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Solana-Balaguer J, Garcia-Segura P, Campoy-Campos G, Chicote-González A, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Pérez-Navarro E, Masana M, Alberch J, Malagelada C. Motor skill learning modulates striatal extracellular vesicles' content in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:321. [PMID: 38863004 PMCID: PMC11167907 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurological disorder caused by a CAG expansion in the Huntingtin gene (HTT). HD pathology mostly affects striatal medium-sized spiny neurons and results in an altered cortico-striatal function. Recent studies report that motor skill learning, and cortico-striatal stimulation attenuate the neuropathology in HD, resulting in an amelioration of some motor and cognitive functions. During physical training, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are released in many tissues, including the brain, as a potential means for inter-tissue communication. To investigate how motor skill learning, involving acute physical training, modulates EVs crosstalk between cells in the striatum, we trained wild-type (WT) and R6/1 mice, the latter with motor and cognitive deficits, on the accelerating rotarod test, and we isolated their striatal EVs. EVs from R6/1 mice presented alterations in the small exosome population when compared to WT. Proteomic analyses revealed that striatal R6/1 EVs recapitulated signaling and energy deficiencies present in HD. Motor skill learning in R6/1 mice restored the amount of EVs and their protein content in comparison to naïve R6/1 mice. Furthermore, motor skill learning modulated crucial pathways in metabolism and neurodegeneration. All these data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of HD and put striatal EVs in the spotlight to understand the signaling and metabolic alterations in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, our results suggest that motor learning is a crucial modulator of cell-to-cell communication in the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Solana-Balaguer
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pol Garcia-Segura
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Genís Campoy-Campos
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Chicote-González
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Unit, Departamento de Salud, UPNA, Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, IdiSNA, Spain
| | - Esther Pérez-Navarro
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Malagelada
- Departament de Biomedicina, Institut de Neurociències, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona, Casanova 143, North Wing, 3rd Floor, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
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Wang W, Ren Y, Xu F, Zhang X, Wang F, Wang T, Zhong H, Wang X, Yao Y. Identification of hub genes significantly linked to temporal lobe epilepsy and apoptosis via bioinformatics analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1300348. [PMID: 38384278 PMCID: PMC10879302 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1300348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Epilepsy stands as an intricate disorder of the central nervous system, subject to the influence of diverse risk factors and a significant genetic predisposition. Within the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), the apoptosis of neurons and glial cells in the brain assumes pivotal importance. The identification of differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs) emerges as a critical imperative, providing essential guidance for informed treatment decisions. Methods We obtained datasets related to epilepsy, specifically GSE168375 and GSE186334. Utilizing differential expression analysis, we identified a set of 249 genes exhibiting significant variations. Subsequently, through an intersection with apoptosis-related genes, we pinpointed 16 genes designated as differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs). These DEARGs underwent a comprehensive array of analyses, including enrichment analyses, biomarker selection, disease classification modeling, immune infiltration analysis, prediction of miRNA and transcription factors, and molecular docking analysis. Results In the epilepsy datasets examined, we successfully identified 16 differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs). Subsequent validation in the external dataset GSE140393 revealed the diagnostic potential of five biomarkers (CD38, FAIM2, IL1B, PAWR, S100A8) with remarkable accuracy, exhibiting an impressive area under curve (AUC) (The overall AUC of the model constructed by the five key genes was 0.916, and the validation set was 0.722). Furthermore, a statistically significant variance (p < 0.05) was observed in T cell CD4 naive and eosinophil cells across different diagnostic groups. Exploring interaction networks uncovered intricate connections, including gene-miRNA interactions (164 interactions involving 148 miRNAs), gene-transcription factor (TF) interactions (22 interactions with 20 TFs), and gene-drug small molecule interactions (15 interactions involving 15 drugs). Notably, IL1B and S100A8 demonstrated interactions with specific drugs. Conclusion In the realm of TLE, we have successfully pinpointed noteworthy differentially expressed apoptosis-related genes (DEARGs), including CD38, FAIM2, IL1B, PAWR, and S100A8. A comprehensive understanding of the implications associated with these identified genes not only opens avenues for advancing our comprehension of the underlying pathophysiology but also bears considerable potential in guiding the development of innovative diagnostic methodologies and therapeutic interventions for the effective management of epilepsy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiliang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yinghao Ren
- Department of Dermatology, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobin Zhang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Fengpeng Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Huijuan Zhong
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Epilepsy Center, Xiamen Humanity Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Dastamooz S, Yam JC, Tham CCY, Wong SHS, Farahani MHD, Xueting K, Sit CHP. The effects of physical activity on pediatric eyes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med 2024; 179:107845. [PMID: 38185223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Examining the retina represents a non-invasive method to evaluate abnormalities pertaining to the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Evidence indicates that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention to enhance the nervous and cardiovascular systems. However, little is unknown about its effects on ocular characteristics in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of physical activity interventions on ocular characteristics in children and adolescents. METHOD The electronic bases Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and ERIC were searched from inception to May 2023. Incorporated were randomized controlled trials or quasi-experimental designs that had implemented acute or chronic physical activity interventions among children and adolescents to evaluate various eye-related attributes via clinical examinations or surveys. Two authors independently performed the data extraction and risk of bias assessment, utilizing the Physiotherapy Evidence Database checklist. RESULTS A total of 474 articles were identified, of which eight articles underwent a systematic review, and six were chosen for meta-analysis. Chronic physical activity interventions positively impacted central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) with a small to moderate effect (SMD = 0.21; 95% CI 0.04 to 0.39, p = 0.034, I2 = 0%) and central retinal venular equivalent (CRVE) with a small effect (SMD = 0.098; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.11; p = 0.008, I2 = 0%). Intraocular pressure, kinetic visual acuity, and eye strain also improved significantly after physical activity interventions. DISCUSSION Participating in chronic physical activity programs appear to impact children and adolescents' eye-related attributes positively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Dastamooz
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Jason C Yam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Clement C Y Tham
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephen H S Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Mohammad H D Farahani
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ku Xueting
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy H P Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China.
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Anderson VR, Kakuske K, Thompson C, Ivanova MV. Pilot study of a high-intensity interval training program in older adults: Safety, feasibility, functional fitness and cognitive effects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.09.23299774. [PMID: 38260605 PMCID: PMC10802633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.23299774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can boost physical and cognitive health in older adults. However, there are a lack of accessible exercise programs that foster adherence among older adults. In this study, we aimed to establish the safety and feasibility of APEX, a new exercise program designed to optimize fitness and cognitive gains for older adults, in addition to evaluating its acute physiological effects, and assessing its possible effects on functional fitness and cognition among healthy older adults. APEX utilizes a multimodal progressive high-intensity interval training (HIIT) design, with high-intensity intervals focused on enhancing cardiovascular fitness and muscle strength, and recovery intervals that incorporate balance and mobility exercises. The APEX training was tested in healthy older adults (n=4) over the course of four weeks. Ultimately, APEX was found to be safe and feasible, with no adverse events and high adherence. Participants met heart rate targets for all of the high-intensity exercises, and all intervals had a significant difference in heart rates between high-intensity and recovery periods in linear effects models (p<0.001). Improvements in functional fitness were observed in aerobic endurance, lower body strength, and balance. The intervention was also associated with positive trends in the cognitive domains of information processing, working memory, executive control, and attention. APEX offers a promising alternative to traditional cardiovascular exercise modalities for older adults with additional benefits for functional fitness and cognition. These results encourage further testing of the APEX program in older adults and different clinical populations.
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Wang YY, Cheng J, Liu YD, Wang YP, Yang QW, Zhou N. Exosome-based regenerative rehabilitation: A novel ice breaker for neurological disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 169:115920. [PMID: 37995565 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affect a large population, often leading to different levels of disability and resulting in decreased quality of life. Due to the limited recovery obtained from surgical procedures and other medical approaches, a large number of patients with prolonged dysfunction receive neurorehabilitation protocols to improve their neural plasticity and regeneration. However, the poor neural regeneration ability cannot effectively rebuild the tissue integrity and neural functional networks; consequently, the prognoses of neurorehabilitation remain undetermined. To increase the chances of neural regeneration and functional recovery for patients with neurological disorders, regenerative rehabilitation was introduced with combined regenerative medicine and neurorehabilitation protocols to repair neural tissue damage and create an optimized biophysical microenvironment for neural regeneration potential. With the deepening of exosome research, an increasing number of studies have found that the systemic therapeutic effects of neurorehabilitation approaches are mediated by exosomes released by physically stimulated cells, which provides new insight into rehabilitative mechanisms. Meanwhile, exosome therapy also serves as an alternative cell-free therapy of regenerative medicine that is applied in partnership with neurorehabilitation approaches and formulates exosome-based neurological regenerative rehabilitation. In this study, we review the current state of exosome-associated neurorehabilitation. On the one hand, we focus on presenting the varied mediating effects of exosomes in neurorehabilitation protocols of specific neurological pathologies; on the other hand, we discuss the diverse combinations of exosome therapies and neurorehabilitation approaches in the field of neurological regenerative rehabilitation, aiming to increase the awareness of exosome research and applications in the rehabilitation of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yi Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jin Cheng
- Department of Sport Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ya-Dong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi-Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Qi-Wei Yang
- Medical Research Center, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China.
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Darragh IAJ, McNamee N, Daly R, Pacheco SM, O'Driscoll L, Egan B. The separation and identification of circulating small extracellular vesicles from endurance-trained, strength-trained and recreationally active men. J Physiol 2023; 601:5075-5091. [PMID: 37725436 DOI: 10.1113/jp285170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-encapsulated particles that carry bioactive cargoes, are released by all cell types and are present in all human biofluids. Changes in EV profiles and abundance occur in response to acute exercise, but this study investigated whether individuals with divergent histories of exercise training (recreationally active controls - CON; endurance-trained - END; strength-trained - STR) presented with varied abundances of small EVs in resting samples and whether the abundance of small EVs differed within each group across two measurement days. Participants (n = 38, all male; CON n = 12, END n = 13, STR n = 13) arrived at the lab on two separate occasions in a rested, overnight fasted state, with standardisation of time of day of sampling, recent dietary intake, time since last meal and time since last exercise training session (∼40 h). Whole blood samples were collected and separated into plasma from which small EVs were separated using size exclusion chromatography and identified in accordance with the Minimal Information For Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines. No differences in the abundance of small EVs were observed within or between groups across multiple methods of small EV identification (nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry, immunoblot of specific EV markers). Targeted metabolomics of the small EV preparations identified 96 metabolites that were associated with the structure and function of small EVs, with no statistically significant differences in concentrations observed across groups. The results of the current study suggest that the abundance and metabolomic profile of small EVs derived from men with divergent histories of exercise training are similar to those in resting blood samples. KEY POINTS: Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-encapsulated particles that are present in circulation and carry bioactive materials as 'cargo'. The abundance and profile of small EVs are responsive to acute exercise, but little is known about the relationship between small EVs and exercise training. This study examined the abundance, and a targeted metabolomic profile, of small EVs separated from the blood of endurance athletes, strength athletes and recreationally active controls at rest (∼40 h after the most recent exercise session) on two separate but identical lab visits. No differences were observed in the abundance or metabolomic profile of small EV preparations between the groups or between the lab visits within each group. Further research should determine whether the bioactive cargoes (e.g. RNA, protein and additional metabolites) carried within EVs are altered in individuals with divergent histories of exercise training or in response to exercise training interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A J Darragh
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh McNamee
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Róisín Daly
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarai Martinez Pacheco
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lorraine O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan Egan
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
- Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, Florida, USA
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Wences Chirino T, Rangel López E, Luna Angulo A, Carrillo Mora P, Landa Solis C, Samudio Cruz MA, Fuentes Bello AC, Paniagua Pérez R, Ríos Martínez J, Sánchez Chapul L. Crosstalk between Exercise-Derived Endocannabinoidome and Kynurenines: Potential Target Therapies for Obesity and Depression Symptoms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1421. [PMID: 37895892 PMCID: PMC10609722 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway (KP) and the endocannabinoid system (ECS) are known to be deregulated in depression and obesity; however, it has been recognized that acute physical exercise has an important modulating role inducing changes in the mobilization of their respective metabolites-endocannabinoids (eCBs) and kynurenines (KYNs)-which overlap at some points, acting as important antidepressant, anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant biomarkers. Therefore, the aim of this review is to analyze and discuss some recently performed studies to investigate the potential interactions between both systems, particularly those related to exercise-derived endocannabinoidome and kynurenine mechanisms, and to elucidate how prescription of physical exercise could represent a new approach for the clinical management of these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Wences Chirino
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Edgar Rangel López
- Cell Reprogramming Laboratory, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Mexico City 14269, Mexico;
| | - Alexandra Luna Angulo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Paul Carrillo Mora
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (P.C.M.); (M.A.S.C.)
| | - Carlos Landa Solis
- Tissue Engineering, Cell Therapy, and Regenerative Medicine Unit, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - María Alejandra Samudio Cruz
- Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (P.C.M.); (M.A.S.C.)
| | - Alim C. Fuentes Bello
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
| | - Rogelio Paniagua Pérez
- Biochemistry Laboratory, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico;
| | - Juan Ríos Martínez
- Health Sciences Research Institute, Mexican Navy, Mexico City 04470, Mexico;
| | - Laura Sánchez Chapul
- Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Neurosciences Division, National Institute of Rehabilitation “Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”, Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (T.W.C.); (A.L.A.); (A.C.F.B.)
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Khoury R, Nagy C. Running from stress: a perspective on the potential benefits of exercise-induced small extracellular vesicles for individuals with major depressive disorder. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1154872. [PMID: 37398548 PMCID: PMC10309045 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1154872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise promotes beneficial effects in the brain including increased synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis and regulates neuroinflammation and stress response via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Exercise can have therapeutic effects for numerous brain-related pathologies, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Beneficial effects of aerobic exercise are thought to be mediated through the release of "exerkines" including metabolites, proteins, nucleic acids, and hormones that communicate between the brain and periphery. While the specific mechanisms underlying the positive effects of aerobic exercise on MDD have not been fully elucidated, the evidence suggests that exercise may exert a direct or indirect influence on the brain via small extracellular vesicles which have been shown to transport signaling molecules including "exerkines" between cells and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). sEVs are released by most cell types, found in numerous biofluids, and capable of crossing the BBB. sEVs have been associated with numerous brain-related functions including neuronal stress response, cell-cell communication, as well as those affected by exercise like synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In addition to known exerkines, they are loaded with other modulatory cargo such as microRNA (miRNA), an epigenetic regulator that regulates gene expression levels. How exercise-induced sEVs mediate exercise dependent improvements in MDD is unknown. Here, we perform a thorough survey of the current literature to elucidate the potential role of sEVs in the context of neurobiological changes seen with exercise and depression by summarizing studies on exercise and MDD, exercise and sEVs, and finally, sEVs as they relate to MDD. Moreover, we describe the links between peripheral sEV levels and their potential for infiltration into the brain. While literature suggests that aerobic exercise is protective against the development of mood disorders, there remains a scarcity of data on the therapeutic effects of exercise. Recent studies have shown that aerobic exercise does not appear to influence sEV size, but rather influence their concentration and cargo. These molecules have been independently implicated in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. Taken together, these studies suggest that concentration of sEVs are increased post exercise, and they may contain specifically packaged protective cargo representing a novel therapeutic for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reine Khoury
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
| | - Corina Nagy
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Alehossein P, Taheri M, Tayefeh Ghahremani P, Dakhlallah D, Brown CM, Ishrat T, Nasoohi S. Transplantation of Exercise-Induced Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Therapeutic Approach in Ischemic Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:211-237. [PMID: 35596116 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence affirms physical exercise is effective in preventive and rehabilitation approaches for ischemic stroke. This sustainable efficacy is independent of cardiovascular risk factors and associates substantial reprogramming in circulating extracellular vesicles (EVs). The intricate journey of pluripotent exercise-induced EVs from parental cells to the whole-body and infiltration to cerebrovascular entity offers several mechanisms to reduce stroke incidence and injury or accelerate the subsequent recovery. This review delineates the potential roles of EVs as prospective effectors of exercise. The candidate miRNA and peptide cargo of exercise-induced EVs with both atheroprotective and neuroprotective characteristics are discussed, along with their presumed targets and pathway interactions. The existing literature provides solid ground to hypothesize that the rich vesicles link exercise to stroke prevention and rehabilitation. However, there are several open questions about the exercise stressors which may optimally regulate EVs kinetic and boost brain mitochondrial adaptations. This review represents a novel perspective on achieving brain fitness against stroke through transplantation of multi-potential EVs generated by multi-parental cells, which is exceptionally reachable in an exercising body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parsa Alehossein
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pargol Tayefeh Ghahremani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran
| | - Duaa Dakhlallah
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University of Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Candice M Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, and Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sanaz Nasoohi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Daneshjoo Blvd., Chamran Hwy., PO: 19615-1178, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Chu-Tan JA, Cioanca AV, Wooff Y, Kirkby M, Ellis M, Gulati P, Karl T, Boatright JH, Bales K, Nickerson J, Natoli R. Voluntary exercise modulates pathways associated with amelioration of retinal degenerative diseases. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1116898. [PMID: 36969592 PMCID: PMC10036398 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1116898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise has been shown to promote a healthier and longer life and linked to a reduced risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases including retinal degenerations. However, the molecular pathways underpinning exercise-induced cellular protection are not well understood. In this work we aim to profile the molecular changes underlying exercise-induced retinal protection and investigate how exercise-induced inflammatory pathway modulation may slow the progression of retinal degenerations.Methods: Female C57Bl/6J mice at 6 weeks old were given free access to open voluntary running wheels for a period of 28 days and then subjected to 5 days of photo-oxidative damage (PD)-induced retinal degeneration. Following, retinal function (electroretinography; ERG), morphology (optical coherence tomography; OCT) and measures of cell death (TUNEL) and inflammation (IBA1) were analysed and compared to sedentary controls. To decipher global gene expression changes as a result of voluntary exercise, RNA sequencing and pathway and modular gene co-expression analyses were performed on retinal lysates of exercised and sedentary mice that were subjected to PD, as well as healthy dim-reared controls.Results: Following 5 days of PD, exercised mice had significantly preserved retinal function, integrity and reduced levels of retinal cell death and inflammation, compared to sedentary controls. In response to voluntary exercise, inflammatory and extracellular matrix integrity pathways were significantly modulated, with the gene expression profile of exercised mice more closely trending towards that of a healthy dim-reared retina.Conclusion: We suggest that voluntary exercise may mediate retinal protection by influencing key pathways involved in regulating retinal health and shifting the transcriptomic profile to a healthy phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A. Chu-Tan
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Adrian V. Cioanca
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Yvette Wooff
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Marissa Ellis
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Pranay Gulati
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Tim Karl
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Katie Bales
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - John Nickerson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Riccardo Natoli,
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11
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Thapliyal S, Singh J, Mamgain M, Kumar A, Bisht M, Singh A, Meena K, Kishore S, Handu S. Efficacy of Ferulic Acid in an Animal Model of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: Beneficial or Not? Cureus 2022; 14:e30892. [DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Laube W. Physische Aktivität: genetische Gewebekommunikation Basis präventiver Wirkungen. MANUELLE MEDIZIN 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00337-022-00889-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Zhu M, Wu J, Gao JQ. Exosomes for diabetes syndrome: ongoing applications and perspective. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2154-2171. [DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00161f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, ranking the ninth death cause in the world, is a kind of metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia. Without timely and effective treatment, many ensuing complications involved with heart,...
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14
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Chen Y, Sun Y, Luo Z, Lin J, Qi B, Kang X, Ying C, Guo C, Yao M, Chen X, Wang Y, Wang Q, Chen J, Chen S. Potential Mechanism Underlying Exercise Upregulated Circulating Blood Exosome miR-215-5p to Prevent Necroptosis of Neuronal Cells and a Model for Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:860364. [PMID: 35615585 PMCID: PMC9126031 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.860364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise is crucial for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD), although the exact underlying mechanism remains unclear. The construction of an accurate AD risk prediction model is beneficial as it can provide a theoretical basis for preventive exercise prescription. In recent years, necroptosis has been confirmed as an important manifestation of AD, and exercise is known to inhibit necroptosis of neuronal cells. In this study, we extracted 67 necroptosis-related genes and 32 necroptosis-related lncRNAs and screened for key predictive AD risk genes through a random forest analysis. Based on the neural network Prediction model, we constructed a new logistic regression-based AD risk prediction model in order to provide a visual basis for the formulation of exercise prescription. The prediction model had an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.979, indicative of strong predictive power and a robust clinical application prospect. In the exercise group, the expression of exosomal miR-215-5p was found to be upregulated; miR-215-5p could potentially inhibit the expressions of IDH1, BCL2L11, and SIRT1. The single-cell SCENIC assay was used to identify key transcriptional regulators in skeletal muscle. Among them, CEBPB and GATA6 were identified as putative transcriptional regulators of miR-215. After "skeletal muscle removal of load," the expressions of CEBPB and GATA6 increased substantially, which in turn led to the elevation of miR-215 expression, thereby suggesting a putative mechanism for negative feedback regulation of exosomal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueran Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenting Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengxuan Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics of Hebei Province, Orthopaedic Research Institution of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Tai’an, China
- *Correspondence: Qian Wang,
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Jiwu Chen,
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shiyi Chen,
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15
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Monti P, Solazzo G, Ferrari L, Bollati V. Extracellular Vesicles: Footprints of environmental exposures in the aging process? Curr Environ Health Rep 2021; 8:309-322. [PMID: 34743313 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized lipid particles that participate in intercellular signaling through the trafficking of bioactive molecules from parental cells to recipient ones. This well-orchestrated communication system is crucial for the organism to respond to external cues in a coordinated manner; indeed, environmental and lifestyle exposures can modify both EV number and content, with consequences on cellular metabolism and homeostasis. In particular, a growing body of evidence suggests that exposome-induced changes in EV profile could regulate the aging process, both at the cellular and organismal levels. Here, we provide an overview of the role played by ambient-induced EVs on aging and age-related diseases. Among the several environmental factors that can affect the communication network operated by EVs, we focused on air pollution, ultraviolet light, diet, and physical exercise. Moreover, we performed a miRNA target analysis, to support the role of EV-miRNA emerging from the literature in the context of aging. RECENT FINDINGS The overall emerging picture strongly supports a key regulatory role for EVs at the interface between external stimuli and cellular/organismal aging, thus providing novel insights into the molecular mechanisms linking a "healthy exposome" to well-being in old age. In addition, this knowledge will pave the way for research aimed at developing innovative antiaging strategies based on EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Monti
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Solazzo
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Ferrari
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Bollati
- EPIGET Lab, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Milan, Italy. .,Occupational Health Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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16
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Chu-Tan JA, Kirkby M, Natoli R. Running to save sight: The effects of exercise on retinal health and function. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 50:74-90. [PMID: 34741489 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of exercise to human health have long been recognised. However, only in the past decade have researchers started to discover the molecular benefits that exercise confers, especially to the central nervous system (CNS). These discoveries include the magnitude of molecular messages that are communicated from skeletal muscle to the CNS. Despite these advances in understanding, very limited studies have been conducted to decipher the molecular benefits of exercise in retinal health and disease. Here, we review the latest work on the effects of exercise on the retina and discuss its effects on the wider CNS, with a focus on demonstrating the potential applicability and comparative molecular mechanisms that may be occurring in the retina. This review covers the key molecular pathways where exercise exerts its effects: oxidative stress and mitochondrial health; inflammation; protein aggregation; neuronal health; and tissue crosstalk via extracellular vesicles. Further research on the benefits of exercise to the retina and its molecular messages within extracellular vesicles is highly topical in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Chu-Tan
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
| | - Riccardo Natoli
- The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia.,The Australian National University Medical School, The Australian National University, Acton, Australia
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17
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Litovchenko AV, Zabrodskaya YM, Sitovskaya DA, Khuzhakhmetova LK, Nezdorovina VG, Bazhanova ED. Markers of Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in the Temporal Lobe of Patients with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093021050069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current antiepileptic strategies aim to normalize the interaction
of the excitatory and inhibitory systems, which is ineffective in
treating patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Neuroinflammatory processes
in the epileptic focus and its perifocal area can trigger apoptosis
and also contribute to the development of drug resistance. The level
of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins (p-NF-kB, TNF-α, p53, FAS, caspase-3,
caspase-9) was analyzed in intraoperative biopsies of the temporal
lobe gray and white matter in the brain of patients with drug-resistant
epilepsy. An increased level of pro-apoptotic proteins was revealed
in the cortex and perifocal area’s white matter against the background
of an imbalance of protective anti-apoptotic proteins. It appears
that the activation of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis occurs
in the perifocal area, while in the epileptic focus, there are proteins
responsible for the activation of the anti-apoptotic survival pathways.
Active neuroinflammation in the epileptic focus and perifocal area
of the temporal lobe may contribute to the development of the resistance
to antiepileptic drugs and the progression of neurodegeneration in
such patients.
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18
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Meldolesi J. Extracellular vesicles (exosomes and ectosomes) play key roles in the pathology of brain diseases. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2021; 2:18. [PMID: 35006460 PMCID: PMC8607397 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-021-00040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Last century, neurons and glial cells were mostly believed to play distinct functions, relevant for the brain. Progressively, however, it became clear that neurons, astrocytes and microglia co-operate intensely with each other by release/binding of signaling factors, direct surface binding and generation/release of extracellular vesicles, the exosomes and ectosomes, called together vesicles in this abstract. The present review is focused on these vesicles, fundamental in various brain diseases. Their properties are extraordinary. The specificity of their membrane governs their fusion with distinct target cells, variable depending on the state and specificity of their cells of origin and target. Result of vesicle fusion is the discharge of their cargos into the cytoplasm of target cells. Cargos are composed of critical molecules, from proteins (various nature and function) to nucleotides (especially miRNAs), playing critical roles in immune and neurodegenerative diseases. Among immune diseases is multiple sclerosis, affected by extensive dysregulation of co-trafficking neural and glial vesicles, with distinct miRNAs inducing severe or reducing effects. The vesicle-dependent differences between progressive and relapsing-remitting forms of the disease are relevant for clinical developments. In Alzheimer’s disease the vesicles can affect the brain by changing their generation and inducing co-release of effective proteins, such Aβ and tau, from neurons and astrocytes. Specific miRNAs can delay the long-term development of the disease. Upon their traffic through the blood-brainbarrier, vesicles of various origin reach fluids where they are essential for the identification of biomarkers, important for diagnostic and therapeutic innovations, critical for the future of many brain patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Meldolesi
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Sagud M, Tudor L, Pivac N. Personalized treatment interventions: nonpharmacological and natural treatment strategies in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:571-589. [PMID: 33749488 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1906223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a slow, irreversible, progressive, complex, and fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Available pharmacological treatment, known for almost two decades, does not cure the disease, but only alleviates the symptoms, with various efficacy and different side effects. Therefore, there is an unmet need to find other person-centered or personalized approaches to treat AD.Areas covered: This article describes the application of precision medicine-like approaches utilizing nonpharmacological treatment strategies and the use of natural products in personalized care for patients with AD.Expert opinion: Due to the heterogeneity of disease symptoms, somatic conditions, and patient preferences, there is definitely no "one size fits all" intervention. Therefore, individualized treatment choice is based on dementia stage, medical and psychiatric comorbidity, leading symptoms, patient preferences, and remaining capacity of the patient. In the absence of disease-modifying agents, a patient-centered, multidisciplinary team approach appears to be the best option to alleviate the heavy symptomatic burden in this unfortunate population. Hence, appropriate interventions can be offered along the AD continuum, while a better understanding of personal characteristics might help in establishing optimal individualized treatment, as well as its duration and intensity, to deliver interventions in the most effective ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Sagud
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia.,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lucija Tudor
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Neuberger EWI, Hillen B, Mayr K, Simon P, Krämer-Albers EM, Brahmer A. Kinetics and Topology of DNA Associated with Circulating Extracellular Vesicles Released during Exercise. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:522. [PMID: 33918465 PMCID: PMC8065814 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely accepted that cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry DNA cargo, the association of cell-free circulating DNA (cfDNA) and EVs in plasma of healthy humans remains elusive. Using a physiological exercise model, where EVs and cfDNA are synchronously released, we aimed to characterize the kinetics and localization of DNA associated with EVs. EVs were separated from human plasma using size exclusion chromatography or immuno-affinity capture for CD9+, CD63+, and CD81+ EVs. DNA was quantified with an ultra-sensitive qPCR assay targeting repetitive LINE elements, with or without DNase digestion. This model shows that a minute part of circulating cell-free DNA is associated with EVs. During rest and following exercise, only 0.12% of the total cfDNA occurs in association with CD9+/CD63+/CD81+EVs. DNase digestion experiments indicate that the largest part of EV associated DNA is sensitive to DNase digestion and only ~20% are protected within the lumen of the separated EVs. A single bout of running or cycling exercise increases the levels of EVs, cfDNA, and EV-associated DNA. While EV surface DNA is increasing, DNAse-resistant DNA remains at resting levels, indicating that EVs released during exercise (ExerVs) do not contain DNA. Consequently, DNA is largely associated with the outer surface of circulating EVs. ExerVs recruit cfDNA to their corona, but do not carry DNA in their lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmo W. I. Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Barlo Hillen
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Katharina Mayr
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
| | - Alexandra Brahmer
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (B.H.); (P.S.)
- Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany; (K.M.); (E.-M.K.-A.)
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21
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Jan AT, Rahman S, Badierah R, Lee EJ, Mattar EH, Redwan EM, Choi I. Expedition into Exosome Biology: A Perspective of Progress from Discovery to Therapeutic Development. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1157. [PMID: 33800282 PMCID: PMC7962655 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-enclosed distinct cellular entities of endocytic origin that shuttle proteins and RNA molecules intercellularly for communication purposes. Their surface is embossed by a huge variety of proteins, some of which are used as diagnostic markers. Exosomes are being explored for potential drug delivery, although their therapeutic utilities are impeded by gaps in knowledge regarding their formation and function under physiological condition and by lack of methods capable of shedding light on intraluminal vesicle release at the target site. Nonetheless, exosomes offer a promising means of developing systems that enable the specific delivery of therapeutics in diseases like cancer. This review summarizes information on donor cell types, cargoes, cargo loading, routes of administration, and the engineering of exosomal surfaces for specific peptides that increase target specificity and as such, therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Tasleem Jan
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri 185234, India;
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, MS College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 842001, India;
| | - Raied Badierah
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Ehab H. Mattar
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Elrashdy M. Redwan
- Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Science, and Laboratory University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (E.H.M.)
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
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22
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Nederveen JP, Warnier G, Di Carlo A, Nilsson MI, Tarnopolsky MA. Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Insights From Exercise Science. Front Physiol 2021; 11:604274. [PMID: 33597890 PMCID: PMC7882633 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.604274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefits of exercise on health and longevity are well-established, and evidence suggests that these effects are partially driven by a spectrum of bioactive molecules released into circulation during exercise (e.g., exercise factors or 'exerkines'). Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes or exosome-like vesicles (ELVs), were shown to be secreted concomitantly with exerkines. These EVs have therefore been proposed to act as cargo carriers or 'mediators' of intercellular communication. Given these findings, there has been a rapidly growing interest in the role of EVs in the multi-systemic, adaptive response to exercise. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the effects of exercise on MVs and ELVs, examine their role in the exercise response and long-term adaptations, and highlight the main methodological hurdles related to blood collection, purification, and characterization of ELVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P Nederveen
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoffrey Warnier
- Institut of Neuroscience, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alessia Di Carlo
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mats I Nilsson
- Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Tarnopolsky
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Exerkine Corporation, McMaster University Medical Centre (MUMC), Hamilton, ON, Canada
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23
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Brahmer A, Neuberger EWI, Simon P, Krämer-Albers EM. Considerations for the Analysis of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Physical Exercise. Front Physiol 2020; 11:576150. [PMID: 33343383 PMCID: PMC7744614 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.576150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise induces acute physiological changes leading to enhanced tissue cross-talk and a liberation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) into the circulation. EVs are cell-derived membranous entities which carry bioactive material, such as proteins and RNA species, and are important mediators of cell-cell-communication. Different types of physical exercise interventions trigger the release of diverse EV subpopulations, which are hypothesized to be involved in physiological adaptation processes leading to health benefits and longevity. Large EVs (“microvesicles” and “microparticles”) are studied frequently in the context of physical exercise using straight forward flow cytometry approaches. However, the analysis of small EVs (sEVs) including exosomes is hampered by the complex composition of blood, confounding the methodology of EV isolation and characterization. This mini review presents a concise overview of the current state of research on sEVs released upon physical exercise (ExerVs), highlighting the technical limits of ExerV analysis. The purity of EV preparations is highly influenced by the co-isolation of non-EV structures in the size range or density of EVs, such as lipoproteins and protein aggregates. Technical constraints associated with EV purification challenge the quantification of distinct ExerV populations, the identification of their cargo, and the investigation of their biological functions. Here, we offer recommendations for the isolation and characterization of ExerVs to minimize the effects of these drawbacks. Technological advances in the ExerV research field will improve understanding of the inter-cellular cross-talk induced by physical exercise leading to health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Brahmer
- Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmo W I Neuberger
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Perikles Simon
- Department of Sports Medicine, Rehabilitation and Disease Prevention, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Krämer-Albers
- Extracellular Vesicles Research Group, Institute of Developmental Biology and Neurobiology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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