1
|
Masotti S, Piva T, Zerbini V, Raisi A, Menegatti E, Pagani A, Bigoni C, Ballarin E, De Luca F, Zaccagni L, Rinaldo N, Toselli S, Gualdi-Russo E, Argentoni A, Veli A, Mazzoni G, Mandini S. Assessing the Relationship between Body Image Satisfaction and Physical Activity in Italian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Investigation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:818. [PMID: 39062267 PMCID: PMC11276193 DOI: 10.3390/children11070818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body image perception can significantly influence various aspects of adolescent lives. The study analyzed the relationship between body image satisfaction and sports participation in adolescents, examining various factors that contribute to body image concerns and their implications for sports engagement. METHODS A total of 237 schoolchildren were recruited from lower secondary Italian schools. Anthropometric characteristics were measured directly. Assessment of body image perception was performed using Body Silhouette Charts for preadolescent children. The Italian version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents questionnaire was administered to assess physical activity (PA) levels at school and during leisure time in the last 7 days. Analysis of variance was used to test differences in PA levels, while multiple regression models were carried out to assess possible predictors of body dissatisfaction. RESULTS In total, 42.6% of children were not satisfied with their figure and 23.2% were very dissatisfied; among them, the vast majority would have liked to be thinner. The dissatisfaction and satisfaction were similar in boys and girls. The frequency of satisfaction with one's body image was higher in children who practiced extracurricular sports compared to those who did not. The percentage of dissatisfaction with one's body image was similar in the two groups, but the frequency of children being very dissatisfied was double in the group that does not practice extracurricular sport (31.2% vs. 17.7%). Body dissatisfaction increases with increasing body mass index in both genders but decreases in children involved in extracurricular sports. CONCLUSIONS Encouraging teenagers to engage in regular physical activity should be a key component of therapies supporting positive body image. This study found a relationship between extracurricular sports and body image satisfaction, suggesting that physical activity protects teenagers' body image satisfaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Masotti
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Tommaso Piva
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
- PhD Program in Environmental Sustainability and Wellbeing, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Valentina Zerbini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
- PhD Program in Environmental Sustainability and Wellbeing, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Andrea Raisi
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
- PhD Program in Environmental Sustainability and Wellbeing, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Erica Menegatti
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44123 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Anselmo Pagani
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
- PhD Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Costanza Bigoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Elena Ballarin
- Filippo De Pisis Lower Secondary School, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federica De Luca
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Luciana Zaccagni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Natascia Rinaldo
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Stefania Toselli
- Department of Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy;
| | - Emanuela Gualdi-Russo
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Antonio Argentoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Arli Veli
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Gianni Mazzoni
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Simona Mandini
- Center for Exercise Science and Sport, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Prevention, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy (T.P.); (A.R.); (L.Z.); (N.R.); (E.G.-R.); (A.A.); (G.M.); (S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ballarin G, Gallè F, Dinacci L, Liberti F, Cunti A, Valerio G. Self-Perception Profile, Body Image Perception and Satisfaction in Relation to Body Mass Index: An Investigation in a Sample of Adolescents from the Campania Region, Italy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:805. [PMID: 39062254 PMCID: PMC11275176 DOI: 10.3390/children11070805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
(1) Background: Body image dissatisfaction has been commonly reported in adolescents with overweight/obesity and has been related to a lack of motivation to change lifestyle behaviors. Plus, a better perception of physical fitness has been related to a higher self-perception in physical aspect and social items in youths. (2) Methods: A total of 120 (59.2% males, mean age of 12.3 ± 0.9 years) middle-school adolescents participated in the present study. Anthropometric measurements were assessed following the standard procedures. Body weight perception and body image satisfaction were assessed using the Silhouette Figure Body Images Test. Self-perception profile, perceived physical fitness, and perceived difficulties in conducting physical tasks were assessed by using structured questionnaires. (3) Results: Overweight was present in 27.5% adolescents and obesity in 32.5%. A total of 89.7% of adolescents with obesity did not have a real perception of his/her weight status and 84.6% of adolescents with obesity were not satisfied with his/her body image. The self-perception of physical appearance, perceived difficulties in running, perceived overall fitness, and perceived speed/agility were lower in adolescents who were unsatisfied with their body image. Body image satisfaction was positively associated with the self-perception of physical appearance and overall fitness and negatively associated with perceived difficulties in running, independently of sex, age, and BMI. (4) Conclusions: Adolescents with obesity did not have a real perception of their weight status and were unsatisfied with their body image. The positive association between body satisfaction, a better perception of overall fitness, and less difficulties in conducting physical tasks suggests the protective role of the components of physical activity and health-related fitness on body acceptance in a critical period of life.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kunset P, Punsawad C, Petsirasan R, Suwanbamrung C, Shohaimi S, Narkkul U, Noonil N. Unhealthy Dietary Patterns and Their Associations with Sociodemographic Factors as Predictors among Underweight and Overweight Adolescents in Southern Thailand. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6703. [PMID: 37681843 PMCID: PMC10487822 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical developmental phase; dietary intake and nutritional status significantly impact health outcomes. (2) Objective: This cross-sectional study investigated dietary patterns (DPs) and the association between sociodemographic factors and unhealthy DPs among adolescents in Thailand. (3) Methods: A multi-stage sampling selected 1480 participants from three public high schools in Nakhon Si Thammarat province. A food frequency questionnaire assessed dietary habits, and principal component analysis was used to identify DPs. Multinomial logistic regression examined the association between sociodemographic factors and DPs. (4) Results: The findings show that 25.9% of adolescents were underweight, 14.7% were overweight, and 5.8% were obese. Three DPs were identified: a healthy 'protein and vegetables' pattern and two unhealthy patterns: 'snacks' and 'processed foods', which explained 12.49%, 10.37%, and 7.07% of the dietary variance, respectively. Among underweight adolescents, higher snack consumption was associated with being younger (odds ratio (OR) = 3.24) and receiving a higher daily allowance (OR = 3.43). Additionally, female adolescents who engaged in frequent exercise had a 2.15 times higher intake of processed foods. Among overweight adolescents, higher snack intake was linked to being younger (OR = 8.65) and having larger families (OR = 6.37). Moreover, an increased daily allowance was associated with higher consumption of processed foods (OR = 11.47). (5) Conclusion: This study underscores the socio-demographic influence on unhealthy DPs. Insights can guide targeted interventions to foster healthier dietary habits during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pikuntip Kunset
- Excellence Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Chuchard Punsawad
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (C.P.); (U.N.)
| | | | - Charuai Suwanbamrung
- Excellent Center for Dengue and Community Public Health School of Public Health, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Shamarina Shohaimi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Udomsak Narkkul
- Department of Medical Science, School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; (C.P.); (U.N.)
| | - Naiyana Noonil
- Excellence Center of Community Health Promotion, School of Nursing, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dias RG, Rech RR, Halpern R. Prevalence and associated factors of eating disorder symptoms in adolescents: a cross-sectional school-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:393. [PMID: 37268900 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and associated factors in adolescents between 14 and 17 years old. METHODS The data were obtained from a cross-sectional school-based study with 782 adolescents from public schools in Caxias do Sul, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in 2016. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) was used to investigate eating disorder symptoms. The chi-square test and Poisson regression with robust variance were performed to estimate the prevalence ratios and associations between the outcome and the variables of interest. RESULTS The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was around 56.9% among adolescents and more prevalent in females. A significant association was found between eating disorders and female gender, mothers who did not study or had an incomplete elementary school, and body image dissatisfaction. To adolescents dissatisfied with being overweight, the prevalence was more than three times higher than that observed among those who did not report such dissatisfaction. CONCLUSION The presence of eating disorder symptoms was associated with female gender, maternal education, and body image dissatisfaction. The results show the need to identify early signs and symptoms related to changes in eating behavior and non-acceptance of their bodies in a population especially concerned with their physical appearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roges Ghidini Dias
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre; University of Passo Fundo, Porto Alegre/Passo Fundo, Brazil.
| | | | - Ricardo Halpern
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mäkituomas L, Heikkilä L, Nurkkala M, Korpelainen R, Alanko L, Heinonen OJ, Kokko S, Kujala U, Parkkari J, Savonen K, Valtonen M, Vasankari T, Villberg J, Vanhala M. Factors associated with body size perception among adolescent goal-oriented sports participants and non-participants: a cross-sectional Finnish study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2188. [PMID: 36434562 PMCID: PMC9700987 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of competitive athletes' body image pressures, only few studies have focused on adolescent sport participants' body image and the findings are inconclusive. Furthermore, the role of competitive goals in sports on adolescents' body size perception has not been studied. We examined the factors associated with adolescents' competitive goals in sports and body size perception, and the associations between adolescents' competitive goals in sports and body size perception. METHODS The cross-sectional study consisted of 475 goal-oriented sports club participants and 936 reference youths (aged 14-16 years). The study questionnaire included multiple choice items on health behaviours, motives to exercise, competitive goals in sports and body size perception. The multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the associations. RESULTS Adolescents with competitive goals in sports perceived their body size as about the right size more frequently than reference youths (68% vs 47%, p < 0.001 in girls; 74% vs 61%, p < 0.001 in boys). More than one-fourth of girls with competitive goals in sports perceived themselves as overweight, although only 7% of them were overweight. Adolescents with appearance/weight motives to exercise and poor perceived physical fitness had higher odds of perceived fatness. Additionally, BMI was positively associated with perceived fatness and negatively with perceived thinness. Having competitive goals in sports was not independently associated with perceived fatness or perceived thinness. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents' BMI, appearance/weight motives to exercise, and perceived physical fitness were more strongly associated with body size perception than their competitive goals in sports. However, perceived fatness among girls with competitive goals in sports should be considered in organized sports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leevi Mäkituomas
- grid.417779.b0000 0004 0450 4652Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P.O. Box 365, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura Heikkilä
- grid.417779.b0000 0004 0450 4652Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P.O. Box 365, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjukka Nurkkala
- grid.417779.b0000 0004 0450 4652Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P.O. Box 365, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- grid.417779.b0000 0004 0450 4652Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P.O. Box 365, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lauri Alanko
- Sports Medicine Clinic, Foundation for Sports and Exercise Clinic, Mäkelänkatu 47, FI-00550 Helsinki, Finland ,Sports and Exercise Medicine Clinic, Central Finland Hospital Nova, Hoitajantie 3, FI-40620 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Olli J. Heinonen
- grid.1374.10000 0001 2097 1371Paavo Nurmi Centre & Unit for Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sami Kokko
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho Kujala
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jari Parkkari
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland ,Tampere Research Center of Sports Medicine, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500 Tampere, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- grid.419013.eKuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Haapaniementie 16, FI-70100 Kuopio, Finland ,grid.410705.70000 0004 0628 207XDepartment of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029 KYS, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maarit Valtonen
- grid.419101.c0000 0004 7442 5933Research Institute for Olympic Sports, Rautpohjankatu 6, FI-40700 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- grid.415179.f0000 0001 0868 5401UKK Institute of Health Promotion Research, Kaupinpuistonkatu 1, FI-33500 Tampere, Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Kalevantie 4, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
| | - Jari Villberg
- grid.9681.60000 0001 1013 7965Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Marja Vanhala
- grid.417779.b0000 0004 0450 4652Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., P.O. Box 365, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland ,grid.10858.340000 0001 0941 4873Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, P.O. Box 8000, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gualdi-Russo E, Rinaldo N, Zaccagni L. Physical Activity and Body Image Perception in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192013190. [PMID: 36293770 PMCID: PMC9603811 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Collapse
|
7
|
Bang KS, Jang SY, Choe JH. Factors Affecting High-Risk for Diabetes among Korean Adolescents: An Analysis Using the Eighth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2020). CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9081249. [PMID: 36010139 PMCID: PMC9406423 DOI: 10.3390/children9081249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify significant factors affecting diabetes and pre-diabetes in South Korean adolescents, including adolescents’ and parental factors. We used data on 416 Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years and their parents (302 fathers and 375 mothers) from the eighth National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey gained in 2020. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, Rao–Scott χ2 test, and univariate logistic regression using complex sample analysis. Among the participants, 101 adolescents (22.7%) were classified as the high-risk group for diabetes. Significant factors affecting the risk for adolescent diabetes in both sexes were higher BMI, fasting plasma glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and insulin. The father’s high degree of stress perception was only related to male adolescents, and the father’s poor subjective health status was related to females at risk for diabetes. In mothers, physician-diagnosed diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were factors affecting both sexes. Results from this study can be used as preliminary data for the early detection of high-risk groups for diabetes in adolescents, and for the development of systematic health care guidelines to prevent diabetes in adolescents.
Collapse
|
8
|
Modrzejewska A, Czepczor-Bernat K, Modrzejewska J, Roszkowska A, Zembura M, Matusik P. #childhoodobesity - A brief literature review of the role of social media in body image shaping and eating patterns among children and adolescents. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:993460. [PMID: 36105854 PMCID: PMC9464829 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.993460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Children's food preferences are closely related to their parents' food preferences and knowledge of food is linked to what their parents share with them. Parents, however, are not the only people who model such behavior. Paradoxically, the ubiquitous technological development can also pose a huge threat. In developed countries, 94% of teenagers use social media platforms such as: Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, or TikTok, and this also applies to children. It can therefore be argued that parents' nutritional preferences and behavior are related to the same behaviors of children and there is an extensive literature on this subject. It is therefore important to check how other factors - new technology (and social media in particular) - can influence changes in this area. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO in December 2021. After applying all the filters and verification of relevance in terms of the research on the topic of interest to us, 4 articles related to research on body image and social media and 4 articles related to research on food choices and social media among children and adolescents were obtained. The conducted analysis showed that various studies so far indicate that social media can have a very strong influence on the development of eating patterns and body image in children and adolescents, which in turn may be one of the risk factors for developing obesity when promoted behaviors are not associated with a healthy lifestyle. It is also worth pointing out that social media can be used as a resource in the prevention and treatment of obesity. A closer look at this topic seems to be particularly important due to the fact that, among adults, social media is not only a very important source of information about lifestyle, but also a source of social support when people attempting to lose weight. Therefore, by increasing preventive activity in social media and using modern solutions related to social media (including the use of hashtag signs), we can have a greater impact on the health awareness of children and adolescents around the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Modrzejewska
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Marcela Zembura
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Paweł Matusik
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Obesity and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|