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Wang K, Ecker BR, Ghosh M, Li M, Karasiev VV, Hu SX, Huang J, Gao Y. Light-enhanced oxygen degradation of MAPbBr 3 single crystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5027-5037. [PMID: 38258478 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03493c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Organometal halide perovskites are promising materials for optoelectronic applications, whose commercial realization depends critically on their stability under multiple environmental factors. In this study, a methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystal was cleaved and exposed to simultaneous oxygen and light illumination under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). The exposure process was monitored using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with precise control of the exposure time and oxygen pressure. It was found that the combination of oxygen and light accelerated the degradation of MAPbBr3, which could not be viewed as a simple addition of that by oxygen-only and light-only exposures. The XPS spectra showed significant loss of carbon, bromine, and nitrogen at an oxygen exposure of 1010 Langmuir with light illumination, approximately 17 times of the additive effects of oxygen-only and light-only exposures. It was also found that the photoluminescence (PL) emission was much weakened by oxygen and light co-exposure, while previous reports had shown that PL was substantially enhanced by oxygen-only exposure. Measurements using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) demonstrated that the crystal surface was much roughened by the co-exposure. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the formation of superoxide and oxygen induced gap state, suggesting the creation of oxygen radicals by light illumination as a possible microscopic driving force for enhanced degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Ecker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
| | - Maitrayee Ghosh
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Mingze Li
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Valentin V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE), University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
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Wang K, Ecker B, Li M, Huang J, Gao Y. CuPc Passivation of a MAPbBr 3 Single Crystal Surface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:19599-19606. [PMID: 37817921 PMCID: PMC10561261 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c04209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a facile passivation for methylammonium lead bromide (MAPbBr3) single crystals is reported. Stability against moisture and light remains the most critical demerit of perovskite materials, which is improved by depositing a 40 Å thick hydrophobic copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) layer on top of the cleaved perovskite surface. The water and light exposure processes were monitored with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with precise control of the exposure time and pressure. It is found that the CuPc top layer could protect the sample from moisture infiltration at a water exposure of 1013 L, while the nonpassivated sample started to degrade at 108 L. During the light exposure, CuPc also slowed down the light-induced degradation, which is supported by the elemental ratio change of metallic lead and bromine. These results are further confirmed by the morphological comparison via scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Wang
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Benjamin Ecker
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| | - Mingze Li
- Department
of Applied Physical Sciences, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department
of Applied Physical Sciences, University
of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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Sterling CM, Kamal C, García-Fernández A, Man GJ, Svanström S, Nayak PK, Butorin SM, Rensmo H, Cappel UB, Odelius M. Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide and Its Precursor Methylammonium Iodide. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:20143-20154. [PMID: 36483685 PMCID: PMC9720748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed examination of the electronic structures of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) is performed with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on density functional theory, and the theoretical results are compared to experimental probes. The occupied valence bands of a MAPI single crystal and MAI powder are probed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the conduction bands are probed from the perspective of nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Combined, the theoretical simulations and the two experimental techniques allow for a dissection of the electronic structure unveiling the nature of chemical bonding in MAPI and MAI. Here, we show that the difference in band gap between MAPI and MAI is caused chiefly by interactions between iodine and lead but also weaker interactions with the MA+ counterions. Spatial decomposition of the iodine p levels allows for analysis of Pb-I σ bonds and π interactions, which contribute to this effect with the involvement of the Pb 6p levels. Differences in hydrogen bonding between the two materials, seen in the AIMD simulations, are reflected in nitrogen valence orbital composition and in nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M. Sterling
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chinnathambi Kamal
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
- Theory
and Simulations Laboratory, Theoretical and Computational Physics
Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced
Technology, Indore452013, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - Alberto García-Fernández
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel J. Man
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
- GJM
Scientific
Consulting, Fort Lee, New Jersey07024, United States
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pabitra K. Nayak
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad500046, India
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
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4
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Akin Kara D, Burnett EK, Kara K, Usluer O, Cherniawski BP, Barron EJ, Gultekin B, Kus M, Briseno AL. Rubrene single crystal solar cells and the effect of crystallinity on interfacial recombination. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10869-10876. [PMID: 35450982 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00985d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Single crystal studies provide a better understanding of the basic properties of organic photovoltaic devices. Therefore, in this work, rubrene single crystals with a thickness of 250 nm to 1000 nm were used to produce an inverted bilayer organic solar cell. Subsequently, polycrystalline rubrene (orthorhombic, triclinic) and amorphous bilayer solar cells of the same thickness as single crystals were studied to make comparisons across platforms. To investigate how single crystal, polycrystalline (triclinic-orthorhombic) and amorphous forms alter the charge carrier recombination mechanism at the rubrene/PCBM interface, light intensity measurements were carried out. The light intensity dependency of the JSC, VOC and FF parameters in organic solar cells with different forms of rubrene was determined. Monomolecular (Shockley Read Hall) recombination is observed in devices employing amorphous and polycrystalline rubrene in addition to bimolecular recombination, whereas the single crystal device is weakly affected by trap assisted SRH recombination due to reduced trap states at the donor acceptor interface. To date, the proposed work is the only systematic study examining transport and interface recombination mechanisms in organic solar cells produced by different structure forms of rubrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Akin Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Edmund K Burnett
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Koray Kara
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,Izmir Graphene Application and Research Center, Izmir Katip Celebi University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Usluer
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Benjamin P Cherniawski
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Edward J Barron
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Burak Gultekin
- Solar Energy Institute, Ege University, 35000, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Kus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konya Technical University, 42000, Konya, Turkey
| | - Alejandro L Briseno
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.,US NAVY, NAWCWD, Research Office, China Lake, California 93555, USA
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5
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Photoemission Studies on the Environmental Stability of Thermal Evaporated MAPbI3 Thin Films and MAPbBr3 Single Crystals. ENERGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/en14072005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid organic inorganic perovskites have been considered as a potential candidate for the next generational solar cell due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties and rapid development in recent years. However, the biggest challenge to prevent them from massive commercial use is their long-term stability. Photoemission spectroscopy has been widely used to investigate properties of the perovskites, which provide critical insights to better understand the degradation mechanisms. In this article, we review mainly our photoemission studies on the degradation processes of perovskite thin films and single crystals with different environmental factors, such as gases, water, and light by monitoring changes of chemical composition and electronic structure. These studies on the effects by different environmental parameters are discussed for the understanding of the stability issues and the possible solutions.
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