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Ang BJ, Suardi N, Ong EBB, Khasim SNH, Gemanam SJ, Mustafa IS, Fong JH. Exploring the role of impedance spectroscopy in assessing 405 nm laser-induced inactivation of saccharomyces cerevisiae. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024; 23:931-940. [PMID: 38592591 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00564-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy was employed to assess the electrical properties of yeast following 405 nm laser irradiation, exploring the effects of visible, non-ionizing laser-induced inactivation as a more selective and safer alternative for photoinactivation applications compared to the use of DNA targeting, ionizing UV light. Capacitance and impedance spectra were obtained for yeast suspensions irradiated for 10, 20, 30, and 40 min using 100 and 200 mW laser powers. Noticeable differences in capacitance spectra were observed at lower frequencies (40 Hz to 1 kHz), with a significant increase at 40 min for both laser powers. β-dispersion was evident in the impedance spectra in the frequency range of 10 kHz to 10 MHz. The characteristic frequency of dielectric relaxation steadily shifted to higher frequencies with increasing irradiation time, with a drastic change observed at 40 min for both laser powers. These changes signify a distinct alteration in the physical state of yeast. A yeast spot assay demonstrated a decrease in cell viability with increasing laser irradiation dose. The results indicate a correlation between changes in electrical properties, cell viability, and the efficacy of 405 nm laser-induced inactivation. Impedance spectroscopy is shown to be an efficient, non-destructive, label-free method for monitoring changes in cell viability in photobiological effect studies. The development of impedance spectroscopy-based real-time studies in photoinactivation holds promise for advancing our understanding of light-cell interactions in medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng Jiong Ang
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nursakinah Suardi
- School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Eugene Boon Beng Ong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | | | | | | | - Jing Heng Fong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
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2
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Kernbach S, Kernbach O, Kuksin I, Kernbach A, Nepomnyashchiy Y, Dochow T, Bobrov AV. The biosensor based on electrochemical dynamics of fermentation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 213:113535. [PMID: 35654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The zymase activity of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is sensitive to environmental parameters and is therefore used as a microbiological sensor for water quality assessment, ecotoxicological characterization or environmental monitoring. Comparing to bacterial bioluminescence approach, this method has no toxicity, excludes usage of genetically modified microorganisms, and enables low-cost express analysis. This work focuses on measuring the yeast fermentation dynamics based on multichannel pressure sensing and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Measurement results are compared with each other in terms of accuracy, reproducibility and ease of use in field conditions. It has been shown that EIS provides more information about ionic dynamics of metabolic processes and requires less complex measurements. The conducted experiments demonstrated the sensitivity of this approach for assessing biophotonic phenomena, non-chemical water treatments and impact of environmental stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Kernbach
- CYBRES GmbH, Research Center of Advanced Robotics and Environmental Science, Melunerstr. 40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Olga Kernbach
- CYBRES GmbH, Research Center of Advanced Robotics and Environmental Science, Melunerstr. 40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Igor Kuksin
- CYBRES GmbH, Research Center of Advanced Robotics and Environmental Science, Melunerstr. 40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Kernbach
- CYBRES GmbH, Research Center of Advanced Robotics and Environmental Science, Melunerstr. 40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yury Nepomnyashchiy
- CYBRES GmbH, Research Center of Advanced Robotics and Environmental Science, Melunerstr. 40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Timo Dochow
- IFFP GmbH, Frieberting 12, 83137 Schonstett, Germany
| | - Andrew V Bobrov
- Orel State University, Komsomolskaya, 95, 302026, Orel, Russia
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Díaz Pacheco A, Delgado-Macuil RJ, Larralde-Corona CP, Dinorín-Téllez-Girón J, Martínez Montes F, Martinez Tolibia SE, López Y López VE. Two-methods approach to follow up biomass by impedance spectroscopy: Bacillus thuringiensis fermentations as a study model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:1097-1112. [PMID: 35037996 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Impedance spectroscopy is used for the characterization of electrochemical systems as well as for the monitoring of bioprocesses. However, the data obtained using this technique allow multiple interpretations, depending on the methodology implemented. Hence, it is necessary to establish a robust methodology to reliably follow-up biomass in fermentations. In the present work, two methodological approaches, mainly used for the characterization of electrochemical systems, were employed to characterize and determine a frequency that allows the monitoring of biomass in Bacillus thuringiensis fermentations by impedance spectroscopy. The first approach, based on a conventional analysis, revealed a single distribution with a characteristic frequency of around 2 kHz. In contrast, the second approach, based on the distribution of relaxation times, gave three distributions (A, B, and C). The C distribution, found near 9 kHz, was more related to the microbial biomass than the distribution at 2 kHz using the equivalent circuits. The time course of the B. thuringiensis fermentation was followed; bacilli, spores, glucose, and acid and base consumption for pH were determined out of line; and capacitance at 9 kHz was monitored. The correlation between the time course data and the capacitance profile indicated that the monitoring of B. thuringiensis at 9 kHz mainly corresponds to extracellular activity and, in a second instance, to the cellular concentration. These results show that it is necessary to establish a robust and reliable methodology to monitor fermentation processes by impedance spectroscopy, and the distribution of relaxation times was more appropriate. KEY POINTS: • Application of impedance spectroscopy for bioprocess monitoring • Low-frequency monitoring of biomass in fermentations • Analysis of impedance data by two methodological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Díaz Pacheco
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac- Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90700, México
| | - Raul Jacobo Delgado-Macuil
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac- Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90700, México
| | - Claudia Patricia Larralde-Corona
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Blvd. del Maestro S/N Esq. Elías Piña. Col. Narciso Mendoza, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, C.P. 88710, México
| | - Jabel Dinorín-Téllez-Girón
- Universidad Politécnica de Tlaxcala, Av. Universidad Politécnica No.1 San Pedro Xalcaltzinco, 90180, Tepeyanco, Tlaxcala, México
| | - Francisco Martínez Montes
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac- Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90700, México
| | - Shirlley E Martinez Tolibia
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac- Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90700, México
| | - Victor Eric López Y López
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Carretera Estatal Santa Inés Tecuexcomac- Tepetitla, km 1.5, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, C.P. 90700, México.
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Bormans S, Oudebrouckx G, Vandormael P, Vandenryt T, Wagner P, Somers V, Thoelen R. Pulsed Thermal Method for Monitoring Cell Proliferation in Real-Time. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:2440. [PMID: 33916287 PMCID: PMC8036761 DOI: 10.3390/s21072440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The study of cell proliferation is of great importance for medical and biological research, as well as for industrial applications. To render the proliferation process accurately over time, real-time cell proliferation assay methods are required. This work presents a novel real-time and label-free approach for monitoring cell proliferation by continuously measuring changes in thermal properties that occur at the sensor interface during the process. The sensor consists of a single planar resistive structure deposited on a thin foil substrate, integrated at the bottom of a cell culture reservoir. During measurement, the structure is excited with square wave current pulses. Meanwhile, the temperature-induced voltage change measured over the structure is used to derive variations in the number of cells at the interface. This principle is demonstrated first by performing cell sedimentation measurements to quantify the presence of cells at the sensor interface in the absence of cell growth. Later, cell proliferation experiments were performed, whereby parameters such as the available nutrient content and the cell starting concentration were modified. Results from these experiments show that the thermal-based sensor is able to accurately measure variations in the number of cells at the interface. Moreover, the influence of the modified parameters could be observed in the obtained proliferation curves. These findings highlight the potential for the presented thermal method to be incorporated in a standardized well plate format for high-throughput monitoring of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seppe Bormans
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Gilles Oudebrouckx
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Vandormael
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.S.)
| | - Thijs Vandenryt
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Patrick Wagner
- Laboratory for Soft Matter and Biophysics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Veerle Somers
- Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), School of Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (P.V.); (V.S.)
| | - Ronald Thoelen
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium; (G.O.); (T.V.); (R.T.)
- IMEC vzw, Division IMOMEC, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Kastenhofer J, Rajamanickam V, Libiseller-Egger J, Spadiut O. Monitoring and control of E. coli cell integrity. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:1-12. [PMID: 33485861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Soluble expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli is often done by translocation of the product across the inner membrane (IM) into the periplasm, where it is retained by the outer membrane (OM). While the integrity of the IM is strongly coupled to viability and impurity release, a decrease in OM integrity (corresponding to increased "leakiness") leads to accumulation of product in the extracellular space, strongly impacting the downstream process. Whether leakiness is desired or not, differential monitoring and control of IM and OM integrity are necessary for an efficient E. coli bioprocess in compliance with the guidelines of Quality by Design and Process Analytical Technology. In this review, we give an overview of relevant monitoring tools, summarize the research on factors affecting E. coli membrane integrity and provide a brief discussion on how the available monitoring technology can be implemented in real-time control of E. coli cultivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kastenhofer
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vignesh Rajamanickam
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Libiseller-Egger
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- TU Wien, Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Research Group Integrated Bioprocess Development, Gumpendorfer Strasse 1a, 1060, Vienna, Austria.
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Towards smart biomanufacturing: a perspective on recent developments in industrial measurement and monitoring technologies for bio-based production processes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 47:947-964. [PMID: 32895764 PMCID: PMC7695667 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-020-02308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The biomanufacturing industry has now the opportunity to upgrade its production processes to be in harmony with the latest industrial revolution. Technology creates capabilities that enable smart manufacturing while still complying with unfolding regulations. However, many biomanufacturing companies, especially in the biopharma sector, still have a long way to go to fully benefit from smart manufacturing as they first need to transition their current operations to an information-driven future. One of the most significant obstacles towards the implementation of smart biomanufacturing is the collection of large sets of relevant data. Therefore, in this work, we both summarize the advances that have been made to date with regards to the monitoring and control of bioprocesses, and highlight some of the key technologies that have the potential to contribute to gathering big data. Empowering the current biomanufacturing industry to transition to Industry 4.0 operations allows for improved productivity through information-driven automation, not only by developing infrastructure, but also by introducing more advanced monitoring and control strategies.
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7
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Application of dielectric spectroscopy to unravel the physiological state of microorganisms: current state, prospects and limits. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6101-6113. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10677-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Turick CE, Shimpalee S, Satjaritanun P, Weidner J, Greenway S. Convenient non-invasive electrochemical techniques to monitor microbial processes: current state and perspectives. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:8327-8338. [PMID: 31478059 PMCID: PMC6800409 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10091-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Real-time electrochemical monitoring in bioprocesses is an improvement over existing systems because it is versatile and provides more information to the user than periodic measurements of cell density or metabolic activity. Real-time electrochemical monitoring provides the ability to monitor the physiological status of actively growing cells related to electron transfer activity and potential changes in the proton gradient of the cells. Voltammetric and amperometric techniques offer opportunities to monitor electron transfer reactions when electrogenic microbes are used in microbial fuel cells or bioelectrochemical synthesis. Impedance techniques provide the ability to monitor the physiological status of a wide range of microorganisms in conventional bioprocesses. Impedance techniques involve scanning a range of frequencies to define physiological activity in terms of equivalent electrical circuits, thereby enabling the use of computer modeling to evaluate specific growth parameters. Electrochemical monitoring of microbial activity has applications throughout the biotechnology industry for generating real-time data and offers the potential for automated process controls for specific bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Turick
- Savannah River National Laboratory, Environmental Science and Biotechnology, Aiken, SC USA
| | - Sirivatch Shimpalee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, 541 Main Street, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Pongsarun Satjaritanun
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, 541 Main Street, Columbia, SC USA
| | - John Weidner
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Computing, University of South Carolina, 541 Main Street, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Scott Greenway
- Savannah River Consulting, 301 Gateway Drive, Aiken, SC USA
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Pakiet M, Kowalczyk I, Leiva Garcia R, Moorcroft R, Nichol T, Smith T, Akid R, Brycki B. Gemini surfactant as multifunctional corrosion and biocorrosion inhibitors for mild steel. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:252-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Bockisch A, Kielhorn E, Neubauer P, Junne S. Process analytical technologies to monitor the liquid phase of anaerobic cultures. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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