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Wang Y, Opsomer T, de Jong F, Verhaeghe D, Mulier M, Van Meervelt L, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Palladium-Catalyzed Arylations towards 3,6-Diaryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes and Evaluation of Their Fluorescence Properties. Molecules 2024; 29:2229. [PMID: 38792091 PMCID: PMC11123795 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Methyl 4-(1,3a,6a-triazapentalen-3-yl)benzoate (TAP1) shows interesting properties as a small molecule fluorophore. In the search for post-functionalization methods, palladium-catalyzed arylation reactions were demonstrated. Direct CH arylation reactions of TAP1 with various aryl halides resulted in 3,6-diaryltriazapentalenes TAP4, although mostly in poor yields. Bromination of TAP1 followed by Suzuki coupling, on the other hand, requires a more delicate procedure, but gave arylated products with the same regiochemistry (TAP4) in moderate to good yields. The structure of 6-phenyltriazapentalene TAP4a was confirmed by crystallographic analysis. In addition, the effect of the C6 arylation on the fluorescent properties of 3-aryl-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes was studied in dichloromethane at room temperature and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at 77 K, while the photophysical properties of two saponified derivatives were measured in acetonitrile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Wang
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tomas Opsomer
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Davy Verhaeghe
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Maarten Mulier
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Meervelt
- Biochemistry, Molecular and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; (F.d.J.); (M.V.d.A.)
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Sustainable Chemistry for Metals and Molecules, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Tsuji D, Nakayama A, Yamamoto R, Nagano S, Taniguchi T, Sato R, Karanjit S, Muguruma N, Takayama T, Itoh K, Namba K. 1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene derivatives as photo-induced cytotoxic small fluorescent dyes. Commun Chem 2023; 6:37. [PMID: 36813913 PMCID: PMC9947109 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
1,3a,6a-Triazapentalene (TAP) is a compact fluorescent chromophore whose fluorescence properties vary greatly depending on the substituents on the TAP ring. This study investigated the photo-induced cytotoxicities of various TAP derivatives. Among the derivatives, 2-p-nitrophenyl-TAP showed significant cytotoxicity to HeLa cells under UV irradiation but no cytotoxicity without UV. In addition, the photo-induced cytotoxicity of 2-p-nitirophenyl-TAP was found to be cancer cell selective and effective against HeLa cells and HCT 116 cells. Under UV irradiation, 2-p-nitrophenyl-TAP generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) that induced an apoptosis and ferroptosis in cancer cells. Therefore, it was revealed that 2-p-nitrophenyl-TAP is the most compact dye that can generate ROS by photoirradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Tsuji
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan. .,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima, 731-0153, Japan.
| | - Atsushi Nakayama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan ,Present Address: Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-3-138, Sumiyoshi, Osaka, 558-8585 Japan
| | - Riko Yamamoto
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Shuji Nagano
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Ryota Sato
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Sangita Karanjit
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Naoki Muguruma
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan ,Present Address: Takamatsu Municipal Hospital, Takamatsu, Kagawa 761-8538 Japan
| | - Tetsuji Takayama
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Kohji Itoh
- grid.267335.60000 0001 1092 3579Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505 Japan
| | - Kosuke Namba
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, 770-8505, Japan.
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Gutierrez VS, Arnault A, Ferreira V, Artigas A, Hagebaum-Reignier D, Carissan Y, Coquerel Y, Hiebel MA, Suzenet F. Synthesis, Photophysical Properties, and Aromaticity of Pyrazine-Fused Tetrazapentalenes. J Org Chem 2022; 87:13653-13662. [PMID: 36197438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pyrazine-fused 1,2,6,6a-tetrazapentalenes (PyTeAP) are zwitterionic tricyclic compounds exhibiting an original pattern with four consecutive nitrogen atoms. They were obtained by a challenging cyclization through the formation of a N-N bond under thermolytic conditions. Ten derivatives were synthesized, and the original scaffold of PyTeAP was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of one derivative. Examination of their photophysical properties in solution revealed blue fluorescence with λem = 416-426 nm. Theoretical investigations of the aromaticity in these compounds through magnetic criteria evidenced the presence of a dominant 14-electron circuit at the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Arnault
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311,Orléans, France
| | | | - Albert Artigas
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Yannick Carissan
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Yoann Coquerel
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | | | - Franck Suzenet
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311,Orléans, France
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Neto BAD, Correa JR, Spencer J. Fluorescent Benzothiadiazole Derivatives as Fluorescence Imaging Dyes: A Decade of New Generation Probes. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103262. [PMID: 34643974 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The current review describes advances in the use of fluorescent 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) derivatives after nearly one decade since the first description of bioimaging experiments using this class of fluorogenic dyes. The review describes the use of BTD-containing fluorophores applied as, inter alia, bioprobes for imaging cell nuclei, mitochondria, lipid droplets, sensors, markers for proteins and related events, biological processes and activities, lysosomes, plasma membranes, multicellular models, and animals. A number of physicochemical and photophysical properties commonly observed for BTD fluorogenic structures are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenno A D Neto
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-900, Brazil
| | - Jose R Correa
- Laboratory of Medicinal and Technological Chemistry, Chemistry Institute (IQ-UnB), University of Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, Distrito Federal, 70904-900, Brazil
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sussex School of Life Sciences, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, U.K
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Horsten T, de Jong F, Theunissen D, Van der Auweraer M, Dehaen W. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of 1,2,3-Triazole BOPAHY Dyes and Their Water-Soluble Triazolium Salts. J Org Chem 2021; 86:13774-13782. [PMID: 34516732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Water-soluble BOPAHY fluorophores have not yet been reported. The potential of 1,2,3-triazolium salts for the formation of water-soluble chromophores is explored. 1,2,3-Triazole-substituted pyrroles were synthesized in a metal-free pathway and alkylated to obtain water-soluble 1,2,3-triazolium BOPAHY dyes. High fluorescence quantum yields were observed for triazole-bridged BOPAHY dyes in DCM and moderate fluorescence quantum yields for 1,2,3-triazolium-bridged BOPAHY chromophores in DCM and water. The fluorescence of the freely rotatable 1,2,3-triazolium-linked BOPAHYs is partially quenched in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Horsten
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Flip de Jong
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dries Theunissen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mark Van der Auweraer
- Molecular Imaging and Photonics, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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6
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Sirbu D, Chopin N, Martinić I, Ndiaye M, Eliseeva SV, Hiebel MA, Petoud S, Suzenet F. Pyridazino-1,3a,6a-Triazapentalenes as Versatile Fluorescent Probes: Impact of Their Post-Functionalization and Application for Cellular Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6645. [PMID: 34205833 PMCID: PMC8234658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyridazino-1,3a,6a-triazapentalenes (PyTAP) are compact fused 6/5/5 tricyclic scaffolds which exhibit promising fluorescent properties. Chemically stable, they can be post-functionalized using standard Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling chemistry. Several original PyTAP bearing additional unsaturated substituents in positions 2 and 8 were synthetized and their spectroscopic properties analyzed. They have been successfully tested as fluorescent probes for cellular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doina Sirbu
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique—ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45100 Orléans, France; (D.S.); (N.C.); (M.N.); (M.-A.H.)
| | - Nicolas Chopin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique—ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45100 Orléans, France; (D.S.); (N.C.); (M.N.); (M.-A.H.)
| | - Ivana Martinić
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (I.M.); (S.V.E.)
| | - Moussa Ndiaye
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique—ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45100 Orléans, France; (D.S.); (N.C.); (M.N.); (M.-A.H.)
| | - Svetlana V. Eliseeva
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (I.M.); (S.V.E.)
| | - Marie-Aude Hiebel
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique—ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45100 Orléans, France; (D.S.); (N.C.); (M.N.); (M.-A.H.)
| | - Stéphane Petoud
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire CNRS UPR 4301, Rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, 45071 Orléans, France; (I.M.); (S.V.E.)
| | - Franck Suzenet
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique—ICOA UMR7311, Rue de Chartres, CEDEX 2, 45100 Orléans, France; (D.S.); (N.C.); (M.N.); (M.-A.H.)
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