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Zoghi S, Sadeghpour Heravi F, Nikniaz Z, Shirmohamadi M, Moaddab SY, Ebrahimzadeh Leylabadlo H. Gut microbiota and childhood malnutrition: Understanding the link and exploring therapeutic interventions. Eng Life Sci 2024; 24:2300070. [PMID: 38708416 PMCID: PMC11065333 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202300070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Childhood malnutrition is a metabolic condition that affects the physical and mental well-being of children and leads to resultant disorders in maturity. The development of childhood malnutrition is influenced by a number of physiological and environmental factors including metabolic stress, infections, diet, genetic variables, and gut microbiota. The imbalanced gut microbiota is one of the main environmental risk factors that significantly influence host physiology and childhood malnutrition progression. In this review, we have evaluated the gut microbiota association with undernutrition and overnutrition in children, and then the quantitative and qualitative significance of gut dysbiosis in order to reveal the impact of gut microbiota modification using probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and engineering biology methods as new therapeutic challenges in the management of disturbed energy homeostasis. Understanding the host-microbiota interaction and the remote regulation of other organs and pathways by gut microbiota can improve the effectiveness of new therapeutic approaches and mitigate the negative consequences of childhood malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevda Zoghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | | | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
| | - Seyed Yaghoub Moaddab
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research CenterTabriz University of Medical SciencesTabrizIran
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Velasquez-Mieyer PA, Nieto-Martinez R, Neira CP, De Oliveira-Gomes D, Velasquez Rodriguez AE, Ugel E, Cowan PA. Relative Body Mass Index Improves the BMI Percentile Performance for Detection and Monitoring of Excess Adiposity in Adolescents. Nutrients 2024; 16:703. [PMID: 38474830 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as excess adipose tissue; however, commonly used methods may under-detect adiposity in adolescents. This study compared the performance of body mass index percentile (BMI%) and relative body mass index (RBMI) in identifying excess body fat percentage (BF%) and estimated RBMI cut points to better stratify severity of adiposity. In 567 adolescents ages 11-19 year, BF% measured by DXA was used to compare BMI% and RBMI performance at different degrees of adiposity. RBMI cut points for adiposity detection were derived via ROC curve analysis. BF% was strongly correlated with BMI% (r = 0.889, p < 0.001) and RBMI (r = 0.901, p < 0.001). However, RBMI exhibited less dispersion and better discriminated the relationship with BF% independent of age, race, and gender. Both BMI% and RBMI performed similarly for detecting high BF% (≥25 BF% in males; ≥30 BF% in females). Nonetheless, the relationship of BMI% with BF% was diminished among leaner adolescents. RBMI detected overweight in 21.3% more females and 14.2% more males. RBMI improved the detection of excess adiposity in individuals otherwise classified as having normal weight or overweight by BMI%. RBMI is a valuable and accessible tool for earlier detection, intervention, and effective follow-up of excess adiposity in youth at higher risk for complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro A Velasquez-Mieyer
- Lifedoc Health, 6625 Lenox Park Drive, Suite 205, Memphis, TN 38115, USA
- Lifedoc Research, 6625 Lenox Park Drive, Suite 205, Memphis, TN 38115, USA
| | - Ramfis Nieto-Martinez
- Lifedoc Health, 6625 Lenox Park Drive, Suite 205, Memphis, TN 38115, USA
- Departments of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Claudia P Neira
- Lifedoc Health, 6625 Lenox Park Drive, Suite 205, Memphis, TN 38115, USA
- Lifedoc Research, 6625 Lenox Park Drive, Suite 205, Memphis, TN 38115, USA
| | - Diana De Oliveira-Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | | | - Eunice Ugel
- Departments of Global Health and Population and Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patricia A Cowan
- College of Nursing, University of Arkansas for Medical Science, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Singh A, Kinnebrew G, Hsu PC, Weng DY, Song MA, Reisinger SA, McElroy JP, Keller-Hamilton B, Ferketich AK, Freudenheim JL, Shields PG. Untargeted Metabolomics and Body Mass in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analysis. Metabolites 2023; 13:899. [PMID: 37623843 PMCID: PMC10456720 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity in children and adolescents has increased globally. Increased body mass index (BMI) during adolescence carries significant long-term adverse health outcomes, including chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Little is known about the metabolic consequences of changes in BMI in adolescents outside of typical clinical parameters. Here, we used untargeted metabolomics to assess changing BMI in male adolescents. Untargeted metabolomic profiling was performed on urine samples from 360 adolescents using UPLC-QTOF-MS. The study includes a baseline of 235 subjects in a discovery set and 125 subjects in a validation set. Of them, a follow-up of 81 subjects (1 year later) as a replication set was studied. Linear regression analysis models were used to estimate the associations of metabolic features with BMI z-score in the discovery and validation sets, after adjusting for age, race, and total energy intake (kcal) at false-discovery-rate correction (FDR) ≤ 0.1. We identified 221 and 16 significant metabolic features in the discovery and in the validation set, respectively. The metabolites associated with BMI z-score in validation sets are glycylproline, citrulline, 4-vinylsyringol, 3'-sialyllactose, estrone sulfate, carnosine, formiminoglutamic acid, 4-hydroxyproline, hydroxyprolyl-asparagine, 2-hexenoylcarnitine, L-glutamine, inosine, N-(2-Hydroxyphenyl) acetamide glucuronide, and galactosylhydroxylysine. Of those 16 features, 9 significant metabolic features were associated with a positive change in BMI in the replication set 1 year later. Histidine and arginine metabolism were the most affected metabolic pathways. Our findings suggest that obesity and its metabolic outcomes in the urine metabolome of children are linked to altered amino acids, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism. These identified metabolites may serve as biomarkers and aid in the investigation of obesity's underlying pathological mechanisms. Whether these features are associated with the development of obesity, or a consequence of changing BMI, requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Singh
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (A.S.); (D.Y.W.)
| | - Garrett Kinnebrew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biomedical Informatics Shared Resources (BISR), The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA;
| | - Ping-Ching Hsu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Daniel Y. Weng
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (A.S.); (D.Y.W.)
| | - Min-Ae Song
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (M.-A.S.); (A.K.F.)
| | - Sarah A. Reisinger
- Center for Tobacco Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (S.A.R.); (B.K.-H.)
| | - Joseph P. McElroy
- Center for Biostatistics, Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA;
| | - Brittney Keller-Hamilton
- Center for Tobacco Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (S.A.R.); (B.K.-H.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA
| | - Amy K. Ferketich
- College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (M.-A.S.); (A.K.F.)
| | - Jo L. Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA;
| | - Peter G. Shields
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1240, USA; (A.S.); (D.Y.W.)
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Semánová C, Szőllősi GJ, Ilyés I, Cardon G, Latomme J, Iotova V, Bazdarska Y, Lindström J, Wikström K, Herrmann S, Schwarz P, Karaglani E, Manios Y, Makrilakis K, Moreno L, González-Gil EM, Rurik I. Differences in Anthropometric Parameters of Children in Six European Countries. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:983. [PMID: 37371214 DOI: 10.3390/children10060983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The databases of children's anthropometric parameters are often outdated, rarely representative and are not always available at an international level. OBJECTIVES To present children's anthropometric parameters in six European countries that contributed to the Feel4Diabetes project and find country-specific differences. DESIGN/SETTING The Feel4Diabetes study was performed between 2016 and 2018, targeting children in Belgium, Bulgaria, Finland, Greece, Hungary and Spain. The current study presents data from the baseline and the yearly follow-up anthropometric measurements. SUBJECTS In total, 20,832 measurements of children (48.7% boys) between 6 and 10 years of age were conducted. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE weight, height, BMI. RESULTS Belgian boys had the lowest body weight and height, while Greek boys had the highest body weight, and Finnish had the highest body height. The highest proportion of overweight (percentile above 85%) and obese boys (percentile above 95%) was in Greece, followed by Hungarian, Spanish, Bulgarian and Finnish boys. In contrast, Belgian boys had the lowest ratio in both categories. Among girls, Greece had the highest; Belgium had the lowest body weight; Finland was the highest in all age categories. The ratio in the overweight range was the highest in Greece, followed by Spanish, Bulgarian and Hungarian girls, who were second in the obese category. Finnish girls had lower and Belgian girls had the lowest ratio in both BMI categories. All the detailed data are presented in tables, and the trends are figures. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents fresh and comparable anthropometric data of children between 6 and 10 years of age in six European countries, supporting the need for appropriate obesity prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Semánová
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő J Szőllősi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Health Informatics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Ilyés
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Latomme
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Yuliya Bazdarska
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organization, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Wikström
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sandra Herrmann
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute, Dresden of Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 40225 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute, Dresden of Helmholtz Zentrum München, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, 40225 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece
| | - Konsantinos Makrilakis
- First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University, Laiko General Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Luis Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- IBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD), Research Group, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- IBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain
| | - Imre Rurik
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Hungarian Society of Nutrition, 4002 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Family Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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Lee B, Kwon CY. Comparative Effectiveness of East Asian Traditional Medicine for Childhood Simple Obesity: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192012994. [PMID: 36293575 PMCID: PMC9602315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192012994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity leads to various comorbidities and usually persists into adulthood, increasing socioeconomic burden. In the absence of a clearly effective treatment, East Asian traditional medicine (EATM) therapies have been widely used. We aimed to analyze the comparative effectiveness and safety of EATM techniques for children with simple obesity through network meta-analysis (NMA). Twelve databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of EATMs on childhood simple obesity. Individual EATMs were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. The risk of bias in the individual studies and publication bias in the NMA were evaluated. Thirty-three RCTs were included. Acupuncture, chuna, chuna plus acupressure, cupping plus acupressure, herbal medicine (HM), and HM plus acupuncture significantly reduced BMI compared with lifestyle management. Based on the treatment ranking, cupping plus acupressure was optimal for BMI reduction compared with a non-medical management, followed by chuna and HM. The quality of evidence for individual findings was usually moderate to low, and no serious adverse events of EATM were reported. Cupping plus acupressure might have a large beneficial effect, and chuna or HM probably have a moderate beneficial effect on reducing BMI in children with simple obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boram Lee
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Chan-Young Kwon
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
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Ługowska K, Kolanowski W. The Impact of Physical Activity at School on Body Fat Content in School-Aged Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12514. [PMID: 36231816 PMCID: PMC9564525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Excessive amounts of adipose tissue is a health risk. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of increased physical activity (PA) at school on body fat content in children aged 10 to 12 years over a 2-year follow-up. (2) Methods: Children born in 2007 (n = 245) in two groups, (1) standard PA and (2) increased PA at school, 4 and 10 h of physical education lessons per week, respectively. BIA measurements of body fat content were taken twice a year. Results were interpreted based on children's fat content reference curves. (3) Results: During 2 years of observation, the percentage of children with excessive fat mass (overweight and obese) increased by one-third (from 28.11% to 39.67%) in the group of standard PA, while decreased by one-third in the increased PA one (from 28.92% to 21.00%); with normal fat content increased by one-quarter in the increased PA group (from 59.86% to 76.26%) and decreased by one-tenth in the standard PA one (from 61.61% to 56.29%). (4) Conclusions: An increase in PA at school has a positive impact on children's body fat content. It is recommended to increase the number of physical education lessons at school, which has a positive effect on children's health, reducing the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Ługowska
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Siedlce University, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kolanowski
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-400 Lublin, Poland
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