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Kumar Nelson V, Jha NK, Nuli MV, Gupta S, Kanna S, Gahtani RM, Hani U, Singh AK, Abomughaid MM, Abomughayedh AM, Almutary AG, Iqbal D, Al Othaim A, Begum SS, Ahmad F, Mishra PC, Jha SK, Ojha S. Unveiling the impact of aging on BBB and Alzheimer's disease: Factors and therapeutic implications. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102224. [PMID: 38346505 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a highly prevalent neurodegenerative condition that has devastating effects on individuals, often resulting in dementia. AD is primarily defined by the presence of extracellular plaques containing insoluble β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein (P-tau). In addition, individuals afflicted by these age-related illnesses experience a diminished state of health, which places significant financial strain on their loved ones. Several risk factors play a significant role in the development of AD. These factors include genetics, diet, smoking, certain diseases (such as cerebrovascular diseases, obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia), age, and alcohol consumption. Age-related factors are key contributors to the development of vascular-based neurodegenerative diseases such as AD. In general, the process of aging can lead to changes in the immune system's responses and can also initiate inflammation in the brain. The chronic inflammation and the inflammatory mediators found in the brain play a crucial role in the dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, maintaining BBB integrity is of utmost importance in preventing a wide range of neurological disorders. Therefore, in this review, we discussed the role of age and its related factors in the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and the development of AD. We also discussed the importance of different compounds, such as those with anti-aging properties, and other compounds that can help maintain the integrity of the blood-brain barrier in the prevention of AD. This review builds a strong correlation between age-related factors, degradation of the BBB, and its impact on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Nelson
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Centre of Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Mohana Vamsi Nuli
- Raghavendra Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Anantapur, India
| | - Saurabh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Kanna
- Department of pharmaceutics, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chalapathi Nagar, Guntur 522034, India
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Departement of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umme Hani
- Department of pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mosleh Mohammad Abomughaid
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali M Abomughayedh
- Pharmacy Department, Aseer Central Hospital, Ministry of Health, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed G Almutary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, P.O. Box 59911, United Arab Emirates
| | - Danish Iqbal
- Department of Health Information Management, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 51418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayoub Al Othaim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Sabarunisha Begum
- Department of Biotechnology, P.S.R. Engineering College, Sivakasi 626140, India
| | - Fuzail Ahmad
- Respiratory Care Department, College of Applied Sciences, Almaarefa University, Diriya, Riyadh, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prabhu Chandra Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Zoology, Kalindi College, University of Delhi, 110008, India.
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Rathaur A, Rai DC, Yadav AK, Upadhyay PK, Patel V, Singh UP. Growth performance, meat quality and hematological parameters of broiler chickens fed safflower seed. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:89. [PMID: 38411734 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03927-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of safflower seed (SS) on the growth performance and hematological parameters of broiler birds along with the physicochemical, textural and sensory attributes of chicken meat. A total of 200 male chickens (7-days-old) were distributed into 5 groups (40 chickens in each) with 5 replicates of 8 chicks in a 42-day experiment. Each group was allocated to one of 5 dietary treatments, i.e., 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10% SS. The experimental diets were formulated for starter (7 to 21 days) and finisher (22 to 42 days) phases. Inclusion of SS in the diet improved growth performances in treatment groups between 7 and 42 days. The highest and lowest body weights were observed at the 5% SS and 0% SS levels, respectively. The physicochemical attributes of breast and thigh meat were found (P > 0.05) except for crude fat. The crude fat was significantly (P < 0.05) increased with increasing levels of SS in the diet. The inclusion of SS in the diet did not negatively impact the textural properties, i.e., hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, chewiness, and shear force of breast and thigh meat. There was no significant difference in the sensory parameters of cooked chicken meat with increasing levels of SS in the diet. The results demonstrated a significant (P < 0.01) improvement in hematological parameters in the blood samples of broiler chickens fed diet supplemented with various levels of SS for five weeks. These findings suggest that, SS may be used as an oil seed for broiler chicken feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Rathaur
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| | - Dinesh Chandra Rai
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Yadav
- Department of Food Technology, Rajiv Gandhi University, Doimukh, 791112, India
| | - Pankaj Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of A.H. & Dairying, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, 208002, India
| | - Vikas Patel
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Uday Pratap Singh
- Department of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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Silva BNP, Masetto TE, Zanzi JVS, Souza LCF. Regulation of dormancy break and germination of safflower seeds: the role of GA3, light and cold temperatures. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e270354. [PMID: 37820205 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.270354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The safflower crop is considered a great alternative for crop rotation since drought tolerance and low production cost are attractive for its choice. However, safflower seeds show dormancy soon after dispersal from the mother plant, making it difficult to successfully establish plants using newly harvested seeds. The influence of temperature, gibberellin and light/dark on dormancy break of safflower seeds during storage were investigated. In a completely randomized design, freshly harvested seeds or stored for 100 and 200 days (paper bag, 20 °C/ 60% UR) were treated with GA3 (0 and 100 µM), at 4, 10 and 25 °C, in the presence and absence of light, during the germination test. Seeds were evaluated for germination percentage, germination speed and seedling survival after 21 days. The temperature of 10 °C, in combination with GA3 (0/100 µM), or light/dark, provided the highest seed germination results, for freshly-harvested seeds and stored seeds. Collectively, these observations indicate that dormancy was not affected by gibberellic acid (100 µM GA3) and the germination results at 21 days were significantly higher, in relation to the use of GA3, under light or dark. Recently harvested seeds could efficiently germinate at 10 °C in the dark, while seeds dry-stored at 20 °C had decreased germination percentages.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N P Silva
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - T E Masetto
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - J V S Zanzi
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
| | - L C F Souza
- Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Dourados, MS, Brasil
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Fadiloglu EE, Yildiz Turp G, Celebioglu C, Sel G. Influence of different cooking methods on quality characteristics and nutritional value of gluten-free beef burger patties formulated with walnut oil, safflower oil and buckwheat. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109251. [PMID: 37354833 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to develop gluten-free beef burger patties with walnut and safflower oils and to examine the effects of different cooking methods on the quality and nutritional value of the product. Two different cooking methods (oven and pan cooking) and 60 days of storage were applied to the patties that were produced by replacing 50% animal fat content with walnut and safflower oils and using buckwheat flour instead of rusk. The highest MUFA+PUFA and MUFA+PUFA/SFA values were determined in walnut oil added oven cooked samples at the beginning of the storage and safflower oil added oven cooked samples at the end of the storage (P < 0.05). The nutritional quality indexes (NVI, HH, AI, HPI) of fat of beef burger patties improved with the replacement of fat with safflower and walnut oil and preserved better with the oven-cooked method according to the pan cooking method. The addition of walnut oil significantly increased the vitamin E values compared to those of the control sample and these values were preserved during storage (P < 0.05). However, the flavor and overall acceptability scores of the safflower oil samples were higher than those of the walnut oil samples during 30 days of storage (P < 0.05). It was concluded that safflower-added samples could be preferred in terms of lower hardness, oxidation value, total saturated fatty acid, higher cooking yield and sensory evaluation scores.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gulen Yildiz Turp
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Cansu Celebioglu
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Izmir, Turkiye
| | - Gamze Sel
- Ege University, Engineering Faculty, Food Engineering Department, Izmir, Turkiye
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Lestari U, Muhaimin M, Chaerunisaa AY, Sujarwo W. Anti-Aging Potential of Plants of the Anak Dalam Tribe, Jambi, Indonesia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1300. [PMID: 37765107 PMCID: PMC10534538 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of skin aging is a physiological phenomenon that can not be avoided. According to global population data, the rate of aging increases by approximately 13% every year. The impact of skin aging has become a significant concern and challenge for developed countries. Consequently, there has been a search for potential new anti-aging agents. This review aims to provide an overview of the current research status of plants of the Anak Dalam Tribe (Indonesian: Suku Anak Dalam [SAD]; referred to as SAD henceforth) in Jambi Province, Indonesia, for the development of potential new anti-aging agents. One such discovery is a product derived from natural ingredients with the ability to prevent premature aging. These new anti-aging plants have been used for centuries by the Anak Dalam tribe, for treating skin diseases and maintaining skin health through traditional remedies. Recent research on herbal formulations used by the SAD community in Indonesia for skin beauty treatments, reported by Research on Medicinal Plants and Herbs or RISTOJA, indicates that 64 plant species are used for skin care. Among these plants, Toona sinensis, Curcuma heyneana, Curcuma zedoaria, Curcuma longa, and Kaempferia rotunda are the most commonly used medicinal plants with anti-aging properties. T. sinensis is a tree, while the others are herbs. T. sinensis shows the highest potential for development as an anti-aging agent, with its extracts, active fractions, and bioactive quercetin isolates known to possess strong anti-aging activities both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, C. heyneana, C. longa, C. zedoaria, and K. rotunda also show potential for further research, and three of them have demonstrated good potential for in vivo anti-aging activities. Only K. rotunda demonstrates relatively weaker antioxidant activity compared to T. sinensis, C. heyneana, C. longa, and C. zedoaria. Nevertheless, K. rotunda can still be developed to search for potential opportunities as agents with other activities, while T. sinensis, C. heyneana, C. longa, and C. zedoaria in the findings could be an opportunity to explore the potential of new anti-aging agents. In conclusion, of the five medicinal plants traditionally used by the SAD in Jambi, Indonesia, C. longa has received the most extensive research and shows potential for the development of anti-aging solutions. C. zedoaria, C. heyneana and K. rotunda show good potential for in vivo anti-aging activity. T. sinensis is the least-studied medicinal plant. Nevertheless, it has potential for development, as it is widely used by the SAD community for both traditional medicine and skin care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uce Lestari
- Doctoral Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Jambi, Jambi 36361, Indonesia
| | - Muhaimin Muhaimin
- Department of Biological Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
- Center of Herbal Study, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
| | - Wawan Sujarwo
- Ethnobotany Research Group, Research Center for Ecology and Ethnobiology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
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Iskakov B, Kakimov M, Kudelski R, Mursalykova M, Kassenov A, Satayeva Z, Kardenov S, Kalibekkyzy Z, Mustafayeva A, Igenbayev A, Bembenek M. Improving the Technology of Primary Purification of the Safflower Oil Using Secondary Products of Processing on a Biological Basis. Foods 2023; 12:3275. [PMID: 37685208 PMCID: PMC10486502 DOI: 10.3390/foods12173275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Safflower oil is a very valuable product for the body and human health. It is rich in macro- and microelements, vitamins and minerals, and also has antioxidant properties. The primary purification of safflower oil is an important stage of its production and directly affects the quality of the final product and its storage ability. Purifying safflower oil using a combination of filtration and sedimentation processes in an experimental cone-shaped centrifuge is a new direction in its processing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of flax fiber as a filter material for safflower oil. The Akmai variety of the safflower was tested. The results showed that the quality indicators of safflower oil before and after filtration through flax fiber are different. The amount of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (18.31 ± 0.874%) and cis-linoleic acid (82.52 ± 1.854%) increased, as well as the content of arginine (2.1), tyrosine (0.57), methionine (0.4), cystine (2.5), tryptophan (2.6), and other amino acids (in oil g per 100 g of protein). The increase in the total amount of phenols (322.12 ± 6 mgEAG/kg of oil) was observed, which directly caused the higher antioxidant activity (42.65 ± 8%) of the safflower oil. These results demonstrate that flax fiber can enrich safflower oil. To find the optimal conditions for safflower oil centrifugation in a cone-shaped sedimentary-filtering centrifuge, the thickness of the flax fiber and the distance between the inner and outer perforated filter rotor were tested. It was found that the optimal and effective thickness of the flax fiber is 1.5 × 107 nm, while the thickness of the sediment is 0.5 × 107 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bauyrzhan Iskakov
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhtarbek Kakimov
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Rafał Kudelski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Maigul Mursalykova
- The Department of Technological Equipment and Machine Engineering, NJSC Shakarim University of Semey, St. Glinka 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan
| | - Amirzhan Kassenov
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhuldyz Satayeva
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Serik Kardenov
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhanar Kalibekkyzy
- The Department of Food Production Technology and Biotechnology, NJSC Shakarim University of Semey, St. Glinka 20A, Semey 071412, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaulym Mustafayeva
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Aidyn Igenbayev
- The Department of Food Technology and Processing Products, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, Zhenis Avenue 62, Astana 010011, Kazakhstan
| | - Michał Bembenek
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Popoola OK, Marnewick JL, Iwuoha EI, Hussein AA. Methoxylated Flavonols and ent-Kaurane Diterpenes from the South African Helichrysum rutilans and Their Cosmetic Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2870. [PMID: 37571023 PMCID: PMC10421400 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chromatographic fractionation of a methanol extract of Helichrysum rutilans afforded seven known compounds. The isolated compounds were identified as 5,7,8-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-8-O-2-methyl-2-butanoate (C-1), 5,7-dihydroxy-3,6,8-trimethoxyflavone (C-2), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8-tetramethoxyflavone (C-3), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7-trimethoxyflavone (C-4), ent-kaurenoic acid (C-5), ent-kauran-18-al (C-6), and 15-α-hydroxy-(-)-ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (C-7). Compounds C-1-C-4 demonstrated high antioxidant capacities on ORAC hydroxyl radical (2.114 ± 4.01; 2.413 ± 6.20; 1.924 ± 16.40; 1.917 ± 3.91) × 106; ORAC peroxyl radical (3.523 ± 3.22; 2.935 ± 0.13; 2.431 ± 8.63; 2.814 ± 5.20) × 103 µMTE/g; and FRAP (1251.45 ± 4.18; 1402.62 ± 5.77) µMAAE/g, respectively. Moderate inhibitory activities against Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation were observed for C-1-C-4 as IC50 values of 13.123 ± 0.34, 16.421 ± 0.92, 11.64 ± 1.72, 14.90 ± 0.06 µg/mL, respectively, while their respective anti-tyrosinase activities with IC50 values of 25.735 ± 9.62, 24.062 ± 0.61, 39.03 ± 13.12, 37.67 ± 0.98 µg/mL were also observed. All compounds demonstrated TEAC values within the range of 1105-1424 µMTE/g. The result is an indication that a methanol extract of H. rutilans might possibly be a good source of natural antioxidants against ailments caused by cellular oxidative stress and as inhibitors against skin depigmentation, as well as possible raw materials needed for slowing down perishable agricultural products. This is the first report on the phytochemical and biological evaluation of H. rutilans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olugbenga K. Popoola
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Jeanine L. Marnewick
- Applied Microbial and Health Biotechnology Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Emmanuel I. Iwuoha
- Chemistry Department, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
| | - Ahmed A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Symphony Rd., Bellville 7535, South Africa;
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Ultrasound-assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Carthamus tinctorius Seeds: Optimization of Process Variables. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Immunomodulatory effects of Curcuma longa L. and Carthamus tinctorius L. on RAW 264.7 macrophages and cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression C57BL/6 mouse models. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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10
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Development of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction to Produce Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Substances from Safflower Seed. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041296. [PMID: 35209083 PMCID: PMC8876410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was applied to extract bioactive substances with skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects from safflower seeds, and the extraction conditions were optimized by a central composite design. The independent variables, including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C), and ethanol concentration (0.0~100%), were optimized to increase tyrosinase activity inhibitory (TAI), collagenase activity inhibitory (CAI), and radical scavenging activity (RSA), which are indicators of skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant effects. An extraction time of 26.4 min, extraction temperature of 52.1 °C, and ethanol concentration of 50.7% were found to be optimum conditions of UAE, under which TAI, CAI, and RSA were 53.3%, 91.5%, and 27.7%, respectively. The extract produced by UAE was analyzed by LC-MS/MS, and maleic acid and levulinic acid were identified as the main substances. Therefore, UAE is evaluated as an effective process to extract skin-whitening, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant substances from safflower seeds at lower temperatures and shorter extraction times compared to the conventional extraction methods. Overall, safflower seeds extract can be used as a material for value-added cosmetics, including maleic acid and levulinic acid, which have bioactive functions.
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Kavilasha V, Sasidharan S. Antiaging activity of polyphenol rich Calophyllum inophyllum L. fruit extract in Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY611 yeast cells. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Del‐Toro‐Sánchez CL, Rodríguez‐Félix F, Cinco‐Moroyoqui FJ, Juárez J, Ruiz‐Cruz S, Wong‐Corral FJ, Borboa‐Flores J, Castro‐Enríquez DD, Barreras‐Urbina CG, Tapia‐Hernández JA. Recovery of phytochemical from three safflower (
Carthamus tinctorius
L.) by‐products: Antioxidant properties, protective effect of human erythrocytes and profile by UPLC‐DAD‐MS. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Josué Juárez
- Department of Physics University of Sonora Hermosillo Mexico
| | - Saúl Ruiz‐Cruz
- Department of Research and Posgraduate in Food (DIPA) University of Sonora Hermosillo Mexico
| | | | - Jesús Borboa‐Flores
- Department of Research and Posgraduate in Food (DIPA) University of Sonora Hermosillo Mexico
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13
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High-throughput phenotyping to dissect genotypic differences in safflower for drought tolerance. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254908. [PMID: 34297757 PMCID: PMC8301646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most severe and unpredictable abiotic stresses, occurring at any growth stage and affecting crop yields worldwide. Therefore, it is essential to develop drought tolerant varieties to ensure sustainable crop production in an ever-changing climate. High-throughput digital phenotyping technologies in tandem with robust screening methods enable precise and faster selection of genotypes for breeding. To investigate the use of digital imaging to reliably phenotype for drought tolerance, a genetically diverse safflower population was screened under different drought stresses at Agriculture Victoria’s high-throughput, automated phenotyping platform, Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham. In the first experiment, four treatments, control (90% field capacity; FC), 40% FC at initial branching, 40% FC at flowering and 50% FC at initial branching and flowering, were applied to assess the performance of four safflower genotypes. Based on these results, drought stress using 50% FC at initial branching and flowering stages was chosen to further screen 200 diverse safflower genotypes. Measured plant traits and dry biomass showed high correlations with derived digital traits including estimated shoot biomass, convex hull area, caliper length and minimum area rectangle, indicating the viability of using digital traits as proxy measures for plant growth. Estimated shoot biomass showed close association having moderately high correlation with drought indices yield index, stress tolerance index, geometric mean productivity, and mean productivity. Diverse genotypes were classified into four clusters of drought tolerance based on their performance (seed yield and digitally estimated shoot biomass) under stress. Overall, results show that rapid and precise image-based, high-throughput phenotyping in controlled environments can be used to effectively differentiate response to drought stress in a large numbers of safflower genotypes.
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Mikołajczak N, Tańska M, Ogrodowska D. Phenolic compounds in plant oils: A review of composition, analytical methods, and effect on oxidative stability. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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15
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Weerakoon WNMTDN, Anjali NVP, Jayathilaka N, Seneviratne KN. Soybean oil and coconut oil enhance the absorption of chlorogenic acid in humans. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13823. [PMID: 34145596 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of a mainly polyunsaturated oil (soybean oil) and a mainly medium chain triglyceride oil (coconut oil) on the absorption of the phenolic antioxidant chlorogenic acid (5-caffeoylquinic acid) was investigated using 90 healthy volunteers. Serum concentrations and the absorbed percentages of chlorogenic acid of volunteers who received chlorogenic acid without oils (0.006 ± 0.001 mg/ml, 5.7 ± 0.2%), chlorogenic acid with soybean oil (0.012 ± 0.001 mg/ml, 11.8 ± 1.3%), and chlorogenic acid with coconut oil (0.067 ± 0.014 mg/ml, 65.6 ± 18.1%) were significantly different from each other (p < .05). There was a strong positive correlation between the increase in serum and plasma antioxidant capacity and the absorption of chlorogenic acid. The major fatty acid of each of soybean oil and coconut oil also improved the permeability of chlorogenic acid in Caco-2 cell monolayers. The results suggest that the tested edible oils may improve the nutritional value of chlorogenic acid-containing foods by improving the absorption of chlorogenic acid. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Small polar antioxidants such as phenolic acids and flavonoids are poorly absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Chlorogenic acid was used in the present study as a model for small polar phenolic antioxidants. According to the present study, soybean oil with mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids and coconut oil with mainly medium chain fatty acids improve the absorption of these antioxidants. These findings suggest that proper planning of diets or food supplements containing phenolic antioxidants with medium chain or polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich edible oils may enhance the nutritional benefits expected from phenolic antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- W N M T D N Weerakoon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - N V P Anjali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Nimanthi Jayathilaka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
| | - Kapila N Seneviratne
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
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16
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Thoday-Kennedy E, Joshi S, Daetwyler HD, Hayden M, Hudson D, Spangenberg G, Kant S. Digital Phenotyping to Delineate Salinity Response in Safflower Genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:662498. [PMID: 34220887 PMCID: PMC8242588 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.662498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is a major contributing factor to the degradation of arable land, and reductions in crop growth and yield. To overcome these limitations, the breeding of crop varieties with improved salt tolerance is needed. This requires effective and high-throughput phenotyping to optimize germplasm enhancement. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), is an underappreciated but highly versatile oilseed crop, capable of growing in saline and arid environments. To develop an effective and rapid phenotyping protocol to differentiate salt responses in safflower genotypes, experiments were conducted in the automated imaging facility at Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham, focussing on digital phenotyping at early vegetative growth. The initial experiment, at 0, 125, 250, and 350 mM sodium chloride (NaCl), showed that 250 mM NaCl was optimum to differentiate salt sensitive and tolerant genotypes. Phenotyping of a diverse set of 200 safflower genotypes using the developed protocol defined four classes of salt tolerance or sensitivity, based on biomass and ion accumulation. Salt tolerance in safflower was dependent on the exclusion of Na+ from shoot tissue and the maintenance of K+ uptake. Salinity response identified in glasshouse experiments showed some consistency with the performance of representatively selected genotypes tested under sodic field conditions. Overall, our results suggest that digital phenotyping can be an effective high-throughput approach in identifying candidate genotypes for salt tolerance in safflower.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sameer Joshi
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
| | - Hans D. Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Hayden
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - David Hudson
- GO Resources Pty Ltd., Brunswick, VIC, Australia
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Surya Kant
- Agriculture Victoria, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Agricultural Innovation, School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Wang T, Chen Y, Dong T, Ma X, Wang L, Yu D, Yang F. Supercritical electrocatalytic catalyst activation and its application in safflower seed oil isomerisation to prepare conjugated linoleic acid. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Liqi Wang
- School of Computer and Information Engineering Harbin University of Commerce Harbin150028China
| | - Dianyu Yu
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
| | - Fuming Yang
- School of Food Science Northeast Agricultural University Harbin150030China
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18
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Bujak T, Zagórska-Dziok M, Ziemlewska A, Nizioł-Łukaszewska Z, Wasilewski T, Hordyjewicz-Baran Z. Antioxidant and Cytoprotective Properties of Plant Extract from Dry Flowers as Functional Dyes for Cosmetic Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092809. [PMID: 34068613 PMCID: PMC8126054 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, natural dyes are expected by the cosmetic and food industries. In contrast to synthetic dyes, colorants derived from natural sources are more environmentally friendly and safer for human health. In this work, plant extracts from Gomphrena globasa L., Clitoria ternatea L., Carthamus tinctorius L., Punica granatum L. and Papaver rhoeas L. as the natural and functional dyes for the cosmetics industry were assessed. Cytotoxicity on keratinocyte and fibroblast cell lines was determined as well as antioxidant and anti-aging properties by determining their ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and elastase enzymes. In addition, the composition of the extracts was determined. The obtained extracts were also applied in face cream formulation and color analyses were performed. It has been shown that the obtained extracts were characterized by no cytotoxicity and a high antioxidant potential. The extracts also show strong ability to inhibit the activity of collagenase and moderate ability to inhibit elastase and provide effective and long-lasting hydration after their application on the skin. Application analyses showed that the extracts of P. rhoeas L., C. ternatea L. and C. tinctorius L. can be used as effective cosmetic dyes that allow for attainment of an intense and stable color during the storage of the product. The extracts of P. granatum L. and G. globasa L., despite their beneficial effects as active ingredients, did not work effectively as cosmetic dyes, because cosmetic emulsions with these extracts did not differ significantly in color from emulsions without the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Bujak
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martyna Zagórska-Dziok
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Aleksandra Ziemlewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Zofia Nizioł-Łukaszewska
- Department of Technology of Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Products, Medical College, University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszow, Sucharskiego 2, 35-225 Rzeszów, Poland; (M.Z.-D.); (A.Z.); (Z.N.-Ł.)
| | - Tomasz Wasilewski
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Chrobrego 27, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
- Research and Development Department, ONLYBIO.life Sp. z o.o., Wojska Polskiego 65, 85-825 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Zofia Hordyjewicz-Baran
- ŁUKASIEWICZ Research Network—Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis “Blachownia”, Energetykow 9, 47-225 Kedzierzyn-Kozle, Poland;
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Shin MK, Jeon YD, Hong SH, Kang SH, Kee JY, Jin JS. In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of Tracheloside on Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040513. [PMID: 33806109 PMCID: PMC8064450 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research suggests a relationship between cancer progression and oxidative mechanisms. Among the phenolic compounds such as tracheloside (TCS) are a major bioactive compound that can combat oxidant stress-related chronic diseases and that also displays anti-tumor activity. Although TCS can inhibit mammalian carcinoma, its effects on colorectal cancer (CRC) have not been clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TCS on the proliferation of CRC cells, the metastasis of CT26 cells, and the molecular mechanisms related to TCS in vitro and in vivo. A cell viability assay showed that TCS inhibited the proliferation of CRC cells. TCS-treated CT26 cells were associated with the upregulation of p16 as well as the downregulation of cyclin D1 and CDK4 in cell cycle arrest. In addition, TCS induced apoptosis of CT26 cells through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and regulation of the Bcl-2 family. Expression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers was regulated by TCS treatment in CT26 cells. TCS significantly inhibited the lung metastasis of CT26 cells in a mouse model. These results suggest that TCS, by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through its anti-oxidant properties, is a novel therapeutic agent that inhibits metastatic phenotypes of murine CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (S.-H.K.)
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Yong-Deok Jeon
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Woosuk University, 443 Samnye-ro, Samnye-eup, Wanju-Gun 55338, Korea;
| | - Seung-Heon Hong
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
| | - Sa-Haeng Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (S.-H.K.)
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (J.-S.J.)
| | - Jong-Sik Jin
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Korea; (M.-K.S.); (S.-H.K.)
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.K.); (J.-S.J.)
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20
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Dhanjal DS, Bhardwaj S, Sharma R, Bhardwaj K, Kumar D, Chopra C, Nepovimova E, Singh R, Kuca K. Plant Fortification of the Diet for Anti-Ageing Effects: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3008. [PMID: 33007945 PMCID: PMC7601865 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is an enigmatic and progressive biological process which undermines the normal functions of living organisms with time. Ageing has been conspicuously linked to dietary habits, whereby dietary restrictions and antioxidants play a substantial role in slowing the ageing process. Oxygen is an essential molecule that sustains human life on earth and is involved in the synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that pose certain health complications. The ROS are believed to be a significant factor in the progression of ageing. A robust lifestyle and healthy food, containing dietary antioxidants, are essential for improving the overall livelihood and decelerating the ageing process. Dietary antioxidants such as adaptogens, anthocyanins, vitamins A/D/C/E and isoflavones slow the ageing phenomena by reducing ROS production in the cells, thereby improving the life span of living organisms. This review highlights the manifestations of ageing, theories associated with ageing and the importance of diet management in ageing. It also discusses the available functional foods as well as nutraceuticals with anti-ageing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Sonali Bhardwaj
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Ruchi Sharma
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (R.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Kanchan Bhardwaj
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India;
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- School of Bioengineering and Food Technology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, Himachal Pradesh, India; (R.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Chirag Chopra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Reena Singh
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (D.S.D.); (S.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
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Kozhantayeva A, Rakhmadiyeva S. Research of polyphenolic compounds of Circaea lutetiana l. CHEMICAL BULLETIN OF KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.15328/cb1151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the renewable sources of plant material is the plants of the Onagraceae L. family, growing on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The plant Circaea lutetiana L., (bipartite of Paris) of the genus Circaea L., (bipartite) of the family Onagraceae L., (fireweed), which belongs to medicinal, dyeing and food plants, was taken as an object of study. The presence of polyphenolic compounds was detected by paper chromatography in an ascending manner in solvent systems: butanol-acetic acid-water (BAW) (41:5), (40:12.5:29), 2%, 15% acetic acid with specific developers: diazotized sulfanilic acid (DZSA), diazotized para-nitroaniline (DZPNA), ammonia vapors, aluminum chloride (AlCl3), ferric chloride (FeCl3), ammonium-iron alum (AIA), vanillin reagent in sulfuric acid. The content of gallic and ferulic acids was determined in the roots and fruits of the plant, and ellagic acid in the leaves and fruits. Flavonoids and tannins of the hydrolyzable type were found in all plant organs, the largest number of them in fruits and the smallest in roots. Using the method of spectrophotometry in all plant organs, the content of flavonoids in terms of State standard sample (SSS) quercetin was determined (roots 0.96%, stems 2.03%, leaves 2.74%, fruits 3.67%), the content of tannins in terms of tannin (roots 0.005%, stems 1.19%, leaves 3.69%, fruits 5.99%).
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Nutritional Content and Antioxidant Capacity of the Seed and the Epicarp in Different Ecotypes of Pistacia atlantica Desf. Subsp. atlantica. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9091065. [PMID: 32825183 PMCID: PMC7570190 DOI: 10.3390/plants9091065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites that occur naturally in all plants. Seeds are among the richest organs of plants in phytochemicals, vitamins and minerals. These compounds and their biological activities are of great importance for human health. This study aimed to analyze the phenolic composition and their antioxidant activity in the seeds and epicarps of six Algerian populations of Pistacia atlantica Desf. subsp. atlantica growing along an aridity gradient from semi-arid to Saharan environmental conditions. Higher phenolic contents were observed in epicarp compared to seeds whatever the ecotype. The highest phenolic content of seeds and epicarps was observed in ecotype of Djelfa and the lowest values in Tiaret (T-Z). Phenolic composition, measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), showed that quercetin in epicarp, gallic and chlorogenic acids in seeds were the most present in all ecotypes. Large differences were observed between ecotypes for nutritional values. Seeds were rich in flavonoids, proteins, carbohydrates and essential elements such as potassium, calcium, phosphorus and iron. These results highlighted the potential importance of Atlas pistachio fruits as a source of essential compounds that contribute to human health. Moreover, this underused species may serve a potential source for antioxidant components for alimentation and cosmetics purposes.
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