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911789. [PMID: 36233088 PMCID: PMC9570495 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells express a high quantity of exosomes packaged with unique cargos under hypoxia, an important characteristic feature in solid tumors. These hypoxic tumor-derived exosomes are, crucially, involved in the interaction of cancer cells with their microenvironment, facilitating not only immune evasion, but increased cell growth and survival, enhanced angiogenesis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), therapeutic resistance, autophagy, pre-metastasis, and metastasis. This paper explores the tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling effects of hypoxic tumor-derived exosome towards facilitating the tumor progression process, particularly, the modulatory role of these factors on tumor cell immune evasion through suppression of immune cells, expression of surface recognition molecules, and secretion of antitumor soluble factor. Tumor-expressed exosomes educate immune effector cells, including macrophages, monocytes, T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), γδ T lymphocytes, regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), mast cells, and B cells, within the hypoxic TME through the release of factors that regulate their recruitment, phenotype, and function. Thus, both hypoxia and tumor-derived exosomes modulate immune cells, growth factors, cytokines, receptor molecules, and other soluble factors, which, together, collaborate to form the immune-suppressive milieu of the tumor environment. Exploring the contribution of exosomal cargos, such as RNAs and proteins, as indispensable players in the cross-talk within the hypoxic tumor microenvironmental provides a potential target for antitumor immunity or subverting immune evasion and enhancing tumor therapies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Advances in the Application of Nanomaterials to the Treatment of Melanoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102090. [PMID: 36297527 PMCID: PMC9610396 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma can be divided into cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, mucosal melanoma, etc. It is a very aggressive tumor that is prone to metastasis. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor prognosis and shorter survival. Although current melanoma treatments have been dramatically improved, there are still many problems such as systemic toxicity and the off-target effects of drugs. The use of nanoparticles may overcome some inadequacies of current melanoma treatments. In this review, we summarize the limitations of current therapies for cutaneous melanoma, uveal melanoma, and mucosal melanoma, as well as the adjunct role of nanoparticles in different treatment modalities. We suggest that nanomaterials may have an effective intervention in melanoma treatment in the future.
Collapse
|
17
|
Exporting Proteins Associated with Senescence Repair via Extracellular Vesicles May Be Associated with Early Pregnancy Loss. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182772. [PMID: 36139348 PMCID: PMC9496689 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dysfunction of placental development is involved in early pregnancy loss. Senescent changes have been seen in missed miscarriage, one type of pregnancy loss. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases. In this study, we investigated the protein profiles in placental EVs derived from missed miscarriage in comparison with healthy pregnancy. We also investigated whether cargos packed into EVs are involved in the dysfunctional development of the placenta seen in missed miscarriage. Methods: Proteomic analysis of placental EVs derived from healthy and missed-miscarriage placentae was performed. Three senescence-repair-associated proteins, replication protein A-70 (RPA-70), proteasome activator subunit-4 (PMSE-4), and protein activated kinase-2, (PAK-2) were examined in placental EVs and placentae, and in placental explants that had been treated with or without GW4869, by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Results: The total number of proteins associated with placental EVs was not different between the two groups. However, there were 106 and 151 abundantly expressed proteins associated with placental micro- or nano-EVs from missed miscarriage in comparison with EVs from controls. Of these abundant proteins, 59 and 81 proteins in placental micro- or nano-EVs, respectively, are associated with DNA damage/repair and cell death/survival. We further found higher levels of three senescence-repair-associated proteins (RPA-70, PMSE-4, and PAK-2) associated with placental EVs, but lower levels of these proteins in missed-miscarriage placentae. Regarding inhibition of EV formation or release by GW4869, we found that the expression of these three proteins was higher in GW4869-treated placental explants from missed miscarriage. Discussion: Our data may suggest that “inadvertently” sorting of cargos and exporting proteins associated with senescence-repair by placental EVs may be associated with the dysfunction of placental development seen in missed miscarriage.
Collapse
|
18
|
Gaballah MSA, Ali HEA, Hassan ZA, Mahgoub S, Ali HI, Rhim JS, Zerfaoui M, El Sayed KA, Stephen D, Sylvester PW, Abd Elmageed ZY. Small extracellular vesicle-associated miR-6068 promotes aggressive phenotypes of prostate cancer through miR-6068/HIC2/SIRT1 axis. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4015-4027. [PMID: 36119841 PMCID: PMC9442005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis and treatment of patients with aggressive prostate cancer (PCa) remains a clinically unmet need. We aimed to determine the levels of small extracellular vesicle (sEV)-associated microRNAs (miRs); miR-4737, miR-6068, and miR-6076 in a large panel of PCa cells and delineate the biological significance of miR-6068 in promoting PCa cells. sEVs were isolated from the conditioned medium of PCa cells, followed by RNA extraction and quantitative Real-Time PCR analysis. Functional assays were performed, and the protein expression of hypermethylated in cancer 2 (HIC2), as a potential miR-6068 target gene, was evaluated in PCa tissues by immunohistochemistry. sEV-associated miR-6068, miR-4737, and miR-6076 levels displayed large and significant differences compared to normal cells. miR-6068 was explicitly upregulated in sEV of PC-3 and CWR-R1ca cells (P<0.010). Suppression of miR-6068 in CWR-R1ca cells decreased cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell migration. In contrast, upregulation of miR-6068 in RC77T/E cells decreased HIC2 levels and increased cell aggressive phenotypes. The overexpression of HIC2 in PCa tissues was primarily observed in the cytoplasm compared to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and normal tissues (P<0.0001). This study confirms the differential packaging of miR-4737, miR-6068, and miR-6076 in sEVs of PCa cells. MiR-6068 promotes PCa cells to acquire aggressive phenotypes by inhibiting the HIC2/Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S A Gaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan UniversityHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hamdy E A Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843, USA
| | - Zeinab A Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan UniversityHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Shahenda Mahgoub
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan UniversityHelwan, Cairo 11795, Egypt
| | - Hamid I Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843, USA
| | - Johng S Rhim
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of The Health SciencesBethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Mourad Zerfaoui
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of MedicineNew Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at MonroeMonroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - David Stephen
- Department of Pathology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineAuburn, LA 36832, USA
| | - Paul W Sylvester
- School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at MonroeMonroe, LA 71203, USA
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M UniversityCollege Station 77843, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Discipline of Pharmacology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of Louisiana at MonroeMonroe, LA 71203, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Żmigrodzka M, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Pingwara R, Winnicka A. Platelet Extracellular Vesicles Are Taken up by Canine T Lymphocytes but Do Not Play a Role in Their Proliferation, Differentiation and Cytokine Production In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5504. [PMID: 35628314 PMCID: PMC9144133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells in physiological and pathological conditions form membrane-bound extracellular vesicles, known as EVs. The ability of these submicron structures to transfer their cargoes (miRNA, DNA, protein, cytokines, receptors, etc.) into recipient cells is described. Recent data revealed that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) crosstalk promotes cancer growth and metastasis formation. Moreover, they exert immunosuppressive activities on phagocytes. This EV subpopulation is the most abundant amongst all types in circulation. According to the authors' best knowledge, there is no information regarding the impact of PEVs on canine lymphocytes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PEVs on lymphocyte proliferation, phenotype and cytokine production in vitro. In the study, it was demonstrated (i) that PEVs interact differently with lymphocyte subsets and are preferentially associated with T-lymphocytes PBMC, while (ii) they are rarely detected in association with B-lymphocytes, and there is evidence that (iii) PEV uptake is observed after 7 h of co-culturing with lymphocytes. In addition, obtained data support the notion that PEVs do not influence in vitro lymphocyte proliferation, differentiation and cytokine production in a canine model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Żmigrodzka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Large Animal Diseases and Clinic, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Pingwara
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Winnicka
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kirkemo LL, Elledge SK, Yang J, Byrnes JR, Glasgow JE, Blelloch R, Wells JA. Cell-surface tethered promiscuous biotinylators enable comparative small-scale surface proteomic analysis of human extracellular vesicles and cells. eLife 2022; 11:73982. [PMID: 35257663 PMCID: PMC8983049 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of cell surface proteome differences between cancer and healthy cells is a valuable approach for the identification of novel diagnostic and therapeutic targets. However, selective sampling of surface proteins for proteomics requires large samples (>10e6 cells) and long labeling times. These limitations preclude analysis of material-limited biological samples or the capture of rapid surface proteomic changes. Here, we present two labeling approaches to tether exogenous peroxidases (APEX2 and HRP) directly to cells, enabling rapid, small-scale cell surface biotinylation without the need to engineer cells. We used a novel lipidated DNA-tethered APEX2 (DNA-APEX2), which upon addition to cells promoted cell agnostic membrane-proximal labeling. Alternatively, we employed horseradish peroxidase (HRP) fused to the glycan-binding domain of wheat germ agglutinin (WGA-HRP). This approach yielded a rapid and commercially inexpensive means to directly label cells containing common N-Acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) and sialic acid glycans on their surface. The facile WGA-HRP method permitted high surface coverage of cellular samples and enabled the first comparative surface proteome characterization of cells and cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to the robust quantification of 953 cell and EV surface annotated proteins. We identified a newly recognized subset of EV-enriched markers, as well as proteins that are uniquely upregulated on Myc oncogene-transformed prostate cancer EVs. These two cell-tethered enzyme surface biotinylation approaches are highly advantageous for rapidly and directly labeling surface proteins across a range of material-limited sample types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Kirkemo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Susanna K Elledge
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jiuling Yang
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James R Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jeff E Glasgow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Robert Blelloch
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James A Wells
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hatakenaka T, Matsuki N, Minagawa S, Khoo CSM, Saito M. Anti-Metastatic Function of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Nanog-Overexpressing Melanoma. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:1029-1046. [PMID: 35200587 PMCID: PMC8870779 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29020088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A metastatic melanoma cell line B16-F10 (F10) was modified to a more undifferentiated state by Nanog overexpression. The produced cell line Nanog+F10 showed a higher metastatic potential than F10. Instead of whole cells, the extracellular vesicles (EVs) therefrom were investigated about their possible role as an autovaccine against metastasis. EVs from Nanog+F10 cells (Nanog+F10-EVs) could suppress the metastasis, contrasting the EVs from less metastatic F10 cells (F10-EVs) enhanced metastasis. The involvement of TGF-β1 in the role of Nanog+F10-EVs was analyzed, as TGF-β1 was a secretory cytokine being affected most intensively by Nanog overexpression. It was suggested to be crucial that the TGF-β1 concentration in Nanog+F10-EVs should be as low as 1.6 pg/μg for its metastasis-suppressive role. In response to Nanog+F10-EVs, immunoreaction was observed in liver, indicating the specific decrease in the number of tumor-promotive CD163-positive macrophages. These indicate a possibility of Nanog+F10-EVs as a novel autovaccine candidate against melanoma metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Hatakenaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.H.); (N.M.); (C.S.M.K.)
| | - Nahoko Matsuki
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.H.); (N.M.); (C.S.M.K.)
| | - Seiya Minagawa
- Department of Industrial Technology and Innovation, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
| | - Celine Swee May Khoo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.H.); (N.M.); (C.S.M.K.)
| | - Mikako Saito
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan; (T.H.); (N.M.); (C.S.M.K.)
- Bioresource Laboratories, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16, Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-388-7400; Fax: +81-42-387-1503
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rizk NI, Abulsoud AI, Kamal MM, Kassem DH, Hamdy NM. Exosomal-long non-coding RNAs journey in colorectal cancer: Evil and goodness faces of key players. Life Sci 2022; 292:120325. [PMID: 35031258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (NVs) secreted by cells and take part in cell-cell communications. Lately, these exosomes were proved to have dual faces in cancer. Actually, they can contribute to carcinogenesis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), angiogenesis, metastasis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). On the other hand, they can be potential targets for cancer treatment. CRC is one of the most frequent tumors worldwide, with incidence rates rising in the recent decades. In its early stage, CRC is asymptomatic with poor treatment outcomes. Therefore, finding a non-invasive, early diagnostic biomarker tool and/or suitable defender to combat CRC is mandatory. Exosomes provide enrichment and safe setting for their cargos non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and proteins, whose expression levels can be upregulated ordown-regulated in cancer. Hence, exosomes can be used as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools for cancer. Moreover, exosomes can provide a novel potential therapeutic modality for tumors via loading with specific chemotherapeutic agents, with the advantage of possible tumor targeting. In this review, we will try to collect and address recent studies concerned with exosomes and their cargos' implications for CRC diagnosis and/or hopefully, treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nehal I Rizk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys Branch), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, Egypt; The Centre for Drug Research and Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, BUE, Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina H Kassem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Patras L, Ionescu AE, Munteanu C, Hajdu R, Kosa A, Porfire A, Licarete E, Rauca VF, Sesarman A, Luput L, Bulzu P, Chiroi P, Tranca RA, Meszaros MS, Negrea G, Barbu-Tudoran L, Potara M, Szedlacsek S, Banciu M. Trojan horse treatment based on PEG-coated extracellular vesicles to deliver doxorubicin to melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Biol Ther 2021; 23:1-16. [PMID: 34964693 PMCID: PMC8812761 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2021.2003656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailoring extracellular vesicles (EVs) as targeted drug delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy showed superior advantage over liposomal therapies. Herein, we developed a novel nanotool for targeting B16.F10 murine melanoma, based on EVs stabilized with Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and loaded with doxorubicin (DOX). Small EVs were efficiently enriched from melanoma cells cultured under metabolic stress by ultrafiltration coupled with size exclusion chromatography (UF-SEC) and characterized by size, morphology, and proteome. To reduce their clearance in vivo, EVs were PEGylated and passively loaded with DOX (PEG-EV-DOX). Our data suggested that the low PEG coverage of EVs might still favor EV surface protein interactions with target proteins from intratumor cells, ensuring their use as "Trojan horses" to deliver DOX to the tumor tissue. Moreover, our results showed a superior antitumor activity of PEG-EV-DOX in B16.F10 murine melanoma models in vivo compared to that exerted by clinically applied liposomal DOX in the same tumor model. The PEG-EV-DOX administration in vivo reduced NF-κB activation and increased BAX expression, suggesting better prognosis of EV-based therapy than liposomal DOX treatment. Collectively, our results highlight the promising potential of EVs as optimal tools for systemic delivery of DOX to solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Patras
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aura Elena Ionescu
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Munteanu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Structural Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Renata Hajdu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Kosa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Porfire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Molecular Biology Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentin Florian Rauca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Sesarman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lavinia Luput
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Bulzu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Paul Chiroi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rares Andrei Tranca
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marta-Szilvia Meszaros
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Giorgiana Negrea
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- "C.Craciun" Electron Microscopy Center, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Potara
- Nanobiophotonics Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences and Faculty of Physics, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Szedlacsek
- Department of Enzymology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Banciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Center of Systems Biology, Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Geology, "Babes-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Urciuoli E, Peruzzi B. Mutual Modulation Between Extracellular Vesicles and Mechanoenvironment in Bone Tumors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:789674. [PMID: 34950663 PMCID: PMC8688845 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone microenvironment homeostasis is guaranteed by the balanced and fine regulated bone matrix remodeling process. This equilibrium can be disrupted by cancer cells developed in the bone (primary bone cancers) or deriving from other tissues (bone metastatic lesions), through a mechanism by which they interfere with bone cells activities and alter the microenvironment both biochemically and mechanically. Among the factors secreted by cancer cells and by cancer-conditioned bone cells, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are described to exert pivotal roles in the establishment and the progression of bone cancers, by conveying tumorigenic signals targeting and transforming normal cells. Doing this, EVs are also responsible in modulating the production of proteins involved in regulating matrix stiffness and/or mechanotransduction process, thereby altering the bone mechanoenvironment. In turn, bone and cancer cells respond to deregulated matrix stiffness by modifying EV production and content, fueling the vicious cycle established in tumors. Here, we summarized the relationship between EVs and the mechanoenvironment during tumoral progression, with the final aim to provide some innovative perspectives in counteracting bone cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Barbara Peruzzi
- Multifactorial Disease and Complex Phenotype Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Oey O, Ghaffari M, Li JJ, Hosseini-Beheshti E. Application of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: Implications for clinical practice. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 167:103495. [PMID: 34655743 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are cell-derived lipid bilayer-delimited structures providing an important means of intercellular communication. Recent studies have shown that EV, particularly exosomes and large-oncosomes contain miRNA and proteins crucial in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, metastasis and treatment resistance. This includes not just EV released from PCa cells, but also from other cells in the tumor microenvironment. PCa patient derived EV have a unique composition compared to healthy and benign prostatic diseases. As such, EV show promise as diagnostic liquid biopsy biomarkers, both as an adjunct and alternative to the invasive current gold-standard. EV could also be utilized to stratify patients' risk and predict response to hormonal, chemo, immune- and targeted therapy, which will direct future treatment decisions in PCa. We present a summary of the current evidence on the role of EV in PCa and the application of EV in PCa diagnosis and treatment to optimize patient outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Oey
- School of Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Mazyar Ghaffari
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Elham Hosseini-Beheshti
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A New Approach for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis by miRNA Profiling of Prostate-Derived Plasma Small Extracellular Vesicles. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092372. [PMID: 34572021 PMCID: PMC8467918 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesicular miRNA has emerged as a promising marker for various types of cancer, including prostate cancer (PC). In the advanced stage of PC, the cancer-cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) may constitute a significant portion of circulating vesicles and may mediate a detectable change in the plasma vesicular miRNA profile. However, SEVs secreted by small tumor in the prostate gland constitute a tiny fraction of circulating vesicles and cause undetectable miRNA pattern changes. Thus, the isolation and miRNA profiling of a specific prostate-derived fraction of SEVs can improve the diagnostic potency of the methods based on vesicular miRNA analysis. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) was selected as a marker of prostate-derived SEVs. Super-paramagnetic beads (SPMBs) were functionalized by PSMA-binding DNA aptamer (PSMA-Apt) via a click reaction. The efficacy of SPMB-PSMA-Apt complex formation and PSMA(+)SEVs capture were assayed by flow cytometry. miRNA was isolated from the total population of SEVs and PSMA(+)SEVs of PC patients (n = 55) and healthy donors (n = 30). Four PC-related miRNAs (miR-145, miR-451a, miR-143, and miR-221) were assayed by RT-PCR. The click chemistry allowed fixing DNA aptamers onto the surface of SPMB with an efficacy of up to 89.9%. The developed method more effectively isolates PSMA(+)SEVs than relevant antibody-based technology. The analysis of PC-related miRNA in the fraction of PSMA(+)SEVs was more sensitive and revealed distinct diagnostic potency (AUC: miR-145, 0.76; miR-221, 0.7; miR-451a, 0.65; and miR-141, 0.64) than analysis of the total SEV population. Thus, isolation of prostate-specific SEVs followed by analysis of vesicular miRNA might be a promising PC diagnosis method.
Collapse
|
27
|
Exosomes and prostate cancer management. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 86:101-111. [PMID: 34384877 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (and other extracellular vesicles) are now part of the cancer research landscape, involved both as players in pathophysiological mechanisms, as biomarkers of the cancer process and as therapeutic tools. One step they have yet to take is to move into routine clinical practice and management of prostate cancer is an example of this necessary maturation. More than for many other cancers and because a possible alternative is active surveillance (neither removal nor destruction), the diagnosis of prostate cancer does not only involve the detection of cancerous cells but also the determination of its true aggressiveness. By measuring TRMPRSS2:ERG fusion and PCA3 transcripts in urine exosomes, the EPI assay seems able to help prostate biopsy decision. Results from clinical studies showed that it can reduce the proportion of unnecessary biopsies while missing only a minimal proportion of clinically significant cancers. In metastatic prostate cancer, after failure of a first step androgen deprivation therapy, when a choice has to be made between a second-generation androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor and taxane-based chemotherapy, detection of the AR splicing variant AR-V7 in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has appeared promising. Whether exosomes could be a better material (simpler to isolate from the bloodstream than CTCs?) to detect AR-V7 has been suggested by some studies and remains to be confirmed. At last, a couple of exploratory studies either targeted or used exosomes to treat prostate cancer, by respectively inhibiting their secretion (to prevent exosome-mediated transfer of biologically active oncogenic actors), or loading them with immunogenic cancer-specific proteins (to generate anticancer vaccine) or with pharmacologic agents. Overall efforts are however still needed to confirm these results and generalize exosome-based diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic strategies in prostate cancer management.
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao Z, Pang B, Li J, Gao N, Fan T, Li Y. Emerging Role of Exosomes in Liquid Biopsy for Monitoring Prostate Cancer Invasion and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:679527. [PMID: 34017837 PMCID: PMC8129505 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.679527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common solid tumor in men. While patients with local PCa have better prognostic survival, patients with metastatic PCa have relatively high mortality rates. Existing diagnostic methods for PCa rely on tissue biopsy and blood prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection; however, the PSA test does not detect aggressive PCa. Liquid biopsy is a promising technique to overcome tumor heterogeneity in diagnosis, provide more comprehensive information, and track tumor progression over time, allowing for the development of treatment options at all stages of PCa. Exosomes containing proteins and nucleic acids are potential sources of tumor biomarkers. Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes play important roles in cell communication and tumor progression and are suitable for monitoring PCa progression and metastasis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the use of exosomal proteins and miRNAs as biomarkers for monitoring PCa invasion and metastasis and discuss their feasibility in clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfan Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tianli Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Medicine, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Balázs K, Antal L, Sáfrány G, Lumniczky K. Blood-Derived Biomarkers of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Therapy Response in Prostate Cancer Patients. J Pers Med 2021; 11:296. [PMID: 33924671 PMCID: PMC8070149 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most frequent cancers in men worldwide. Despite the fact that multiple therapeutic alternatives are available for its treatment, it is often discovered in an advanced stage as a metastatic disease. Prostate cancer screening is based on physical examination of prostate size and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood as well as biopsy in suspect cases. However, these markers often fail to correctly identify the presence of cancer, or their positivity might lead to overdiagnosis and consequent overtreatment of an otherwise silent non-progressing disease. Moreover, these markers have very limited if any predictive value regarding therapy response or individual risk for therapy-related toxicities. Therefore, novel, optimally liquid biopsy-based (blood-derived) markers or marker panels are needed, which have better prognostic and predictive value than the ones currently used in the everyday routine. In this review the role of circulating tumour cells, extracellular vesicles and their microRNA content, as well as cellular and soluble immunological and inflammation- related blood markers for prostate cancer diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of therapy response is discussed. A special emphasis is placed on markers predicting response to radiotherapy and radiotherapy-related late side effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Katalin Lumniczky
- Unit of Radiation Medicine, Department of Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, National Public Health Centre, 1221 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.); (L.A.); (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Detection and Investigation of Extracellular Vesicles in Serum and Urine Supernatant of Prostate Cancer Patients. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11030466. [PMID: 33800141 PMCID: PMC7998238 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11030466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most frequently identified urological cancers. PCa patients are often over-diagnosed due to still not highly specific diagnostic methods. The need for more accurate diagnostic tools to prevent overestimated diagnosis and unnecessary treatment of patients with non-malignant conditions is clear, and new markers and methods are strongly desirable. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) hold great promises as liquid biopsy-based markers. Despite the biological and technical issues present in their detection and study, these particles can be found highly abundantly in the biofluid and encompass a wealth of macromolecules that have been reported to be related to many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer onset, metastasis spreading, and treatment resistance. The present study aims to perform a technical feasibility study to develop a new workflow for investigating EVs from several biological sources. Serum and urinary supernatant EVs of PCa, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients, and healthy donors were isolated and investigated by a fast, easily performable, and cost-effective cytofluorimetric approach for a multiplex detection of 37 EV-antigens. We also observed significant alterations in serum and urinary supernatant EVs potentially related to BPH and PCa, suggesting a potential clinical application of this workflow.
Collapse
|
31
|
Nicolini A, Ferrari P, Biava PM. Exosomes and Cell Communication: From Tumour-Derived Exosomes and Their Role in Tumour Progression to the Use of Exosomal Cargo for Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040822. [PMID: 33669294 PMCID: PMC7920050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Recently, within the research community, exosomes, transporters of bioactive molecules involved in many signalling pathways and cell-to-cell communication with the capacity to alter the tumour microenvironment, have been attracting increasing interest among oncologists. These molecules can play multiple roles, e.g., as useful biomarkers in diagnosis, modulators of the immune system, promoters of the formation of the pre-metastatic niches and cancer metastasis and carriers of substances or factors with anticancer properties. This review focuses on the use of exosomes as a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Particularly, it highlights the potential of exosomes as carriers of stem cell differentiation stage factors (SCDSFs) for “cell reprogramming” therapy, a promising research field on which we have reported previously. Here, the main characteristics of this treatment and the advantages that can be obtained using mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes up-loaded with the SCDSFs as carriers of these factors are also discussed. Abstract Exosomes are nano-vesicle-shaped particles secreted by various cells, including cancer cells. Recently, the interest in exosomes among cancer researchers has grown enormously for their many potential roles, and many studies have focused on the bioactive molecules that they export as exosomal cargo. These molecules can function as biomarkers in diagnosis or play a relevant role in modulating the immune system and in promoting apoptosis, cancer development and progression. Others, considering exosomes potentially helpful for cancer treatment, have started to investigate them in experimental therapeutic trials. In this review, first, the biogenesis of exosomes and their main characteristics was briefly described. Then, the capability of tumour-derived exosomes and oncosomes in tumour microenvironments (TMEs) remodelling and pre-metastatic niche formation, as well as their interference with the immune system during cancer development, was examined. Finally, the potential role of exosomes for cancer therapy was discussed. Particularly, in addition, their use as carriers of natural substances and drugs with anticancer properties or carriers of boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) and anticancer vaccines for immunotherapy, exosomes as biological reprogrammers of cancer cells have gained increased consensus. The principal aspects and the rationale of this intriguing therapeutic proposal are briefly considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Nicolini
- Department of Oncology, Transplantations and New Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Unit of Oncology 1, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Pier Mario Biava
- Scientific Institute of Research and Care Multimedica, 20099 Milan, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lind SE. Phosphatidylserine is an overlooked mediator of COVID-19 thromboinflammation. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06033. [PMID: 33495740 PMCID: PMC7817455 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A ubiquitous component of cell membrane, phosphatidylserine (PS), is likely to play a major, but as yet unrecognized, role in the thromboinflammation of COVID-19 and other critical illnesses. PS is present in all plasma membranes but is "hidden" on the inner surface by the action of an ATP-requiring enzyme. Failure of PS to be sequestered on the inner surface of cell membranes, release of PS-containing microparticles from cells, or shedding of enveloped viruses allows it to interact with extracellular proteins, including those of the coagulation and complement systems. Detection and quantification of circulating PS is not standardized, and current methodologies have either focused on circulating cellular elements or subcellular plasma components, but not both. PS may also promote thromboinflammation without circulating if expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, a condition that might only be documented if novel imaging techniques are developed. Research into the role of PS in inflammation and coagulation, called here a "procoagulant phospholipidopathy" may provide novel insights and therapeutic approaches for patients with a variety of illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart E Lind
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wei H, Chen Q, Lin L, Sha C, Li T, Liu Y, Yin X, Xu Y, Chen L, Gao W, Li Y, Zhu X. Regulation of exosome production and cargo sorting. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:163-177. [PMID: 33390841 PMCID: PMC7757038 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.53671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular communication can be mediated by the exchange of biological information, mainly in the form of proteins and RNAs. This can occur when extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, secreted by a donor cell are internalized by an acceptor cell. Exosomes bear specific repertoires of proteins and RNAs, indicating the existence of mechanisms that control the sorting of molecules into them. Knowledge about loadings and processes and mechanisms of cargo sorting of exosomes is essential to shed light on the physiological and pathological functions of these vesicles as well as on clinical applications involving their use and/or analysis. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with exosome secretion and their specific cargo sorting, with special attention to the sorting of RNAs and proteins, and thus the outcome and the emerging therapeutic opportunities of the communication between the exosome-producer and recipient cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjiang, Jiangsu, 210009, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Li Lin
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Chunli Sha
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Taoqiong Li
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Xinming Yin
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Wujiang Gao
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China.,Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212001, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fendt SM, Frezza C, Erez A. Targeting Metabolic Plasticity and Flexibility Dynamics for Cancer Therapy. Cancer Discov 2020; 10:1797-1807. [PMID: 33139243 PMCID: PMC7710573 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-20-0844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells continuously rewire their metabolism to fulfill their need for rapid growth and survival while subject to changes in environmental cues. Thus, a vital component of a cancer cell lies in its metabolic adaptability. The constant demand for metabolic alterations requires flexibility, that is, the ability to utilize different metabolic substrates; as well as plasticity, that is, the ability to process metabolic substrates in different ways. In this review, we discuss how dynamic changes in cancer metabolism affect tumor progression and the consequential implications for cancer therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: Recognizing cancer dynamic metabolic adaptability as an entity can lead to targeted therapy that is expected to decrease drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Maria Fendt
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Frezza
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ayelet Erez
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Furesi G, Rauner M, Hofbauer LC. Emerging Players in Prostate Cancer-Bone Niche Communication. Trends Cancer 2020; 7:112-121. [PMID: 33274720 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) frequently develop skeletal metastases that are associated with fractures, disability, and increased mortality. Within the bone metastatic niche, mutual interactions between tumor cells and osteoblasts have been proposed as major contributors of osteotropism by PCa. Here, we highlight the emerging role of PCa-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in reprogramming osteoblasts and support of premetastatic niche formation. We also develop the concept of cancer-associated osteoblasts (CAOs) and outline the potential of PCa cells to acquire an osteoblastic phenotype, termed osteomimicry, as two strategies that PCa utilizes to create a favorable protected niche. Finally, we delineate future research that may help to deconstruct the complexity of PCa osteotropism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Furesi
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martina Rauner
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenz C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III and Center for Healthy Aging, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Li Y, Li Q, Li D, Gu J, Qian D, Qin X, Chen Y. Exosome carrying PSGR promotes stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of low aggressive prostate cancer cells. Life Sci 2020; 264:118638. [PMID: 33164833 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor (PSGR) in prostate cancer (Pca) are associated with poor overall survival. However, the effect of exosomal PSGR on PCa metastasis remains unknown. MAIN METHODS The effect of exosome derived from PSGR-overexpressed PC3 cells (PC3 PSGR+ exosomes) on migration, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stemness of low invasive cells (LNCaP and RWPE-1) was assessed. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed (DE) mRNAs in low invasive cells incubated by PC3 PSGR+ exosomes or negative control (NC) exosomes. KEY FINDINGS The PSGR was stably overexpressed in PC3 cells. The PC3 PSGR+ exosomes were internalized in LNCaP and RWPE-1cells, and significantly promoted cells migration and invasion. The expression of E-cadherin was decreased, and Vimentin, Snail, SOX2 and OCT4a was increased in low invasive cells after PC3 PSGR+ exosome incubation. Additionally, a total of 993 and 1170 DE mRNAs were respectively identified in LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells after PC3 PSGR+ exosome incubation, and 5 upregulated mRNAs and 11 down regulated mRNAs were shared. The DE mRNAs were predominantly implicated in "activation of Rho GTPase activity" and "response to zinc ion" in LNCaP cells, and "extracellular matrix organization" and "patterning of blood vessels" in RWPE-1 cells. The KEGG analysis showed the DE mRNAs were enriched in pathways associated with EMT such as "Adherens junction", "Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)" and "Focal adhesion". SIGNIFICANCE Exosomal PSGR promoted migration, invasion, stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, and reshaped the mRNAs profiling of LNCaP and RWPE-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20081, China; Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Quan Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20081, China
| | - Dujian Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20081, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20081, China
| | - Duocheng Qian
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20081, China
| | - Xiaojing Qin
- Department of anesthesiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 20040, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Angiogenesis Inhibition in Prostate Cancer: An Update. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092382. [PMID: 32842503 PMCID: PMC7564110 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), like all other solid tumors, relies on angiogenesis for growth, progression, and the dissemination of tumor cells to other parts of the body. Despite data from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, as well as human specimen studies indicating the crucial role played by angiogenesis in PCa, angiogenesis inhibition in clinical settings has not shown significant benefits to patients, thus challenging the inclusion and usefulness of antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of PCa. However, one of the apparent reasons why these antiangiogenic agents failed to meet expectations in PCa can be due to the choice of the antiangiogenic agents, because the majority of these drugs target vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) and its receptors. The other relevant causes might be inappropriate drug combinations, the duration of treatment, and the method of endpoint determination. In this review, we will first discuss the role of angiogenesis in PCa growth and progression. We will then summarize the different angiogenic growth factors that influence PCa growth dynamics and review the outcomes of clinical trials conducted with antiangiogenic agents in PCa patients and, finally, critically assess the current status and fate of antiangiogenic therapy in this disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Exosomes-Mediated Transfer of Itga2 Promotes Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells by Inducing Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082300. [PMID: 32824235 PMCID: PMC7466113 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although integrin alpha 2 subunit (ITGA2) mediates cancer progression and metastasis, its transfer by exosomes has not been investigated in prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to determine the role of exosomal ITGA2 derived from castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) cells in promoting aggressive phenotypes in androgen receptor (AR)-positive cells. Exosomes were co-incubated with recipient cells and tested for different cellular assays. ITGA2 was enriched in exosomes derived from CRPC cells. Co-culture of AR-positive cells with CRPC-derived exosomes increased their proliferation, migration, and invasion by promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition, which was reversed via ITGA2 knockdown or inhibition of exosomal uptake by methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD). Ectopic expression of ITGA2 reproduced the effect of exosomal ITGA2 in PCa cells. ITGA2 transferred by exosomes exerted its effect within a shorter time compared to that triggered by its endogenous expression. The difference of ITGA2 protein expression in localized tumors and those with lymph node metastatic tissues was indistinguishable. Nevertheless, its abundance was higher in circulating exosomes collected from PCa patients when compared with normal subjects. Our findings indicate the possible role of the exosomal-ITGA2 transfer in altering the phenotype of AR-positive cells towards more aggressive phenotype. Thus, interfering with exosomal cargo transfer may inhibit the development of aggressive phenotype in PCa cells.
Collapse
|
39
|
Platelets Extracellular Vesicles as Regulators of Cancer Progression-An Updated Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155195. [PMID: 32707975 PMCID: PMC7432409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a diverse group of membrane-bound structures secreted in physiological and pathological conditions by prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Their role in cell-to-cell communications has been discussed for more than two decades. More attention is paid to assess the impact of EVs in cancer. Numerous papers showed EVs as tumorigenesis regulators, by transferring their cargo molecules (miRNA, DNA, protein, cytokines, receptors, etc.) among cancer cells and cells in the tumor microenvironment. During platelet activation or apoptosis, platelet extracellular vesicles (PEVs) are formed. PEVs present a highly heterogeneous EVs population and are the most abundant EVs group in the circulatory system. The reason for the PEVs heterogeneity are their maternal activators, which is reflected on PEVs size and cargo. As PLTs role in cancer development is well-known, and PEVs are the most numerous EVs in blood, their feasible impact on cancer growth is strongly discussed. PEVs crosstalk could promote proliferation, change tumor microenvironment, favor metastasis formation. In many cases these functions were linked to the transfer into recipient cells specific cargo molecules from PEVs. The article reviews the PEVs biogenesis, cargo molecules, and their impact on the cancer progression.
Collapse
|