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Zhang MM, Sha HC, Xue HR, Qin YF, Song XG, Li Y, Li Y, Deng ZW, Gao YL, Dong FF, Lyu Y, Yan XP. Novel magnetic compression technique for the treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis in rectal cancer: A case report. World J Gastrointest Surg 2024; 16:1926-1932. [DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v16.i6.1926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis after excision of rectal cancer is challenging. Endoscopic balloon dilation and radial incision are not effective in all patients. We present a new endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression technique (MCT) for the treatment of rectal anastomotic stenosis. We successfully applied this MCT to a patient who developed an anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer.
CASE SUMMARY A 50-year-old man had undergone laparoscopic radical rectal cancer surgery at a local hospital 5 months ago. A colonoscopy performed 2 months ago indicated that the rectal anastomosis was narrow due to which ileostomy closure could not be performed. The patient came to the Magnetic Surgery Clinic of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University after learning that we had successfully treated patients with colorectal stenosis using MCT. We performed endoscopy-assisted magnetic compression surgery for rectal stenosis. The magnets were removed 16 d later. A follow-up colonoscopy performed after 4 months showed good anastomotic patency, following which, ileostomy closure surgery was performed.
CONCLUSION MCT is a simple, non-invasive technique for the treatment of anastomotic stricture after radical resection of rectal cancer. The technique can be widely used in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Chen Sha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Rong Xue
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Fa Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zheng-Wu Deng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Lin Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fang-Fang Dong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Zhang MM, Sha HC, Qin YF, Lyu Y, Yan XP. Y-Z deformable magnetic ring for the treatment of rectal stricture: A case report and review of literature. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:599-606. [PMID: 38463020 PMCID: PMC10921145 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i6.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of postoperative anastomotic stenosis for colorectal cancer is often challenging, especially for patients who do not respond well to endoscopy. In cases where patients have undergone an enterostomy, the stenosis can be easily resolved through magnetic compression. However, common magnetic compression techniques cannot be performed on those without enterostomy. We designed a novel Y-Z deformable magnetic ring (Y-Z DMR) and successfully applied it to a patient with a stenosis rectal anastomosis and without enterostomy after rectal cancer surgery. CASE SUMMARY We here report the case of a 57-year-old woman who had undergone a laparoscopic radical rectum resection (Dixon) for rectal cancer. However, she started facing difficulty in defecation 6 months after surgery. Her colonoscopy indicated stenosis of the rectal anastomosis. Endoscopic balloon dilation was performed six times on her. However, the stenosis still showed a trend of gradual aggravation. Because the patient did not undergo an enterostomy, the conventional endoscopic magnetic compression technique could not be performed. Hence, we implemented a Y-Z DMR implemented through the anus under single channel. The magnetic ring fell off nine days after the operation and the rectal stenosis was relieved. The patient was followed up for six months and reported good defecation. CONCLUSION The Y-Z DMR deformable magnetic ring is an excellent treatment strategy for patients with rectal stenosis and without enterostomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao-Miao Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huan-Chen Sha
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuan-Fa Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
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Reich C, Weigl E, Holler AS, Lee W, Harrison M, Muensterer OJ. Repair of complex esophageal atresia with tracheobronchial remnant using special magnets. European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2024; 12:e33-e37. [PMID: 38312432 PMCID: PMC10837038 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal atresia (EA) repair can be complicated by associated malformations such as a tracheobronchial remnant in the distal esophagus. We describe our experience with a patient found to have long-gap EA with a distal cartilaginous ring who was managed using a combination of esophageal lengthening and magnetic compression anastomosis. A 5-month-old girl was referred to us from an outside hospital with type C EA including a very high upper pouch. She had undergone a prior thoracotomy with fistula ligation during which a clip was placed on the lower esophagus, leaving a 2-cm diverticulum on the trachea and a short lower esophageal pouch. Upon endoscopic evaluation at our center, we found a tracheobronchial remnant in the lower esophagus between the clip and the carina. An open thoracotomy was performed to approximate the esophageal pouches and a magnet anchor (Connect EA, Myka Laboratories, San Francisco, California, United States) was placed retrograde through the distal esophageal cartilaginous ring into the lower pouch. On postoperative day 8, after adequate growth and decreased pouch tension, a second magnetic anchor was placed endoscopically to the upper pouch to mate with the previously placed lower pouch anchor. The anastomosis formed within 14 days. Due to the tracheobronchial remnant, the device did not pass distally and was removed endoscopically. On postoperative day 8, balloon dilation of the anastomosis and tracheobronchial remnant was performed. Subsequently, the patient required a total of 6 dilations in an 18-month follow-up. This case report illustrates the utility of using magnets to create an esophageal anastomosis in complex cases of EA with concomitant esophageal malformations. The parents of the patient gave their written consent to publish this technical report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Reich
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Munich University Hospital Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Elena Weigl
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Munich University Hospital Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Holler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Munich University Hospital Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - William Lee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Michael Harrison
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Munich University Hospital Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, Munchen, Bavaria, Germany
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Zhang HK, Li XQ, Song HX, Liu SQ, Wang FH, Wen J, Xiao M, Yang AP, Duan XF, Gao ZZ, Hu KL, Zhang W, Lv Y, Zhou XH, Cao ZJ. Primary repair of esophageal atresia Gross type C via thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis: A case report. World J Gastrointest Surg 2023; 15:2919-2925. [PMID: 38222016 PMCID: PMC10784821 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v15.i12.2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal atresia (EA) is a life-threatening congenital malformation in newborns, and the traditional repair approaches pose technical challenges and are extremely invasive. Therefore, surgeons have been actively investigating new minimally invasive techniques to address this issue. Magnetic compression anastomosis has been reported in several studies for its potential in repairing EA. In this paper, the primary repair of EA with magnetic compression anastomosis under thoracoscopy was reported.
CASE SUMMARY A full-term male weighing 3500 g was diagnosed with EA Gross type C. The magnetic devices used in this procedure consisted of two magnetic rings and several catheters. Tracheoesophageal fistula ligation and two purse strings were performed. The magnetic compression anastomosis was then completed thoracoscopically. After the primary repair, no additional operation was conducted. A patent anastomosis was observed on the 15th day postoperatively, and the magnets were removed on the 23rd day. No leakage existed when the transoral feeding started.
CONCLUSION Thoracoscopic magnetic compression anastomosis may be a promising minimally invasive approach for repairing EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ke Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xiao-Quan Li
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Hong-Xia Song
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Qi Liu
- Department of Neonatal Surgery, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an 710003, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Fang-Hui Wang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Jian Wen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Mi Xiao
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - A-Ping Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xu-Feng Duan
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Kai-Lun Hu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xi-Hui Zhou
- Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Cao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, Shannxi Province, China
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Krishnan N, Pakkasjärvi N, Kainth D, Danielson J, Verma A, Yadav DK, Goel P, Anand S. Role of Magnetic Compression Anastomosis in Long-Gap Esophageal Atresia: A Systematic Review. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2023; 33:1223-1230. [PMID: 37603306 DOI: 10.1089/lap.2023.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) is an alternative technique for patients with long-gap esophageal atresia (EA). It allows for preservation of the native esophagus. We aimed to systematically summarize the current literature on MCA in EA. Methods: Studies where neonates with EA were treated with MCA devices were included, while studies on esophageal stenosis were excluded. All clinical studies, including comparative studies, case series, and case reports, were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality assessment was performed using a validated tool. Results: Twelve studies with a total of 42 patients were included in this review. There was a wide variation among these studies with regard to the time of initiation of MCA (1 day to 7 months), procedure time (13-320 minutes), and magnet characteristics (strength, size, and shape of the magnets used). The time to achieve anastomosis ranged from 1 to 12 days. Stricture at the anastomotic site was reported in almost all the patients, which required multiple endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Stent placement for refractory stricture was required in 9 (21%) patients, and surgery for stricture was required in 6 (14%) patients. Long-term outcomes included esophageal dysmotility (n = 3) and recurrent pulmonary infections (n = 3) were reported in only four studies. Conclusion: As per the findings of this review, neonates with long-gap EA undergoing MCA would invariably require multiple sittings of endoscopic dilatations (median no. of dilatations/patient = 9.8). Also, there is a wide variation among the included studies in terms of the procedure of MCA. Future studies with a standardized procedure for achieving MCA are needed to determine additional outcomes in this fragile patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nellai Krishnan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Niklas Pakkasjärvi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Deepika Kainth
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Johan Danielson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Children's Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ajay Verma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Devendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabudh Goel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sachit Anand
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Mascagni P, Tringali A, Boškoski I, Bove V, Schepis T, Perri V, Costamagna G. Magnetic kissing for the endoscopic treatment of a complete iatrogenic stenosis of the hypopharynx. Endoscopy 2023; 55:E499-E500. [PMID: 36894138 PMCID: PMC9998230 DOI: 10.1055/a-2029-6340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Mascagni
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Institute of Image-Guided Surgery, IHU-Strasbourg, France
| | - Andrea Tringali
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ivo Boškoski
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Bove
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schepis
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Perri
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Costamagna
- Endoscopia Digestiva Chirurgica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Kotlovsky AM, Muensterer OJ, Nikolaev VV, Razumovskiy AY. Magnetic Compression Anastomosis-Past Experience and Current Proposals for Further Development in Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1328. [PMID: 37628327 PMCID: PMC10453638 DOI: 10.3390/children10081328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Originating in the 1970s, magnetic compression anastomosis (MCA) has lately been revisited with a focus on minimal invasive surgery (MIS). The aim of this report is to reappraise our earlier experience with MCA with the intention of facilitating future MCA advancement. A retrospective review was conducted regarding preclinical experiments and clinical trials at a single institution from 1980 to 1995. The reviewed information was compiled and appraised to generate proposals for future MCA use. The experimental studies, including 250 MCA cases in gastrointestinal and urinary tract animal models, demonstrated the technical versatility of MCA as well as the superior biomechanical characteristics in comparison to hand-sewn anastomoses. Clinical trials encompassed 87 MCA procedures in 86 children, 2 to 10 years of age, involving the following techniques: non-operative esophageal recanalization (n = 15), non-operative ileostomy undiversion (n = 46), Swenson pull-through (n = 10), non-operative urethral recanalization (n = 5), and extravesical ureterocystoneostomy (n = 11). Clinical MCA was found to be successful in over 87% of cases. MCA limitations concerning anastomotic failure and scarring were thought to be mostly due to inadequate magnetic compression. Based on our historic experience, we propose further research on the technical aspects of MCA, along with the biological aspects of anastomotic tissue remodeling. Magnets should be designed and manufactured for a wide spectrum of pediatric surgical indications, particularly in combination with novel MIS techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatole M. Kotlovsky
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Medical Center, Lindwurmstrasse, 480337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Oliver J. Muensterer
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Medical Center, Lindwurmstrasse, 480337 Munich, Germany;
| | - Vasily V. Nikolaev
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Children’s Hospital, Leninsky Prosp 117, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.N.); (A.Y.R.)
| | - Alexander Y. Razumovskiy
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Children’s Hospital, Leninsky Prosp 117, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (V.V.N.); (A.Y.R.)
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Filatov Children’s Clinical Hospital, Ulitsa Sadovo-Kudrinskay 13, 123001 Moscow, Russia
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Durkin N, De Coppi P. Management of neonates with oesophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula. Early Hum Dev 2022; 174:105681. [PMID: 36242842 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2022.105681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Durkin
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, Developmental Biology and Cancer, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Great Ormond Street Hospital, NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.
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Azzam A, Sekaran P, Folaranmi SE. A very challenging scenario of 52 ingested toy magnets causing multiple entero-enteric fistulas in a year-old child. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.epsc.2022.102507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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