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Kawala-Sterniuk A, Browarska N, Al-Bakri A, Pelc M, Zygarlicki J, Sidikova M, Martinek R, Gorzelanczyk EJ. Summary of over Fifty Years with Brain-Computer Interfaces-A Review. Brain Sci 2021; 11:43. [PMID: 33401571 PMCID: PMC7824107 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the Brain-Computer Interfaces have been gradually making their way to the epicenter of scientific interest. Many scientists from all around the world have contributed to the state of the art in this scientific domain by developing numerous tools and methods for brain signal acquisition and processing. Such a spectacular progress would not be achievable without accompanying technological development to equip the researchers with the proper devices providing what is absolutely necessary for any kind of discovery as the core of every analysis: the data reflecting the brain activity. The common effort has resulted in pushing the whole domain to the point where the communication between a human being and the external world through BCI interfaces is no longer science fiction but nowadays reality. In this work we present the most relevant aspects of the BCIs and all the milestones that have been made over nearly 50-year history of this research domain. We mention people who were pioneers in this area as well as we highlight all the technological and methodological advances that have transformed something available and understandable by a very few into something that has a potential to be a breathtaking change for so many. Aiming to fully understand how the human brain works is a very ambitious goal and it will surely take time to succeed. However, even that fraction of what has already been determined is sufficient e.g., to allow impaired people to regain control on their lives and significantly improve its quality. The more is discovered in this domain, the more benefit for all of us this can potentially bring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kawala-Sterniuk
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Natalia Browarska
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Amir Al-Bakri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Babylon, 51001 Babylon, Iraq;
| | - Mariusz Pelc
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
| | - Jaroslaw Zygarlicki
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, Poland; (N.B.); (M.P.); (J.Z.)
| | - Michaela Sidikova
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University Ostrava—FEECS, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Radek Martinek
- Department of Cybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, VSB-Technical University Ostrava—FEECS, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Edward Jacek Gorzelanczyk
- Department of Theoretical Basis of BioMedical Sciences and Medical Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Institute of Philosophy, Kazimierz Wielki University, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Babinski Specialist Psychiatric Healthcare Center, Outpatient Addiction Treatment, 91-229 Lodz, Poland
- The Society for the Substitution Treatment of Addiction “Medically Assisted Recovery”, 85-791 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Fernández-Rodríguez Á, Ron-Angevin R, Sanz-Arigita EJ, Parize A, Esquirol J, Perrier A, Laur S, André JM, Lespinet-Najib V, Garcia L. Effect of Distracting Background Speech in an Auditory Brain-Computer Interface. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11010039. [PMID: 33401410 PMCID: PMC7823829 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies so far have analyzed the effect of distractor stimuli in different types of brain-computer interface (BCI). However, the effect of a background speech has not been studied using an auditory event-related potential (ERP-BCI), a convenient option when the visual path cannot be adopted by users. Thus, the aim of the present work is to examine the impact of a background speech on selection performance and user workload in auditory BCI systems. Eleven participants tested three conditions: (i) auditory BCI control condition, (ii) auditory BCI with a background speech to ignore (non-attentional condition), and (iii) auditory BCI while the user has to pay attention to the background speech (attentional condition). The results demonstrated that, despite no significant differences in performance, shared attention to auditory BCI and background speech required a higher cognitive workload. In addition, the P300 target stimuli in the non-attentional condition were significantly higher than those in the attentional condition for several channels. The non-attentional condition was the only condition that showed significant differences in the amplitude of the P300 between target and non-target stimuli. The present study indicates that background speech, especially when it is attended to, is an important interference that should be avoided while using an auditory BCI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Ron-Angevin
- UMA-BCI Group, Departamento de Tecnología Electrónica, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ernesto J. Sanz-Arigita
- Neuro and Aging and Human Cognition, INCIA-UMR 5287-CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France;
| | - Antoine Parize
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Juliette Esquirol
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Alban Perrier
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Simon Laur
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Jean-Marc André
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Véronique Lespinet-Najib
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
| | - Liliana Garcia
- Laboratoire IMS, CNRS UMR 5218, Cognitive Team, Bordeaux INP-ENSC, 33400 Talence, France; (A.P.); (J.E.); (A.P.); (S.L.); (J.M.-A.); (V.L.-N.); (L.G.)
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