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Wu Y, Zhu X, Jiang W, Li J, Li H, Zhang K, Yang Y, Qu S, Guan X, Bai Y, Guo H, Dai L. LMNA-related muscular dystrophy involving myoblast proliferation and apoptosis through the FOXO1/GADD45A pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166943. [PMID: 37951507 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
LMNA-related muscular dystrophy is a major disease phenotype causing mortality and morbidity in laminopathies, but its pathogenesis is still unclear. To explore the molecular pathogenesis, a knock-in mouse harbouring the Lmna-W520R mutation was modelled. Morphological and motor functional analyses showed that homozygous mutant mice revealed severe muscular atrophy, profound motor dysfunction, and shortened lifespan, while heterozygotes showed a variant arrangement of muscle bundles and mildly reduced motor capacity. Mechanistically, the FOXO1/GADD45A pathway involving muscle atrophy processes was found to be altered in vitro and in vivo assays. The expression levels of FOXO1 and its downstream regulatory molecule GADD45A significantly increased in atrophic muscle tissue. The elevated expression of FOXO1 was associated with decreased H3K27me3 in its gene promotor region. Overexpression of GADD45A induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of myoblasts in vitro, and it could be partially restored by the FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856, which also slowed the muscle atrophy process with improved motor function and prolonged survival time of homozygous mutant mice in vivo. Notably, the inhibitor also partly rescued the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest of hiPSC-derived myoblasts harbouring the LMNA-W520R mutation. Together, these data suggest that the activation of the FOXO1/GADD45A pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of LMNA-related muscle atrophy, and it might serve as a potential therapeutic target for laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xintong Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Song Qu
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xingying Guan
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Limeng Dai
- Department of Medical Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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2
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Cenni V, Evangelisti C, Santi S, Sabatelli P, Neri S, Cavallo M, Lattanzi G, Mattioli E. Desmin and Plectin Recruitment to the Nucleus and Nuclei Orientation Are Lost in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy Myoblasts Subjected to Mechanical Stimulation. Cells 2024; 13:162. [PMID: 38247853 PMCID: PMC10814836 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In muscle cells subjected to mechanical stimulation, LINC complex and cytoskeletal proteins are basic to preserve cellular architecture and maintain nuclei orientation and positioning. In this context, the role of lamin A/C remains mostly elusive. This study demonstrates that in human myoblasts subjected to mechanical stretching, lamin A/C recruits desmin and plectin to the nuclear periphery, allowing a proper spatial orientation of the nuclei. Interestingly, in Emery-Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2) myoblasts exposed to mechanical stretching, the recruitment of desmin and plectin to the nucleus and nuclear orientation were impaired, suggesting that a functional lamin A/C is crucial for the response to mechanical strain. While describing a new mechanism of action headed by lamin A/C, these findings show a structural alteration that could be involved in the onset of the muscle defects observed in muscular laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittoria Cenni
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biochemical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Spartaco Santi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Sabatelli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Neri
- Medicine and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marco Cavallo
- Shoulder-Elbow Surgery Unit, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (V.C.); (S.S.); (P.S.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Xu J, Li C, Kang X. The epigenetic regulatory effect of histone acetylation and deacetylation on skeletal muscle metabolism-a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267456. [PMID: 38148899 PMCID: PMC10749939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles, the largest organ responsible for energy metabolism in most mammals, play a vital role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Epigenetic modification, specifically histone acetylation, serves as a crucial regulatory mechanism influencing the physiological processes and metabolic patterns within skeletal muscle metabolism. The intricate process of histone acetylation modification involves coordinated control of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase levels, dynamically modulating histone acetylation levels, and precisely regulating the expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle metabolism. Consequently, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the epigenetic regulatory impact of histone acetylation modification on skeletal muscle metabolism, providing invaluable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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4
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Schena E, Mattioli E, Peres C, Zanotti L, Morselli P, Iozzo P, Guzzardi MA, Bernardini C, Forni M, Nesci S, Caprio M, Cecchetti C, Pagotto U, Gabusi E, Cattini L, Lisignoli G, Blalock W, Gambineri A, Lattanzi G. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism Prevents Type 2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Brown Adipocyte Dysfunction. Cells 2023; 12:2586. [PMID: 37998321 PMCID: PMC10670260 DOI: 10.3390/cells12222586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type-2 Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD2), a rare lipodystrophy caused by LMNA mutations, is characterized by a loss of subcutaneous fat from the trunk and limbs and excess accumulation of adipose tissue in the neck and face. Several studies have reported that the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an essential role in adipose tissue differentiation and functionality. We previously showed that brown preadipocytes isolated from a FPLD2 patient's neck aberrantly differentiate towards the white lineage. As this condition may be related to MR activation, we suspected altered MR dynamics in FPLD2. Despite cytoplasmic MR localization in control brown adipocytes, retention of MR was observed in FPLD2 brown adipocyte nuclei. Moreover, overexpression of wild-type or mutated prelamin A caused GFP-MR recruitment to the nuclear envelope in HEK293 cells, while drug-induced prelamin A co-localized with endogenous MR in human preadipocytes. Based on in silico analysis and in situ protein ligation assays, we could suggest an interaction between prelamin A and MR, which appears to be inhibited by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism. Importantly, the MR antagonist spironolactone redirected FPLD2 preadipocyte differentiation towards the brown lineage, avoiding the formation of enlarged and dysmorphic lipid droplets. Finally, beneficial effects on brown adipose tissue activity were observed in an FPLD2 patient undergoing spironolactone treatment. These findings identify MR as a new lamin A interactor and a new player in lamin A-linked lipodystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Schena
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mattioli
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Peres
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Zanotti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Paolo Morselli
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Specialised, Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.I.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Maria Angela Guzzardi
- CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (P.I.); (M.A.G.)
| | - Chiara Bernardini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Monica Forni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Nesci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano Emilia, Italy; (C.B.); (S.N.)
| | - Massimiliano Caprio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00163 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Carolina Cecchetti
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Elena Gabusi
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Luca Cattini
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.G.); (L.C.); (G.L.)
| | - William Blalock
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gambineri
- Unit of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes Prevention and Care, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (L.Z.); (C.C.); (U.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- Unit of Bologna, CNR—National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, 40136 Bologna, Italy; (E.S.); (E.M.); (C.P.); (W.B.)
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
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5
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Balaji AK, Saha S, Deshpande S, Poola D, Sengupta K. Nuclear envelope, chromatin organizers, histones, and DNA: The many achilles heels exploited across cancers. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1068347. [PMID: 36589746 PMCID: PMC9800887 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1068347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genome is organized in the form of chromatin composed of DNA and histones that organize and regulate gene expression. The dysregulation of chromatin remodeling, including the aberrant incorporation of histone variants and their consequent post-translational modifications, is prevalent across cancers. Additionally, nuclear envelope proteins are often deregulated in cancers, which impacts the 3D organization of the genome. Altered nuclear morphology, genome organization, and gene expression are defining features of cancers. With advances in single-cell sequencing, imaging technologies, and high-end data mining approaches, we are now at the forefront of designing appropriate small molecules to selectively inhibit the growth and proliferation of cancer cells in a genome- and epigenome-specific manner. Here, we review recent advances and the emerging significance of aberrations in nuclear envelope proteins, histone variants, and oncohistones in deregulating chromatin organization and gene expression in oncogenesis.
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6
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Zhu A, Liu N, Shang Y, Zhen Y, An Y. Signaling pathways of adipose stem cell-derived exosomes promoting muscle regeneration. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:2525-2534. [PMID: 36583914 PMCID: PMC9945488 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Severe muscle injury is still a challenging clinical problem. Exosomes derived from adipose stem cells (ASC-exos) may be a potential therapeutic tool, but their mechanism is not completely clear. This review aims to elaborate the possible mechanism of ASC-exos in muscle regeneration from the perspective of signal pathways and provide guidance for further study. Literature cited in this review was acquired through PubMed using keywords or medical subject headings, including adipose stem cells, exosomes, muscle regeneration, myogenic differentiation, myogenesis, wingless/integrated (Wnt), mitogen-activated protein kinases, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription, and their combinations. We obtained the related signal pathways from proteomics analysis of ASC-exos in the literature, and identified that ASC-exos make different contributions to multiple stages of skeletal muscle regeneration by those signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoxuan Zhu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yujia Shang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Yonghuan Zhen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang An
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
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Mustafin RN, Khusnutdinova EK. The relationship of lamins with epigenetic factors during aging. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:40-49. [PMID: 35342861 PMCID: PMC8892175 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The key factor of genome instability during aging is transposon dysregulation. This may be due to senile changes in the expression of lamins, which epigenetically modulate transposons. Lamins directly physically interact with transposons. Epigenetic regulators such as SIRT7, BAF, and microRNA can also serve as intermediaries for their interactions. There is also an inverse regulation, since transposons are sources of miRNAs that affect lamins. We suggest that lamins can be attributed to epigenetic factors, since they are part of the NURD, interact with histone deacetylases and regulate gene expression without changing the nucleotide sequences. The role of lamins in the etiopathogenesis of premature aging syndromes may be associated with interactions with transposons. In various human cells, LINE1 is present in the heterochromatin domains of the genome associated with lamins, while SIRT7 facilitates the interaction of this retroelement with lamins. Both retroelements and the nuclear lamina play an important role in the antiviral response of organisms. This may be due to the role of lamins in protection from both viruses and transposons, since viruses and transposons are evolutionarily related. Transposable elements and lamins are secondary messengers of environmental stressors that can serve as triggers for aging and carcinogenesis. Transposons play a role in the development of cancer, while the microRNAs derived from them, participating in the etiopathogenesis of tumors, are important in human aging. Lamins have similar properties, since lamins are dysregulated in cancer, and microRNAs affecting them are involved in carcinogenesis. Changes in the expression of specif ic microRNAs were also revealed
in laminopathies. Identif ication of the epigenetic mechanisms of interaction of lamins with transposons during
aging
can become the basis for the development of methods of life extension and targeted therapy of age-associated
cancer
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E. K. Khusnutdinova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
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8
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Murray-Nerger LA, Cristea IM. Lamin post-translational modifications: emerging toggles of nuclear organization and function. Trends Biochem Sci 2021; 46:832-847. [PMID: 34148760 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear lamins are ancient type V intermediate filaments with diverse functions that include maintaining nuclear shape, mechanosignaling, tethering and stabilizing chromatin, regulating gene expression, and contributing to cell cycle progression. Despite these numerous roles, an outstanding question has been how lamins are regulated. Accumulating work indicates that a range of lamin post-translational modifications (PTMs) control their functions both in homeostatic cells and in disease states such as progeria, muscular dystrophy, and viral infection. Here, we review the current knowledge of the diverse types of PTMs that regulate lamins in a site-specific manner. We highlight methods that can be used to characterize lamin PTMs whose functions are currently unknown and provide a perspective on the future of the lamin PTM field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Murray-Nerger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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9
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Chen YJC, Dent SYR. Conservation and diversity of the eukaryotic SAGA coactivator complex across kingdoms. Epigenetics Chromatin 2021; 14:26. [PMID: 34112237 PMCID: PMC8194025 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-021-00402-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The SAGA complex is an evolutionarily conserved transcriptional coactivator that regulates gene expression through its histone acetyltransferase and deubiquitylase activities, recognition of specific histone modifications, and interactions with transcription factors. Multiple lines of evidence indicate the existence of distinct variants of SAGA among organisms as well as within a species, permitting diverse functions to dynamically regulate cellular pathways. Our co-expression analysis of genes encoding human SAGA components showed enrichment in reproductive organs, brain tissues and the skeletal muscle, which corresponds to their established roles in developmental programs, emerging roles in neurodegenerative diseases, and understudied functions in specific cell types. SAGA subunits modulate growth, development and response to various stresses from yeast to plants and metazoans. In metazoans, SAGA further participates in the regulation of differentiation and maturation of both innate and adaptive immune cells, and is associated with initiation and progression of diseases including a broad range of cancers. The evolutionary conservation of SAGA highlights its indispensable role in eukaryotic life, thus deciphering the mechanisms of action of SAGA is key to understanding fundamental biological processes throughout evolution. To illuminate the diversity and conservation of this essential complex, here we discuss variations in composition, essentiality and co-expression of component genes, and its prominent functions across Fungi, Plantae and Animalia kingdoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jiun C Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sharon Y R Dent
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA.
- The Center for Cancer Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Skeletal and Cardiac Muscle Disorders Caused by Mutations in Genes Encoding Intermediate Filament Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084256. [PMID: 33923914 PMCID: PMC8073371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filaments are major components of the cytoskeleton. Desmin and synemin, cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins and A-type lamins, nuclear intermediate filament proteins, play key roles in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Desmin, encoded by the DES gene (OMIM *125660) and A-type lamins by the LMNA gene (OMIM *150330), have been involved in striated muscle disorders. Diseases include desmin-related myopathy and cardiomyopathy (desminopathy), which can be manifested with dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic, arrhythmogenic, or even left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy, Emery–Dreifuss Muscular Dystrophy (EDMD2 and EDMD3, due to LMNA mutations), LMNA-related congenital Muscular Dystrophy (L-CMD) and LMNA-linked dilated cardiomyopathy with conduction system defects (CMD1A). Recently, mutations in synemin (SYNM gene, OMIM *606087) have been linked to cardiomyopathy. This review will summarize clinical and molecular aspects of desmin-, lamin- and synemin-related striated muscle disorders with focus on LMNA and DES-associated clinical entities and will suggest pathogenetic hypotheses based on the interplay of desmin and lamin A/C. In healthy muscle, such interplay is responsible for the involvement of this network in mechanosignaling, nuclear positioning and mitochondrial homeostasis, while in disease it is disturbed, leading to myocyte death and activation of inflammation and the associated secretome alterations.
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11
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Hoskins VE, Smith K, Reddy KL. The shifting shape of genomes: dynamics of heterochromatin interactions at the nuclear lamina. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2021; 67:163-173. [PMID: 33774266 PMCID: PMC8489734 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The nucleus is a highly structured organelle with many chromatin and protein compartments that partition the genome into regulatory domains. One such a compartment within the mammalian nucleus is the microenvironment underlying the nuclear envelope (NE) where intermediate filament proteins, lamins, act as a link between cytoskeletal and inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins, chromatin binders and modifiers, and heterochromatin. These dynamic interactions regulate many cellular processes and, when they are perturbed, can lead to genome dysregulation and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E Hoskins
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Kristiana Smith
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Karen L Reddy
- Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Center for Epigenetics, Department of Biological Chemistry, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Institute, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States; Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States.
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