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Wang L, Zhou H, Zheng W, Wang H, Wang Z, Dong X, Du Q. Clinical value of serum complement component 1q levels in the prognostic analysis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a prospective cohort study. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1341731. [PMID: 38356892 PMCID: PMC10864439 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1341731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the relationship between serum complement component 1q (C1q) levels and functional prognosis in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and to reveal its clinical value. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we collected clinical data of aSAH patients admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January 2020 to October 2022. Parameters such as serum C1q levels, Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months were included for evaluation. Patients were grouped based on the occurrence of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Spearman rank correlation test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test were used to analyze the correlation between serum C1q levels, disease severity, and prognosis. Potential risk factors affecting prognosis and the occurrence of DCI were screened through Independent sample t-test or Mann-Whitney U test. Variables with significant differences (p < 0.05) were incorporated into a logistic regression model to identify independent risk factors affecting prognosis and DCI occurrence. Serum C1q levels were plotted as a ROC curve for predicting prognosis and DCI, and the area under the curve was calculated. Results A total of 107 aSAH patients were analyzed. Serum C1q levels positively correlated with Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade and mRS (all p < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in C1q levels among different Hunt-Hess grade, mFisher grade and mRS (all p < 0.001). Notably, higher serum C1q levels were seen in the poor prognosis group and DCI group, and correlated with worse prognosis (OR = 36.927, 95%CI 2.003-680.711, p = 0.015), and an increased risk for DCI (OR = 17.334, 95%CI 1.161-258.859, p = 0.039). ROC analysis revealed the significant discriminative power of serum C1q levels for poor prognosis (AUC 0.781; 95%CI 0.673-0.888; p < 0.001) and DCI occurrence (AUC 0.763; 95%CI 0.637-0.888; p < 0.001). Higher C1q levels independently predicted a poor prognosis and DCI with equivalent predictive abilities to Hunt-Hess grade and modified Fisher grade (both p < 0.05). Conclusion High levels of C1q in the blood is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis and the development of DCI in patients with aSAH. This can more objectively and accurately predict functional outcomes and the incidence of DCI. C1q may have a significant role in the mechanism behind DCI after aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haotian Zhou
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
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Foliaki ST, Wood A, Williams K, Smith A, Walters RO, Baune C, Groveman BR, Haigh CL. Temporary alteration of neuronal network communication is a protective response to redox imbalance that requires GPI-anchored prion protein. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102733. [PMID: 37172395 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) protects neurons against oxidative stress damage. This role is lost upon its misfolding into insoluble prions in prion diseases, and correlated with cytoskeletal breakdown and neurophysiological deficits. Here we used mouse neuronal models to assess how PrPC protects the neuronal cytoskeleton, and its role in network communication, from oxidative stress damage. Oxidative stress was induced extrinsically by potassium superoxide (KO2) or intrinsically by Mito-Paraquat (MtPQ), targeting the mitochondria. In mouse neural lineage cells, KO2 was damaging to the cytoskeleton, with cells lacking PrPC (PrP-/-) damaged more than wild-type (WT) cells. In hippocampal slices, KO2 acutely inhibited neuronal communication in WT controls without damaging the cytoskeleton. This inhibition was not observed in PrP-/- slices. Neuronal communication and the cytoskeleton of PrP-/- slices became progressively disrupted and degenerated post-recovery, whereas the dysfunction in WT slices recovered in 5 days. This suggests that the acute inhibition of neuronal activity in WT slices in response to KO2 was a neuroprotective role of PrPC, which PrP-/- slices lacked. Heterozygous expression of PrPC was sufficient for this neuroprotection. Further, hippocampal slices from mice expressing PrPC without its GPI anchor (PrPGPI-/-) displayed acute inhibition of neuronal activity by KO2. However, they failed to restore normal activity and cytoskeletal formation post-recovery. This suggests that PrPC facilitates the depressive response to KO2 and its GPI anchoring is required to restore KO2-induced damages. Immuno spin-trapping showed increased radicals formed on the filamentous actin of PrP-/- and PrPGPI-/- slices, but not WT and PrP+/- slices, post-recovery suggesting ongoing dysregulation of redox balance in the slices lacking GPI-anchored PrPC. The MtPQ treatment of hippocampal slices temporarily inhibited neuronal communication independent of PrPC expression. Overall, GPI-anchored PrPC alters synapses and neurotransmission to protect and repair the neuronal cytoskeleton, and neuronal communication, from extrinsically induced oxidative stress damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simote T Foliaki
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
| | - Aleksandar Wood
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Katie Williams
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Anna Smith
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Ryan O Walters
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Chase Baune
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Bradley R Groveman
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA
| | - Cathryn L Haigh
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, 59840, USA.
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Wu X, Liu M, Yan T, Wang Z, Yu W, Du Q, Hu W, Zheng Y, Zhang Z, Wang K, Dong X. Plasma PRPC Levels Correlate With Severity and Prognosis of Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Front Neurol 2022; 13:913926. [PMID: 35899267 PMCID: PMC9309369 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.913926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundCellular prion protein (PRPC) exerts brain-protective effects. We determined the relationship between plasma PRPC levels and disease severity plus clinical outcome after acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).MethodsA total of 138 ICH patients and 138 healthy controls were included in this prospective, observational study. Hematoma volume and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score were used to assess disease severity. Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores of 1–3 and 4–5 at 90 days after stroke were defined as a poor outcome and good outcome, respectively. Using multivariate analysis, we discerned the relation of plasma PRPC levels to disease severity and poor outcome. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was built to evaluate the prognostic predictive capability.ResultsPlasma PRPC levels in ICH patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (median, 4.20 vs. 2.02 ng/ml; P < 0.001), and were independently correlated with GCS score (r = −0.645, P < 0.001) and hematoma volume (r = 0.627, P < 0.001). Plasma PRPC levels were highly correlated with GOS score (r = −0.762, P < 0.001), and were substantially higher in patients with poor outcomes than in those with the good outcomes. Using maximum Youden index, plasma PRPC levels >3.893 ng/ml distinguished the risk of poor outcome at 90 days, with a sensitivity of 86.4% and a specificity of 65.8% (area under the curve, 0.809; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.737–0.881, P < 0.001). Plasma PRPC levels >3.893 ng/ml were independently associated with a poor 90-day outcome with an odds ratio of 12.278 (95% CI, 5.101–29.554).ConclusionElevated plasma PRPC levels are significantly associated with disease severity and poor 90-day outcome in ICH patients, indicating that plasma PRPC may be used as a potential prognostic biomarker after ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Yan
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zefan Wang
- The Fourth School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quan Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongke Zheng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuyong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xixi Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Keyi Wang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Keyi Wang
| | - Xiaoqiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Xiaoqiao Dong
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Mohammadi B, Song F, Matamoros-Angles A, Shafiq M, Damme M, Puig B, Glatzel M, Altmeppen HC. Anchorless risk or released benefit? An updated view on the ADAM10-mediated shedding of the prion protein. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 392:215-234. [PMID: 35084572 PMCID: PMC10113312 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) is a broadly expressed glycoprotein linked with a multitude of (suggested) biological and pathological implications. Some of these roles seem to be due to constitutively generated proteolytic fragments of the protein. Among them is a soluble PrP form, which is released from the surface of neurons and other cell types by action of the metalloprotease ADAM10 in a process termed 'shedding'. The latter aspect is the focus of this review, which aims to provide a comprehensive overview on (i) the relevance of proteolytic processing in regulating cellular PrP functions, (ii) currently described involvement of shed PrP in neurodegenerative diseases (including prion diseases and Alzheimer's disease), (iii) shed PrP's expected roles in intercellular communication in many more (patho)physiological conditions (such as stroke, cancer or immune responses), (iv) and the need for improved research tools in respective (future) studies. Deeper mechanistic insight into roles played by PrP shedding and its resulting fragment may pave the way for improved diagnostics and future therapeutic approaches in diseases of the brain and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Mohammadi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Working Group for Interdisciplinary Neurobiology and Immunology (INI Research), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Feizhi Song
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreu Matamoros-Angles
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mohsin Shafiq
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Berta Puig
- Department of Neurology, Experimental Research in Stroke and Inflammation (ERSI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Glatzel
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Kovač V, Čurin Šerbec V. Prion Protein: The Molecule of Many Forms and Faces. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031232. [PMID: 35163156 PMCID: PMC8835406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein most abundantly found in the outer membrane of neurons. Due to structural characteristics (a flexible tail and structured core), PrPC interacts with a wide range of partners. Although PrPC has been proposed to be involved in many physiological functions, only peripheral nerve myelination homeostasis has been confirmed as a bona fide function thus far. PrPC misfolding causes prion diseases and PrPC has been shown to mediate β-rich oligomer-induced neurotoxicity in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease as well as neuroprotection in ischemia. Upon proteolytic cleavage, PrPC is transformed into released and attached forms of PrP that can, depending on the contained structural characteristics of PrPC, display protective or toxic properties. In this review, we will outline prion protein and prion protein fragment properties as well as overview their involvement with interacting partners and signal pathways in myelination, neuroprotection and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Kawahara M, Tanaka KI, Kato-Negishi M. Copper as a Collaborative Partner of Zinc-Induced Neurotoxicity in the Pathogenesis of Vascular Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147242. [PMID: 34298862 PMCID: PMC8305384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper is an essential trace element and possesses critical roles in various brain functions. A considerable amount of copper accumulates in the synapse and is secreted in neuronal firings in a manner similar to zinc. Synaptic copper and zinc modulate neuronal transmission and contribute to information processing. It has been established that excess zinc secreted during transient global ischemia plays central roles in ischemia-induced neuronal death and the pathogenesis of vascular dementia. We found that a low concentration of copper exacerbates zinc-induced neurotoxicity, and we have demonstrated the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway, the stress-activated protein kinases/c-Jun amino-terminal kinases (SAPK/JNK) signaling pathway, and copper-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. On the basis of our results and other studies, we discuss the collaborative roles of copper in zinc-induced neurotoxicity in the synapse and the contribution of copper to the pathogenesis of vascular dementia.
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