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Yang J, Walker KC, Bekar-Cesaretli AA, Hao B, Bhadelia N, Joseph-McCarthy D, Paschalidis IC. Automating biomedical literature review for rapid drug discovery: Leveraging GPT-4 to expedite pandemic response. Int J Med Inform 2024; 189:105500. [PMID: 38815316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2024.105500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The rapid expansion of the biomedical literature challenges traditional review methods, especially during outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases when quick action is critical. Our study aims to explore the potential of ChatGPT to automate the biomedical literature review for rapid drug discovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS We introduce a novel automated pipeline helping to identify drugs for a given virus in response to a potential future global health threat. Our approach can be used to select PubMed articles identifying a drug target for the given virus. We tested our approach on two known pathogens: SARS-CoV-2, where the literature is vast, and Nipah, where the literature is sparse. Specifically, a panel of three experts reviewed a set of PubMed articles and labeled them as either describing a drug target for the given virus or not. The same task was given to the automated pipeline and its performance was based on whether it labeled the articles similarly to the human experts. We applied a number of prompt engineering techniques to improve the performance of ChatGPT. RESULTS Our best configuration used GPT-4 by OpenAI and achieved an out-of-sample validation performance with accuracy/F1-score/sensitivity/specificity of 92.87%/88.43%/83.38%/97.82% for SARS-CoV-2 and 87.40%/73.90%/74.72%/91.36% for Nipah. CONCLUSION These results highlight the utility of ChatGPT in drug discovery and development and reveal their potential to enable rapid drug target identification during a pandemic-level health emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Yang
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kenji C Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Boran Hao
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Nahid Bhadelia
- Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases Policy and Research, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Diane Joseph-McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Ch Paschalidis
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America; Faculty of Computing & Data Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Ashraf MM, Ul-Haque I, Sangha NK. Navigating autism treatment: unlocking new frontiers with ChatGPT. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-2. [PMID: 38758121 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2341912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum disorder is a significant neurodevelopmental behavioral disorder. Children with Autism display a wide array of ambiguous symptoms resulting making the diagnosis quite challenging thus resulting in delayed management. Traditionally, its diagnosis and management require the collaboration of services from the three P's namely the pediatrician, psychiatrist, and child psychologist. The management requires an intensive multi-disciplinary approach which would help minimize the disease symptoms and facilitate development and learning during childhood. Recently, with the advent of widespread testing and usage of various artificial intelligence tools across various domains, AI tools such as Chatbots are being incorporated into medical treatments, especially in behavioral therapy. Considering the increasing use of AI, we believe that the natural language processing techniques employed by ChatGPT algorithms have the potential to identify speech and linguistic patterns in children with ASD. Therefore, through this letter, we have tried to explore the scope of Artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) for behavioral therapy in children affected with autism spectrum disorder.
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Gurwitz D, Shomron N. Artificial intelligence utility for drug development: ChatGPT and beyond. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22121. [PMID: 37815084 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Gurwitz
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Edmond J Safra Center for Bioinformatics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Tel Aviv University Innovation Labs (TILabs), Tel Aviv, Israel
- Djerassi Institute of Oncology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Xu X, Chen Y, Miao J. Opportunities, challenges, and future directions of large language models, including ChatGPT in medical education: a systematic scoping review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION FOR HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2024; 21:6. [PMID: 38486402 PMCID: PMC11035906 DOI: 10.3352/jeehp.2024.21.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ChatGPT is a large language model (LLM) based on artificial intelligence (AI) capable of responding in multiple languages and generating nuanced and highly complex responses. While ChatGPT holds promising applications in medical education, its limitations and potential risks cannot be ignored. METHODS A scoping review was conducted for English articles discussing ChatGPT in the context of medical education published after 2022. A literature search was performed using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases, and information was extracted from the relevant studies that were ultimately included. RESULTS ChatGPT exhibits various potential applications in medical education, such as providing personalized learning plans and materials, creating clinical practice simulation scenarios, and assisting in writing articles. However, challenges associated with academic integrity, data accuracy, and potential harm to learning were also highlighted in the literature. The paper emphasizes certain recommendations for using ChatGPT, including the establishment of guidelines. Based on the review, 3 key research areas were proposed: cultivating the ability of medical students to use ChatGPT correctly, integrating ChatGPT into teaching activities and processes, and proposing standards for the use of AI by medical students. CONCLUSION ChatGPT has the potential to transform medical education, but careful consideration is required for its full integration. To harness the full potential of ChatGPT in medical education, attention should not only be given to the capabilities of AI but also to its impact on students and teachers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Xu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixiao Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Miao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Centre for Child Health, Zhejiang, China
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Younis HA, Eisa TAE, Nasser M, Sahib TM, Noor AA, Alyasiri OM, Salisu S, Hayder IM, Younis HA. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Tools in Medicine and Healthcare: Applications, Considerations, Limitations, Motivation and Challenges. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:109. [PMID: 38201418 PMCID: PMC10802884 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in various sectors, including medicine and healthcare. Large language models like ChatGPT showcase AI's potential by generating human-like text through prompts. ChatGPT's adaptability holds promise for reshaping medical practices, improving patient care, and enhancing interactions among healthcare professionals, patients, and data. In pandemic management, ChatGPT rapidly disseminates vital information. It serves as a virtual assistant in surgical consultations, aids dental practices, simplifies medical education, and aids in disease diagnosis. A total of 82 papers were categorised into eight major areas, which are G1: treatment and medicine, G2: buildings and equipment, G3: parts of the human body and areas of the disease, G4: patients, G5: citizens, G6: cellular imaging, radiology, pulse and medical images, G7: doctors and nurses, and G8: tools, devices and administration. Balancing AI's role with human judgment remains a challenge. A systematic literature review using the PRISMA approach explored AI's transformative potential in healthcare, highlighting ChatGPT's versatile applications, limitations, motivation, and challenges. In conclusion, ChatGPT's diverse medical applications demonstrate its potential for innovation, serving as a valuable resource for students, academics, and researchers in healthcare. Additionally, this study serves as a guide, assisting students, academics, and researchers in the field of medicine and healthcare alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A. Younis
- College of Education for Women, University of Basrah, Basrah 61004, Iraq
| | | | - Maged Nasser
- Computer & Information Sciences Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Malaysia;
| | - Thaeer Mueen Sahib
- Kufa Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Kufa 54001, Iraq;
| | - Ameen A. Noor
- Computer Science Department, College of Education, University of Almustansirya, Baghdad 10045, Iraq;
| | | | - Sani Salisu
- Department of Information Technology, Federal University Dutse, Dutse 720101, Nigeria;
| | - Israa M. Hayder
- Qurna Technique Institute, Southern Technical University, Basrah 61016, Iraq;
| | - Hameed AbdulKareem Younis
- Department of Cybersecurity, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Basrah, Basrah 61016, Iraq;
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Peng B, Li Y, Yin J, Ding W, Fazuo W, Xiao Z, Yin H. A bibliometric analysis on discovering anti-quorum sensing agents against clinically relevant pathogens: current status, development, and future directions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1297843. [PMID: 38098670 PMCID: PMC10720721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1297843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Quorum sensing is bacteria's ability to communicate and regulate their behavior based on population density. Anti-quorum sensing agents (anti-QSA) is promising strategy to treat resistant infections, as well as reduce selective pressure that leads to antibiotic resistance of clinically relevant pathogens. This study analyzes the output, hotspots, and trends of research in the field of anti-QSA against clinically relevant pathogens. Methods The literature on anti-QSA from the Web of Science Core Collection database was retrieved and analyzed. Tools such as CiteSpace and Alluvial Generator were used to visualize and interpret the data. Results From 1998 to 2023, the number of publications related to anti-QAS research increased rapidly, with a total of 1,743 articles and reviews published in 558 journals. The United States was the largest contributor and the most influential country, with an H-index of 88, higher than other countries. Williams was the most productive author, and Hoiby N was the most cited author. Frontiers in Microbiology was the most prolific and the most cited journal. Burst detection indicated that the main frontier disciplines shifted from MICROBIOLOGY, CLINICAL, MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, and other biomedicine-related fields to FOOD, MATERIALS, NATURAL PRODUCTS, and MULTIDISCIPLINARY. In the whole research history, the strongest burst keyword was cystic-fibrosis patients, and the strongest burst reference was Lee and Zhang (2015). In the latest period (burst until 2023), the strongest burst keyword was silver nanoparticle, and the strongest burst reference was Whiteley et al. (2017). The co-citation network revealed that the most important interest and research direction was anti-biofilm/anti-virulence drug development, and timeline analysis suggested that this direction is also the most active. The key concepts alluvial flow visualization revealed seven terms with the longest time span and lasting until now, namely Escherichia coli, virulence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, virulence factor, bacterial biofilm, gene expression, quorum sensing. Comprehensive analysis shows that nanomaterials, marine natural products, and artificial intelligence (AI) may become hotspots in the future. Conclusion This bibliometric study reveals the current status and trends of anti-QSA research and may assist researchers in identifying hot topics and exploring new research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanqun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenping Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Fazuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Xiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- Sanya Institute of Ocean Eco-Environmental Engineering, Sanya, China
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Ray PP. Can Generative AI assist pediatric inguinal hernia issues? Hernia 2023:10.1007/s10029-023-02926-5. [PMID: 37938393 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P P Ray
- Department of Computer Applications, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, PO-Tadong, Gangtok, Sikkim, 737102, India.
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Faraji N, Aali S, Motiei M, Sadat Mansouri S. Letter to the Editor: ChatGPT's contribution to cancer study. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023; 149:13495-13500. [PMID: 37462773 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The role of large language models (LLM) in medical and biomedical sciences is remarkable, and chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) as an AI model has the potential to assist in research and clinical practice. While it is essential to recognize that AI models like ChatGPT are tools that should be used with human expertise and judgment, they should argue, rather than replace, the knowledge and experience of healthcare professionals and researchers in the medical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Faraji
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Shahab Aali
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Urology Research Center, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahsa Motiei
- School of Medicine, Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Sahand Sadat Mansouri
- Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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Luo S, Deng L, Chen Y, Zhou W, Canavese F, Li L. Revolutionizing pediatric orthopedics: GPT-4, a groundbreaking innovation or just a fleeting trend? Int J Surg 2023; 109:3694-3697. [PMID: 37737896 PMCID: PMC10651230 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoting Luo
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Linfang Deng
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yufan Chen
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Weizheng Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
| | - Federico Canavese
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Lille University Centre, Jeanne de Flandre Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Lianyong Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang
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Deng L, Zhang Y, Luo S, Xu J. GPT-4 in breast cancer combat: a dazzling leap forward or merely a whim? Int J Surg 2023; 109:3732-3735. [PMID: 37994733 PMCID: PMC10651236 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linfang Deng
- Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Xingtai People’s Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xingtai, Hebei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoting Luo
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning
| | - Jinjiang Xu
- Department of Health Management Center, The First Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou
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Chakraborty C, Pal S, Bhattacharya M, Dash S, Lee SS. Overview of Chatbots with special emphasis on artificial intelligence-enabled ChatGPT in medical science. Front Artif Intell 2023; 6:1237704. [PMID: 38028668 PMCID: PMC10644239 DOI: 10.3389/frai.2023.1237704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of ChatGPT has initiated new thinking about AI-based Chatbot and its application and has drawn huge public attention worldwide. Researchers and doctors have started thinking about the promise and application of AI-related large language models in medicine during the past few months. Here, the comprehensive review highlighted the overview of Chatbot and ChatGPT and their current role in medicine. Firstly, the general idea of Chatbots, their evolution, architecture, and medical use are discussed. Secondly, ChatGPT is discussed with special emphasis of its application in medicine, architecture and training methods, medical diagnosis and treatment, research ethical issues, and a comparison of ChatGPT with other NLP models are illustrated. The article also discussed the limitations and prospects of ChatGPT. In the future, these large language models and ChatGPT will have immense promise in healthcare. However, more research is needed in this direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Pal
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Snehasish Dash
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Institute for Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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Garg RK, Urs VL, Agarwal AA, Chaudhary SK, Paliwal V, Kar SK. Exploring the role of ChatGPT in patient care (diagnosis and treatment) and medical research: A systematic review. Health Promot Perspect 2023; 13:183-191. [PMID: 37808939 PMCID: PMC10558973 DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2023.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence based tool developed by OpenAI (California, USA). This systematic review examines the potential of ChatGPT in patient care and its role in medical research. Methods The systematic review was done according to the PRISMA guidelines. Embase, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar data bases were searched. We also searched preprint data bases. Our search was aimed to identify all kinds of publications, without any restrictions, on ChatGPT and its application in medical research, medical publishing and patient care. We used search term "ChatGPT". We reviewed all kinds of publications including original articles, reviews, editorial/ commentaries, and even letter to the editor. Each selected records were analysed using ChatGPT and responses generated were compiled in a table. The word table was transformed in to a PDF and was further analysed using ChatPDF. Results We reviewed full texts of 118 articles. ChatGPT can assist with patient enquiries, note writing, decision-making, trial enrolment, data management, decision support, research support, and patient education. But the solutions it offers are usually insufficient and contradictory, raising questions about their originality, privacy, correctness, bias, and legality. Due to its lack of human-like qualities, ChatGPT's legitimacy as an author is questioned when used for academic writing. ChatGPT generated contents have concerns with bias and possible plagiarism. Conclusion Although it can help with patient treatment and research, there are issues with accuracy, authorship, and bias. ChatGPT can serve as a "clinical assistant" and be a help in research and scholarly writing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vijeth L Urs
- Department of Neurology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Vimal Paliwal
- Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sujita Kumar Kar
- Department of Psychiatry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India
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