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Martinikova AS, Stoyanov M, Oravetzova A, Kok YP, Yu S, Dobrovolna J, Janscak P, van Vugt M, Macurek L. PPM1D activity promotes the replication stress caused by cyclin E1 overexpression. Mol Oncol 2024; 18:6-20. [PMID: 37067201 PMCID: PMC10766204 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogene-induced replication stress has been recognized as a major cause of genome instability in cancer cells. Increased expression of cyclin E1 caused by amplification of the CCNE1 gene is a common cause of replication stress in various cancers. Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) is a negative regulator of p53 and has been implicated in termination of the cell cycle checkpoint. Amplification of the PPM1D gene or frameshift mutations in its final exon promote tumorigenesis. Here, we show that PPM1D activity further increases the replication stress caused by overexpression of cyclin E1. In particular, we demonstrate that cells expressing a truncated mutant of PPM1D progress faster from G1 to S phase and fail to complete licensing of the replication origins. In addition, we show that transcription-replication collisions and replication fork slowing caused by CCNE1 overexpression are exaggerated in cells expressing the truncated PPM1D. Finally, replication speed and accumulation of focal DNA copy number alterations caused by induction of CCNE1 expression was rescued by pharmacological inhibition of PPM1D. We propose that increased activity of PPM1D suppresses the checkpoint function of p53 and thus promotes genome instability in cells expressing the CCNE1 oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andra S. Martinikova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Miroslav Stoyanov
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Anna Oravetzova
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Yannick P. Kok
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Shibo Yu
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jana Dobrovolna
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Janscak
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Institute of Molecular Cancer ResearchUniversity of ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marcel van Vugt
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Libor Macurek
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular GeneticsCzech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
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Burocziova M, Danek P, Oravetzova A, Chalupova Z, Alberich-Jorda M, Macurek L. Ppm1d truncating mutations promote the development of genotoxic stress-induced AML. Leukemia 2023; 37:2209-2220. [PMID: 37709843 PMCID: PMC10624630 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02030-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ensure blood cell production during the life-time of an organism, and to do so they need to balance self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and migration in a steady state as well as in response to stress or injury. Importantly, aberrant proliferation of HSCs leads to hematological malignancies, and thus, tight regulation by various tumor suppressor pathways, including p53, is essential. Protein phosphatase magnesium-dependent 1 delta (PPM1D) is a negative regulator of p53 and promotes cell survival upon induction of genotoxic stress. Truncating mutations in the last exon of PPM1D lead to the production of a stable, enzymatically active protein and are commonly associated with clonal hematopoiesis. Using a transgenic mouse model, we demonstrate that truncated PPM1D reduces self-renewal of HSCs in basal conditions but promotes the development of aggressive AML after exposure to ionizing radiation. Inhibition of PPM1D suppressed the colony growth of leukemic stem and progenitor cells carrying the truncated PPM1D, and remarkably, it provided protection against irradiation-induced cell growth. Altogether, we demonstrate that truncated PPM1D affects HSC maintenance, disrupts normal hematopoiesis, and that its inhibition could be beneficial in the context of therapy-induced AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Burocziova
- Department Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Danek
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Oravetzova
- Department Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Chalupova
- Department Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, Praha, 150 06, Czech Republic.
| | - Libor Macurek
- Department Cancer Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Zhang L, Hsu JI, Goodell MA. PPM1D in Solid and Hematologic Malignancies: Friend and Foe? Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1365-1378. [PMID: 35657598 PMCID: PMC9437564 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-1018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In the face of constant genomic insults, the DNA damage response (DDR) is initiated to preserve genome integrity; its disruption is a classic hallmark of cancer. Protein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1D (PPM1D) is a central negative regulator of the DDR that is mutated or amplified in many solid cancers. PPM1D overexpression is associated with increased proliferative and metastatic behavior in multiple solid tumor types and patients with PPM1D-mutated malignancies have poorer prognoses. Recent findings have sparked an interest in the role of PPM1D in hematologic malignancies. Acquired somatic mutations may provide hematopoietic stem cells with a competitive advantage, leading to a substantial proportion of mutant progeny in the peripheral blood, an age-associated phenomenon termed "clonal hematopoiesis" (CH). Recent large-scale genomic studies have identified PPM1D to be among the most frequently mutated genes found in individuals with CH. While PPM1D mutations are particularly enriched in patients with therapy-related myeloid neoplasms, their role in driving leukemic transformation remains uncertain. Here, we examine the mechanisms through which PPM1D overexpression or mutation may drive malignancy by suppression of DNA repair, cell-cycle arrest, and apoptosis. We also discuss the divergent roles of PPM1D in the oncogenesis of solid versus hematologic cancers with a view to clinical implications and new therapeutic avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Zhang
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Joanne I. Hsu
- Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Margaret A. Goodell
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding Author: Margaret A. Goodell, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail:
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Kumar RD, Burns BA, Vandeventer PJ, Luna PN, Shaw CA. Selection for or against escape from nonsense mediated decay is a novel signature for the detection of cancer genes. Cancer Genet 2021; 258-259:80-84. [PMID: 34592632 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Escape from nonsense mediated mRNA decay (NMD-) can produce activated or inactivated gene products, and bias in rates of escape can identify functionally important genes in germline disease. We hypothesized that the same would be true of cancer genes, and tested for NMD- bias within The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer somatic mutation dataset. We identify 29 genes that show significantly elevated or suppressed rates of NMD-. This novel approach to cancer gene discovery reveals genes not previously cataloged as potentially tumorigenic, and identifies many potential driver mutations in known cancer genes for functional characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runjun D Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Briana A Burns
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Paul J Vandeventer
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Pamela N Luna
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Chad A Shaw
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, MS225, Houston, TX 77030, United States; Baylor Genetics, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Statistics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.
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