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Kuntoji G, Kousar N, Gaddimath S, Koodlur Sannegowda L. Macromolecule-Nanoparticle-Based Hybrid Materials for Biosensor Applications. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:277. [PMID: 38920581 PMCID: PMC11201996 DOI: 10.3390/bios14060277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Biosensors function as sophisticated devices, converting biochemical reactions into electrical signals. Contemporary emphasis on developing biosensor devices with refined sensitivity and selectivity is critical due to their extensive functional capabilities. However, a significant challenge lies in the binding affinity of biosensors to biomolecules, requiring adept conversion and amplification of interactions into various signal modalities like electrical, optical, gravimetric, and electrochemical outputs. Overcoming challenges associated with sensitivity, detection limits, response time, reproducibility, and stability is essential for efficient biosensor creation. The central aspect of the fabrication of any biosensor is focused towards forming an effective interface between the analyte electrode which significantly influences the overall biosensor quality. Polymers and macromolecular systems are favored for their distinct properties and versatile applications. Enhancing the properties and conductivity of these systems can be achieved through incorporating nanoparticles or carbonaceous moieties. Hybrid composite materials, possessing a unique combination of attributes like advanced sensitivity, selectivity, thermal stability, mechanical flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable electrical properties, emerge as promising candidates for biosensor applications. In addition, this approach enhances the electrochemical response, signal amplification, and stability of fabricated biosensors, contributing to their effectiveness. This review predominantly explores recent advancements in utilizing macrocyclic and macromolecular conjugated systems, such as phthalocyanines, porphyrins, polymers, etc. and their hybrids, with a specific focus on signal amplification in biosensors. It comprehensively covers synthetic strategies, properties, working mechanisms, and the potential of these systems for detecting biomolecules like glucose, hydrogen peroxide, uric acid, ascorbic acid, dopamine, cholesterol, amino acids, and cancer cells. Furthermore, this review delves into the progress made, elucidating the mechanisms responsible for signal amplification. The Conclusion addresses the challenges and future directions of macromolecule-based hybrids in biosensor applications, providing a concise overview of this evolving field. The narrative emphasizes the importance of biosensor technology advancement, illustrating the role of smart design and material enhancement in improving performance across various domains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Vijayanagara Sri Krishnadevaraya University, Jnanasagara, Vinayakanagara, Ballari 583105, India; (G.K.); (N.K.); (S.G.)
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Emran MY, El-Safty SA, Selim MM, Shenashen MA. Selective monitoring of ultra-trace guanine and adenine from hydrolyzed DNA using boron-doped carbon electrode surfaces. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2021; 329:129192. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2020.129192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Hayat K, Munawar A, Zulfiqar A, Akhtar MH, Ahmad HB, Shafiq Z, Akram M, Saleemi AS, Akhtar N. CuO Hollow Cubic Caves Wrapped with Biogenic N-Rich Graphitic C for Simultaneous Monitoring of Uric Acid and Xanthine. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:47320-47329. [PMID: 33023289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c15243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we synthesized hollow cubic caves of CuO (HC) and wrapped it with N-rich graphitic C (NC), derived from a novel biogenic mixture composed of dopamine (DA) and purine. The synthesized NC wrapped HC (NC@HC) sensor shows enhanced electrocatalytic efficacy compared to unwrapped CuO with shapes including HC, sponge (SP), cabbage (CB), and solid icy cubes (SC). The shape and composition of synthesized materials were confirmed through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), whereas interfacial surface energy was calculated through contact angle measurement. The designed NC@HC sensor shows a remarkable response toward the simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA) and xanthine (Xn) with detection limits of 0.017 ± 0.001 (S/N of 3) and 0.004 ± 0.001 μM (S/N of 3), respectively. In addition, this platform was successfully applied to monitor UA from the gout patient serum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on using such novel NC@HC materials for the simultaneous monitoring of UA and Xn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khizer Hayat
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Munawar
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Anam Zulfiqar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Hassan Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Badaruddin Ahmad
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU), Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Awais Siddique Saleemi
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060 Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Bogireddy NR, Barba V, Agarwal V. Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide Dots-Based "Turn-OFF" H 2O 2, Au(III), and "Turn-OFF-ON" Hg(II) Sensors as Logic Gates and Molecular Keypad Locks. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:10702-10713. [PMID: 31460168 PMCID: PMC6648105 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b00858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent nitrogen-doped graphene oxide dots (NGODs) have been demonstrated as an on-off nanosensor for the detection of Hg2+, Au3+, and H2O2. As compared to l-cystine, where the luminescence signal recovery results from the detachment of Hg2+ from the NGODs, signal recovery through l-ascorbic acid (turn-off-on model) has been attributed to the reduction of Hg2+ to Hg0. The sustainable recovery of the photoluminescence signal is demonstrated using common citrus fruits containing vitamin C (l-AA), suggesting a promising practical usage of this sensing system. Additionally, the sensitivity of NGOD- and AA-originated signal recovery from the Hg(II)-NGODs mixture has been successfully tested in Hg2+ ion-spiked tap water from three different places. Mimic devices were executed and verified on the basis of characteristic spectral changes, and the possible utility of this system in electronic security and memory element devices has also been demonstrated. Considering an easy synthesis process and excellent performance of NGODs, this investigation opens up new opportunities for preparing high-quality fluorescent NGODs to meet the requirements of many applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen
Kumar Reddy Bogireddy
- Centro
de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas,
UAEM, Av. Univ. 1001,
Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
| | - Victor Barba
- Centro
de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBA, Universidad Autónoma
Del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos CP 62209, Mexico
| | - Vivechana Agarwal
- Centro
de Investigación en Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas,
UAEM, Av. Univ. 1001,
Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62209, Mexico
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Emran MY, El-Safty SA, Shenashen MA, Minowa T. A well-thought-out sensory protocol for screening of oxygen reactive species released from cancer cells. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS B: CHEMICAL 2019; 284:456-467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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George JM, Antony A, Mathew B. Metal oxide nanoparticles in electrochemical sensing and biosensing: a review. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 185:358. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-2894-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Emran MY, Shenashen MA, Morita H, El-Safty SA. One-step selective screening of bioactive molecules in living cells using sulfur-doped microporous carbon. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 109:237-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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El-Sewify IM, Shenashen MA, Shahat A, Selim MM, Khalil MM, El-Safty SA. Sensitive and selective fluorometric determination and monitoring of Zn2+ ions using supermicroporous Zr-MOFs chemosensors. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fabrication of highly stable silver nanoparticles with shape-dependent electrochemical efficacy. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kumar V, Gupta RK, Gundampati RK, Singh DK, Mohan S, Hasan SH, Malviya M. Enhanced electron transfer mediated detection of hydrogen peroxide using a silver nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide–polyaniline fabricated electrochemical sensor. RSC Adv 2018; 8:619-631. [PMID: 35538993 PMCID: PMC9076931 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11466d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aims at the development of an electrochemical sensor based on a silver nanoparticle–reduced graphene oxide–polyaniline (AgNPs–rGO–PANI) nanocomposite for the sensitive and selective detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Gupta
- Fuel Cell Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | | | - Devendra Kumar Singh
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Sweta Mohan
- Nanomaterial Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Syed Hadi Hasan
- Fuel Cell Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
| | - Manisha Malviya
- Fuel Cell Technology
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology (BHU)
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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El-Sewify IM, Shenashen MA, Shahat A, Yamaguchi H, Selim MM, Khalil MM, El-Safty SA. Ratiometric Fluorescent Chemosensor for Zn2+
Ions in Environmental Samples Using Supermicroporous Organic-Inorganic Structures as Potential Platforms. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Islam M. El-Sewify
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen; Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University, Abbassia; 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Shenashen
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen; Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
| | - Ahmed Shahat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Suez University; Suez Egypt
| | - Hitoshi Yamaguchi
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen; Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
| | - Mahmoud M. Selim
- Department of Mathematics, Al-Aflaj College of Science and Human Studies; Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University; Al-Aflaj 710-11912 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M.H. Khalil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain Shams University, Abbassia; 11566 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sherif A. El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-2-1 Sengen; Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Faculty of Engineering and Advanced and Manufacturing; University of Sunderland; Sunderland, UK
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Lee T, Kim TH, Yoon J, Chung YH, Lee JY, Choi JW. Investigation of Hemoglobin/Gold Nanoparticle Heterolayer on Micro-Gap for Electrochemical Biosensor Application. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16050660. [PMID: 27171089 PMCID: PMC4883351 DOI: 10.3390/s16050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we fabricated a hemoglobin/gold nanoparticle (Hb/GNP) heterolayer immobilized on the Au micro-gap to confirm H2O2 detection with a signal-enhancement effect. The hemoglobin which contained the heme group catalyzed the reduction of H2O2. To facilitate the electron transfer between hemoglobin and Au micro-gap electrode, a gold nanoparticle was introduced. The Au micro-gap electrode that has gap size of 5 µm was fabricated by conventional photolithographic technique to locate working and counter electrodes oppositely in a single chip for the signal sensitivity and reliability. The hemoglobin was self-assembled onto the Au surface via chemical linker 6-mercaptohexanoic acid (6-MHA). Then, the gold nanoparticles were adsorbed onto hemoglobin/6-MHA heterolayers by the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. The fabrication of the Hb/GNP heterolayer was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The redox property and H2O2 detection of Hb/GNP on the micro-gap electrode was investigated by a cyclic voltammetry (CV) experiment. Taken together, the present results show that the electrochemical signal-enhancement effect of a hemoglobin/nanoparticle heterolayer was well confirmed on the micro-scale electrode for biosensor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
- Research Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-756, Korea.
| | - Jinho Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Yong-Ho Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hoseo University, 20, Hoseo-ro 79beon-gil, Baebang-Eup, Asan City, Chungnam 336-795, Korea.
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
- Research Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Woo Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
- Research Center for Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro (Sinsu-dong), Mapo-gu, Seoul 121-742, Korea.
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Radially oriented nanostrand electrodes to boost glucose sensing in mammalian blood. Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 77:656-65. [PMID: 26496219 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Architecture of nanoscale electrochemical sensors for ultra-trace detection of glucose in blood is important in real-life sampling and analysis. To broaden the application of electrochemical sensing of glucose, we fabricated, for the first time, a glucose sensor electrode based on radially oriented NiO nanostrands (NSTs) onto 3D porous Ni foam substrate for monitoring, as well as selective and sensitive sensing of glucose in mammalian blood. The simple, scalable one-pot fabrication of this NST-Ni sensor design enabled control of the pattern of radially oriented NSTs onto 3D porous Ni foam substrate. The radial orientation of NST-Ni electrode onto the interior of the 3D porous substrate with controlled crystal structure size and atomic arrangement along the axis of the strands, intrinsic surface defects, and superior surface properties, such as hydrophilicity, high surface energy, and high density led to highly exposed catalytic active sites. The hierarchical NST-Ni electrode was used to develop a sensitive and selective sensor over a wide range of glucose concentrations among actively competitive ions, chemical species and molecular agents, and multi-cyclic sensing assays. The NST-Ni electrode shows significant glucose sensing performance in terms of unimpeded diffusion pathways, a wide range of concentration detection, and lower limit of detection (0.186 µM) than NiO nanosheet (NS)-Ni foam electrode pattern, indicating the effectiveness of the shape-dependent structural architecture of NST-Ni electrode. In this study, the NST-Ni electrode is fabricated to develop a simple, selective method for detecting glucose in physiological fluids (e.g., mammalian blood).
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Akhtar N, El-Safty SA, Abdelsalam ME, Kawarada H. One-Pot Fabrication of Dendritic NiO@carbon-nitrogen Dot Electrodes for Screening Blood Glucose Level in Diabetes. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2110-2119. [PMID: 26293491 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Selective and sensitive glucose sensors with fast response for screening diabetic blood level are demanded. In this paper, the one-pot nanoarchitecture of dendritic NiO@carbon-nitrogen (C-N) dots (designated as NCD) sphere-wrapping Ni foam electrodes are reported as an effective and sensitive glucose sensor in blood samples. In this construction design, the NCD sphere electrode with excessive surface defects, large fractions of catalytic active sites, high surface area, and mobility of electron transfer through the actively surface NCD sphere can massively enhance the electrocatalytic activity for nonenzymatic glucose detection in diabetic blood. This portable sensor enables highly sensitive recognition of glucose detection (≈0.01 × 10-6 m) over a wider linear range (≈0.005-12 × 10-3 m) with rapid response time of a few seconds. The key result is that the engineered NCD sphere electrodes function as simple, easy-to-use electrochemical sensing assays of glucose levels in diabetic blood patients with a wide range of precision or linearity, recyclability, and excellent selectivity, even in the presence of potentially interfering organic (ascorbic acid, uric acid, dopamine, lactose, maltose, and sucrose) and inorganic (NaCl, Na2 SO4 , KCl, and K2 SO4 ) species. The results demonstrate the potential for the electrochemical sensors to be used in preventing serious health problems associated with diabetes mismanagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeem Akhtar
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | - Sherif A. El-Safty
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS); 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-0047 Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kawarada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering; Waseda University; 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-Ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan
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