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Du J, Zhang J, Liu D, Gao L, Liao H, Chu L, Lin J, Li W, Meng X, Zou F, Cai S, Zou M, Dong H. 1G6-D7 Inhibits Homologous Recombination Repair by Targeting Extracellular HSP90α to Promote Apoptosis in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38899512 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in treatment, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continues to have a high mortality rate. Currently, NSCLC pathogenesis requires further investigation, and therapeutic drugs are still under development. Homologous recombination repair (HRR) repairs severe DNA double-strand breaks. Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) occurs when HRR is impaired and causes irreparable double-strand DNA damage, leading to genomic instability and increasing the risk of cancer development. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors can effectively treat HRD-positive tumors. Extracellular heat shock protein 90α (eHSP90α) is highly expressed in hypoxic environments and inhibits apoptosis, thereby increasing cellular tolerance. Here, we investigated the relationship between eHSP90α and HRR in NSCLC. DNA damage models were established in NSCLC cell lines (A549 and H1299). The activation of DNA damage and HRR markers, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration were investigated. In vivo tumor models were established using BALB/c nude mice and A549 cells. We found that human recombinant HSP90α stimulation further activated HRR and reduced DNA damage extent; however, eHSP90α monoclonal antibody, 1G6-D7, effectively inhibited HRR. HRR inhibition and increased apoptosis were observed after LRP1 knockdown; this effect could not be reversed with hrHSP90α addition. The combined use of 1G6-D7 and olaparib caused significant apoptosis and HRR inhibition in vitro and demonstrated promising anti-tumor effects in vivo. Extracellular HSP90α may be involved in HRR in NSCLC through LRP1. The combined use of 1G6-D7 and PARP inhibitors may exert anti-tumor effects by inhibiting DNA repair and further inducing apoptosis of NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangzhou Du
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinming Zhang
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Gao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Liao
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lanhe Chu
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, The USC-Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck Medical Center, California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Zou
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxi Cai
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengchen Zou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hangming Dong
- Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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2
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Przywara K, Adamski R, Książczyk M, Suchodolski J, Cal M. 3-bromopyruvate induces morphological alteration and may initiate programmed cell death in Cryptococcus neoformans cells. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:153. [PMID: 38472387 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03894-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
3-Bromopyruvate (3BP), known for its potent anticancer properties, also exhibits remarkable efficacy against the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. So far it has been proven that the main fungicidal activity of 3BP is based on ATP depletion and a reduction of intracellular level of glutathione. The presented study includes a broad range of methods to further investigate the mechanistic effects of 3BP on C. neoformans cells. The use of flow cytometry allowed a thorough examination of their survival during 3BP treatment, while observations using electron microscopy made it possible to note the changes in cellular morphology. Utilizing ruthenium red, the study suggests a mitochondrial pathway may initiate programmed cell death in response to 3BP. Analysis of free radical generation and gene expression changes supports this hypothesis. These findings enhance comprehension of 3BP's mechanisms in fungal cells, paving the way for its potential application as a therapeutic agent against cryptococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Przywara
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Adamski
- Laboratory of Microscopic Techniques, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Książczyk
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Suchodolski
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Sheikh E, Agrawal K, Roy S, Burk D, Donnarumma F, Ko YH, Guttula PK, Biswal NC, Shukla HD, Gartia MR. Multimodal Imaging of Pancreatic Cancer Microenvironment in Response to an Antiglycolytic Drug. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2301815. [PMID: 37706285 PMCID: PMC10842640 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism and glycolysis play crucial roles in the progression and metastasis of cancer, and the use of 3-bromopyruvate (3-BP) as an antiglycolytic agent has shown promise in killing pancreatic cancer cells. However, developing an effective strategy to avoid chemoresistance requires the ability to probe the interaction of cancer drugs with complex tumor-associated microenvironments (TAMs). Unfortunately, no robust and multiplexed molecular imaging technology is currently available to analyze TAMs. In this study, the simultaneous profiling of three protein biomarkers using SERS nanotags and antibody-functionalized nanoparticles in a syngeneic mouse model of pancreatic cancer (PC) is demonstrated. This allows for comprehensive information about biomarkers and TAM alterations before and after treatment. These multimodal imaging techniques include surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), immunohistochemistry (IHC), polarized light microscopy, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy, fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and untargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The study reveals the efficacy of 3-BP in treating pancreatic cancer and identifies drug treatment-induced lipid species remodeling and associated pathways through bioinformatics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Sheikh
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kirti Agrawal
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Sanjit Roy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - David Burk
- Department of Cell Biology and Bioimaging, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Fabrizio Donnarumma
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Young H Ko
- NewG Lab Pharma, 701 East Pratt Street, Columbus Center, Baltimore, MD, 21202, USA
| | - Praveen Kumar Guttula
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nrusingh C Biswal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Hem D Shukla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Manas Ranjan Gartia
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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4
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Ahmed S, Mahony CB, Torres A, Murillo-Saich J, Kemble S, Cedeno M, John P, Bhatti A, Croft AP, Guma M. Dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis for synergistic therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2023; 25:176. [PMID: 37730663 PMCID: PMC10510293 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-023-03161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial fibroblasts in rheumatoid arthritis (RAFLS) exhibit a pathological aberration of glycolysis and glutaminolysis. Henceforth, we aimed to investigate if dual inhibition of these pathways by phytobiological compound c28MS has the potential of synergistic therapy for arthritis by targeting both glucose and glutamine metabolism. METHODS The presence of HK2 and GLS across various cell types and associated gene expression in human synovial cells and a murine model of arthritis was evaluated by scRNA-seq. The metabolic profiling of RAFLS cells was done using H1-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy under glycolytic and glutaminolytic inhibitory conditions by incubating with 3-bromopyruvate, CB839, or dual inhibitor c28MS. FLS functional analysis was conducted under similar conditions. ELISA was employed for the quantification of IL-6, CCL2, and MMP3. K/BxN sera was administered to mice to induce arthritis for in vivo arthritis experiments. RESULTS scRNA-seq analysis revealed that many fibroblasts expressed Hk2 along with Gls with several genes including Ptgs2, Hif1a, Timp1, Cxcl5, and Plod2 only associated with double-positive fibroblasts, suggesting that dual inhibition can be an attractive target for fibroblasts. Metabolomic and functional analysis revealed that c28MS decreased the aggressive behavior of RAFLS by targeting both upregulated glycolysis and glutaminolysis. c28MS administered in vivo significantly decreased the severity of arthritis in the K/BxN model. CONCLUSION Our findings imply that dual inhibition of glycolysis and glutaminolysis could be an effective approach for the treatment of RA. It also suggests that targeting more than one metabolic pathway can be a novel treatment approach in non-cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzay Ahmed
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher B Mahony
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alyssa Torres
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Murillo-Saich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samuel Kemble
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Martha Cedeno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peter John
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Monica Guma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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El-Kalyoubi S, El-Sebaey SA, Elfeky SM, AL-Ghulikah HA, El-Zoghbi MS. Novel Aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones, 2-Thiopyrimidine-4-ones, and 6-Arylpteridines as Dual-Target Inhibitors of BRD4/PLK1: Design, Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, and Computational Studies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1303. [PMID: 37765111 PMCID: PMC10535864 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural-based drug design and solvent-free synthesis were combined to obtain three novel series of 5-arylethylidene-aminopyrimidine-2,4-diones (4, 5a-c, 6a,b), 5-arylethylidene-amino-2-thiopyrimidine-4-ones (7,8), and 6-arylpteridines (9,10) as dual BRD4 and PLK1 inhibitors. MTT assays of synthesized compounds against breast (MDA-MB-231), colorectal (HT-29), and renal (U-937) cancer cells showed excellent-to-good cytotoxic activity, compared to Methotrexate; MDA-MB-231 were the most sensitive cancer cells. The most active compounds were tested against normal Vero cells. Compounds 4 and 7 significantly inhibited BRD4 and PLK1, with IC50 values of 0.029, 0.042 µM, and 0.094, 0.02 µM, respectively, which are nearly comparable to volasertib (IC50 = 0.017 and 0.025 µM). Compound 7 triggered apoptosis and halted cell growth at the G2/M phase, similarly to volasertib. It also upregulated the BAX and caspase-3 markers while downregulating the Bcl-2 gene. Finally, active compounds fitted the volasertib binding site at BRD4 and PLK1 and showed ideal drug-like properties and pharmacokinetics, making them promising anticancer candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar El-Kalyoubi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42511, Egypt
| | - Samiha A. El-Sebaey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Youssef Abbas Street, Cairo 11754, Egypt
| | - Sherin M. Elfeky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 355516, Egypt;
| | - Hanan A. AL-Ghulikah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mona S. El-Zoghbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Gamal Abd Al-Nasir Street, Shibin-Elkom 32511, Egypt;
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6
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3-Bromopyruvate inhibits pancreatic tumor growth by stalling glycolysis, and dismantling mitochondria in a syngeneic mouse model. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:4977-4987. [PMID: 36504891 PMCID: PMC9729896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth-most-deadly cancer in the United States with a 5-year survival rate of only 8%. The majority of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer undergo chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy (RT). However, current treatments are inadequate and novel strategies are desperately required. 3-Bromopyruvate (3-BP) is a promising anticancer drug against pancreatic cancer. It exerts potent anticancer effects by inhibiting hexokinase II enzyme (HK2) of the glycolytic pathway in cancer cells while not affecting the normal cells. 3-BP killed 95% of Panc-2 cells at 15 μM concentration and severely inhibited ATP production by disrupting the interaction between HK2 and mitochondrial Voltage Dependent Anion Channel-1 (VDAC1) protein. Electron microscopy data revealed that 3-BP severely damaged mitochondrial membrane in cancer cells. We further examined therapeutic effect of 3-BP in syngeneic mouse pancreatic cancer model by treating animals with 10, 15 and 20 mg/kg dose. 3-BP at 15 & 20 mg/kg dose level significantly reduced tumor growth by approximately 75-80% in C57BL/6 female mice. Immunohistochemistry data showed complete inhibition of hexokinase II (HK2) and TGFβ, in animals treated with 3-BP drug. We also observed enhanced expression of active caspase-3 in tumor tissues exhibited apoptotic death. Flow Cytometry analysis showed significant inhibition in MDSC (CD11b) population in treated tumor which may have allowed infiltration of CD8+ T cells and inhibited tumor growth. Notably, metabolomic data also revealed severe inhibition in glycolysis, NADP, ATP and lactic acid production in cancer cells treated with 40 μM 3-BP. Importantly, we also observed inhibition in lactic acid production responsible for tumor aggression. These results provide new evidence that 3-BP severely inhibit glucose metabolism in cancer cells by blocking hexokinase II, and disrupting mitochondria by suppressing BCL2L1 in pancreatic cancer.
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7
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Yu TT, Han N, Li LG, Peng XC, Li QR, Xu HZ, Wang XY, Yang ZY, Chen X, Wang MF, Li TF. Chlorin e6-Induced Photodynamic Effect Polarizes the Macrophage Into an M1 Phenotype Through Oxidative DNA Damage and Activation of STING. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837784. [PMID: 35308251 PMCID: PMC8927874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) serves as an immunosuppressive agent in the malignant tumor microenvironment, facilitating the development and metastasis of lung cancer. The photodynamic effect destabilizes cellular homeostasis owing to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in the enhanced pro-inflammatory function of immunocytes. In our previous study, the Ce6-mediated photodynamic effect was found to have kept the viability of macrophages and to remodel them into the M1 phenotype. However, the mechanism remains unrevealed. The present study now explores the mechanism of photodynamic therapy (PDT)-mediated reprogramming of macrophages. As expected, Ce6-mediated PDT was capable of generating reactive oxygen species, which was continuously degraded, causing "low intensity" damage to DNA and thereby triggering subsequent DNA damage response in macrophages. The autophagy was thus observed in Ce6-treated macrophages and was shown to protect cells from being photodynamically apoptotic. More importantly, Ce6 PDT could activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) molecule, a sensor of DNA damage, which could activate the downstream nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) upon activation, mediating the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype thereupon. In addition, inhibition of ROS induced by PDT attenuated the DNA damage, STING activation, and M1-phenotype reprogramming. Furthermore, the silence of the STING weakened Ce6 treatment-mediated M1 remodeling of macrophages as well. Altogether, these findings indicate the Ce6-induced photodynamic effect polarizes macrophages into an M1 phenotype through oxidative DNA damage and subsequent activation of the STING. This work reveals the crucial mechanism by which photodynamic therapy regulates the macrophage phenotype and also provides a novel intervenable signaling target for remodeling macrophages into the M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Respiratory, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Ning Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Respiratory, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Liu-Gen Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xing-Chun Peng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Qi-Rui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Hua-Zhen Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi-Yong Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Fang Wang
- Department of Respiratory, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Tong-Fei Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Department of Respiratory, Taihe Hospital of Shiyan, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
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8
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Sołek P, Mytych J, Łannik E, Majchrowicz L, Koszła O, Koziorowska A, Koziorowski M. Cancer on-target: Selective enhancement of 3-bromopyruvate action by an electromagnetic field in vitro. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:153-164. [PMID: 35063649 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the modern world. Nowadays, most often treatment methods used in clinical oncology are drug therapies applied as monotherapy or combined therapy. Additionally, recent studies focus on developing approaches with the use of a drug in combination with other factors, not only chemical, to improve the probability and magnitude of therapeutic responses and reduce the possibility of chemoresistance. Such a promising factor seems to be an electromagnetic field (EMF) application. Here, we tested the effect of continuous or pulsed EMF on human cancer cells of different origin treated or not with 3-bromopyruvate, a small and powerful alkylating agent with a broad spectrum of anticancer activities. We provide strong evidence suggesting that ELF-EMF potentiates the anti-cancer activity of 3BP in human cancer cells through inhibition of TNFα secretion leading to irreversible p21/p27-dependent G2/M cell cycle arrest and finally cancer cell death. Our findings suggest a novel approach combining pharmacotherapy with ELF-EMF. In conclusion, electromagnetic field seems to be a potential modulator of anti-cancer efficacy of 3BP while combined therapy offers off-target activity. These features contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Sołek
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland; Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Łannik
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Lena Majchrowicz
- BRAINCITY, Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oliwia Koszła
- Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances with Computer Modeling Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Koziorowska
- College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland
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9
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Scaramuzzino L, Lucchino V, Scalise S, Lo Conte M, Zannino C, Sacco A, Biamonte F, Parrotta EI, Costanzo FS, Cuda G. Uncovering the Metabolic and Stress Responses of Human Embryonic Stem Cells to FTH1 Gene Silencing. Cells 2021; 10:2431. [PMID: 34572080 PMCID: PMC8469604 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent cells with indefinite self-renewal ability and differentiation properties. To function properly and maintain genomic stability, ESCs need to be endowed with an efficient repair system as well as effective redox homeostasis. In this study, we investigated different aspects involved in ESCs' response to iron accumulation following stable knockdown of the ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) gene, which encodes for a major iron storage protein with ferroxidase activity. Experimental findings highlight unexpected and, to a certain extent, paradoxical results. If on one hand FTH1 silencing does not correlate with increased ROS production nor with changes in the redox status, strengthening the concept that hESCs are extremely resistant and, to a certain extent, even refractory to intracellular iron imbalance, on the other, the differentiation potential of hESCs seems to be affected and apoptosis is observed. Interestingly, we found that FTH1 silencing is accompanied by a significant activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway and pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), which crosstalk in driving hESCs antioxidant cascade events. These findings shed new light on how hESCs perform under oxidative stress, dissecting the molecular mechanisms through which Nrf2, in combination with PPP, counteracts oxidative injury triggered by FTH1 knockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Scaramuzzino
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Valeria Lucchino
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefania Scalise
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Michela Lo Conte
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Clara Zannino
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Alessandro Sacco
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
- Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Saverio Costanzo
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
- Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Research Centre for Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (L.S.); (V.L.); (S.S.); (M.L.C.); (C.Z.); (A.S.); (F.B.); (F.S.C.); (G.C.)
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10
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Niu B, Liao K, Zhou Y, Wen T, Quan G, Pan X, Wu C. Application of glutathione depletion in cancer therapy: Enhanced ROS-based therapy, ferroptosis, and chemotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121110. [PMID: 34482088 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 379] [Impact Index Per Article: 126.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important member of cellular antioxidative system. In cancer cells, a high level of GSH is indispensable to scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and detoxify xenobiotics, which make it a potential target for cancer therapy. Plenty of studies have shown that loss of intracellular GSH makes cancer cells more susceptible to oxidative stress and chemotherapeutic agents. GSH depletion has been proved to improve the therapeutic efficacy of ROS-based therapy (photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy, and chemodynamic therapy), ferroptosis, and chemotherapy. In this review, various strategies for GSH depletion used in cancer therapy are comprehensively summarized and discussed. First, the functions of GSH in cancer cells are analyzed to elucidate the necessity of GSH depletion in cancer therapy. Then, the synthesis and metabolism of GSH are briefly introduced to bring up some crucial targets for GSH modulation. Finally, different approaches to GSH depletion in the literature are classified and discussed in detail according to their mechanisms. Particularly, functional materials with GSH-consuming ability based on nanotechnology are elaborated due to their unique advantages and potentials. This review presents the ingenious application of GSH-depleting strategy in cancer therapy for improving the outcomes of various therapeutic regimens, which may provide useful guidance for designing intelligent drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyi Niu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaixin Liao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yixian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ting Wen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guilan Quan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xin Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Chuanbin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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11
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Gomes MT, Paes-Vieira L, Gomes-Vieira AL, Cosentino-Gomes D, da Silva APP, Giarola NLL, Da Silva D, Sola-Penna M, Galina A, Meyer-Fernandes JR. 3-Bromopyruvate: A new strategy for inhibition of glycolytic enzymes in Leishmania amazonensis. Exp Parasitol 2021; 229:108154. [PMID: 34481863 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The compound 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA) is well-known and studies from several researchers have demonstrated its involvement in tumorigenesis. It is an analogue of pyruvic acid that inhibits ATP synthesis by inhibiting enzymes from the glycolytic pathway and oxidative phosphorylation. In this work, we investigated the effect of 3-BrPA on energy metabolism of L. amazonensis. In order to verify the effect of 3-BrPA on L. amazonensis glycolysis, we measured the activity level of three glycolytic enzymes located at different points of the pathway: (i) glucose kinases, step 1, (ii) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), step 6, and (iii) enolase, step 9. 3-BrPA, in a dose-dependent manner, significantly reduced the activity levels of all the enzymes. In addition, 3-BrPA treatment led to a reduction in the levels of phosphofruto-1-kinase (PFK) protein, suggesting that the mode of action of 3-BrPA involves the downregulation of some glycolytic enzymes. Measurement of ATP levels in promastigotes of L. amazonensis showed a significant reduction in ATP generation. The O2 consumption was also significantly inhibited in promastigotes, confirming the energy depletion effect of 3-BrPA. When 3-BrPA was added to the cells at the beginning of growth cycle, it significantly inhibited L. amazonensis proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ability to infect macrophages was reduced by approximately 50% when promastigotes were treated with 3-BrPA. Taken together, these studies corroborate with previous reports which suggest 3-BrPA as a potential drug against pathogenic microorganisms that are reliant on glucose catabolism for ATP supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Teixeira Gomes
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lisvane Paes-Vieira
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Gomes-Vieira
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniela Cosentino-Gomes
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira da Silva
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil
| | - Naira Ligia Lima Giarola
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Da Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mauro Sola-Penna
- Laboratório de Enzimologia e Controle do Metabolismo, Departamento de Biotecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Antonio Galina
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética e Fisiologia Mitocondrial, Programa de Bioquímica e Biofísica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Medica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Meyer-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Celular, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Cal M, Matyjaszczyk I, Filik K, Ogórek R, Ko Y, Ułaszewski S. Mitochondrial Function Are Disturbed in the Presence of the Anticancer Drug, 3-Bromopyruvate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126640. [PMID: 34205737 PMCID: PMC8235118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3-bromopuryvate (3-BP) is a compound with unique antitumor activity. It has a selective action against tumor cells that exhibit the Warburg effect. It has been proven that the action of 3-BP is pleiotropic: it acts on proteins, glycolytic enzymes, reduces the amount of ATP, induces the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and induces nuclear DNA damage. Mitochondria are important organelles for the proper functioning of the cell. The production of cellular energy (ATP), the proper functioning of the respiratory chain, or participation in the production of amino acids are one of the many functions of mitochondria. Here, for the first time, we show on the yeast model that 3-BP acts in the eukaryotic cell also by influence on mitochondria and that agents inhibiting mitochondrial function can potentially be used in cancer therapy with 3-BP. We show that cells with functional mitochondria are more resistant to 3-BP than rho0 cells. Using an MTT assay (a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity), we demonstrated that 3-BP decreased mitochondrial activity in yeast in a dose-dependent manner. 3-BP induces mitochondrial-dependent ROS generation which results in ∆sod2, ∆por1, or ∆gpx1 mutant sensitivity to 3-BP. Probably due to ROS mtDNA lesions rise during 3-BP treatment. Our findings may have a significant impact on the therapy with 3-BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6269
| | - Irwin Matyjaszczyk
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
| | - Karolina Filik
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
| | - Young Ko
- KoDiscovery, LLC, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Stanisław Ułaszewski
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
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Gou Y, Li F, Huo X, Hao C, Yang X, Pei Y, Li N, Liu H, Zhu B. ENO1 monoclonal antibody inhibits invasion, proliferation and clone formation of cervical cancer cells. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:1946-1961. [PMID: 34094663 PMCID: PMC8167678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α-enolase (ENO1), highly expressing in cell membranes, cytoplasm and nuclei of cervical cancer and other tumors, acts as a plasminogen receptor and a glycolytic enzyme. ENO1 is found to be associated with tumorigenesis, invasion and migration, and proves to be an ideal target of tumor therapy. In this study, ENO1 monoclonal antibodies (ENO1mAb) was prepared to blockade ENO1 and the therapeutic role was observed in cervical cancer cells. First, ENO1mAb was prepared and screened by evaluating the inhibitory effect on migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells, which is supposed to block ENO1 expressed on cell membrane. Second, folic acid (FA) conjugated PLGA nanoparticles (FA-SS-PLGA) targeting tumor cells were prepared to mediate ENO1mAb entry into cells and its anti-tumor effects were investigated in vitro. We found that PLGA/FA-SS-PLGA nanoparticles-mediated ENO1mAb could antagonize the activity of ENO1 enzyme, significantly decreased the contents of lactic acid and pyruvate, and inhibited the proliferation, migration and clone formation of cervical cancer cells compared with the sham control (P < 0.05). In summary, ENO1mAb could specifically block ENO1 expressed on cell membrane and inhibit ENO1 glycolysis enzyme activity inside tumor cells, and plays a therapeutic role against cervical cancer cells. It suggests that ENO1mAb has promising anti-tumor effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fei Li
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaqin Huo
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunyan Hao
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yaping Pei
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huiling Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhou 730000, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineLanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bingdong Zhu
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000, China
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Saikosaponin A-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes Attenuate Severe Acute Pancreatitis through the Activation of Keap1/Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9217219. [PMID: 33204401 PMCID: PMC7652616 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9217219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a serious and life-threatening disease associated with multiple organ failure and a high mortality rate and is accompanied by distinct oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Saikosaponin A has strong antioxidant properties and can affect the composition of gut microbiota. We sought to determine the effects of Saikosaponin A interventions on SAP by investigating the changes of gut microbiota and related antioxidant signaling. Methods A SAP model was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through the injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct and confirmed by elevated levels of serum lipase and amylase. The model was fed a standard diet either with saline solution or with Saikosaponin A. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Saikosaponin A-induced rats into the rat model was performed to test the effects of gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We measured apoptotic status, inflammatory biomarkers, and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE ((Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element) antioxidant signaling. Results Saikosaponin A intervention attenuated SAP lesions and reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses by reducing pathological scores and affecting the serum level of oxidative and inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, the expression of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE was increased. Saikosaponin A intervention improved microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella species. FMT resulted in similar results as those caused by the Saikosaponin A intervention, suggesting Saikosaponin A may exert its function via the improvement of gut microbiota composition. Conclusions Saikosaponin A-induced gut microbiota changes attenuate SAP progression in the rat model and may be a potential natural drug for adjuvant treatment of SAP. Further work is needed to clear up the points.
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Krzyżek P, Paluch E, Gościniak G. Synergistic Therapies as a Promising Option for the Treatment of Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9100658. [PMID: 33007899 PMCID: PMC7599531 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium responsible for the development of gastric diseases. The issue of spreading antibiotic resistance of H. pylori and its limited therapeutic options is an important topic in modern gastroenterology. This phenomenon is greatly associated with a very narrow range of antibiotics used in standard therapies and, as a consequence, an alarmingly high detection of multidrug-resistant H. pylori strains. For this reason, scientists are increasingly focused on the search for new substances that will not only exhibit antibacterial effect against H. pylori, but also potentiate the activity of antibiotics. The aim of the current review is to present scientific reports showing newly discovered or repurposed compounds with an ability to enhance the antimicrobial activity of classically used antibiotics against H. pylori. To gain a broader context in their future application in therapies of H. pylori infections, their antimicrobial properties, such as minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations, dose- and time-dependent mode of action, and, if characterized, anti-biofilm and/or in vivo activity are further described. The authors of this review hope that this article will encourage the scientific community to expand research on the important issue of synergistic therapies in the context of combating H. pylori infections.
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