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Anjum S, Naseer F, Ahmad T, Jahan F, Qadir H, Gul R, Kousar K, Sarwar A, Shabbir A. Enhancing therapeutic efficacy: sustained delivery of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) via thiolated chitosan nanoparticles targeting CD44 in triple-negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11431. [PMID: 38763930 PMCID: PMC11102914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55900-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Our current study reports the successful synthesis of thiolated chitosan-based nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery of 5-Fluorouracil. This process was achieved through the ionic gelation technique, aiming to improve the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic moiety by modifying the surface of the nanoparticles (NPs) with a ligand. We coated these NPs with hyaluronic acid (HA) to actively target the CD44 receptor, which is frequently overexpressed in various solid malignancies, including breast cancer. XRD, FTIR, SEM, and TEM were used for the physicochemical analysis of the NPs. These 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded NPs were evaluated on MDA-MB-231 (a triple-negative breast cell line) and MCF-10A (normal epithelial breast cells) to determine their in vitro efficacy. The developed 5-FU-loaded NPs exhibited a particle size within a favorable range (< 300 nm). The positive zeta potential of these nanoparticles facilitated their uptake by negatively charged cancer cells. Moreover, they demonstrated robust stability and achieved high encapsulation efficiency. These nanoparticles exhibited significant cytotoxicity compared to the crude drug (p < 0.05) and displayed a promising release pattern consistent with the basic diffusion model. These traits improve the pharmacokinetic profile, efficacy, and ability to precisely target these nanoparticles, offering a potentially successful anticancer treatment for breast cancer. However, additional in vivo assessments of these formulations are obligatory to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faryal Jahan
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Halima Qadir
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Gul
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atif Sarwar
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdallah Shabbir
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kousar K, Shafiq S, Sherazi ST, Iqbal F, Shareef U, Kakar S, Ahmad T. In silico ADMET profiling of Docetaxel and development of camel milk derived liposomes nanocarriers for sustained release of Docetaxel in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:912. [PMID: 38195628 PMCID: PMC10776786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at encapsulation of commonly administered, highly cytotoxic anticancer drug Docetaxel (DTX) in camel milk fat globule-derived liposomes for delivery in triple negative breast cancer cells. Prior to liposomal encapsulation of drug, in silico analysis of Docetaxel was done to predict off target binding associated toxicities in different organs. For this purpose, the ADMET Predictor (TM) Cloud version 10.4.0.5, 64-bit, was utilized to simulate Docetaxel's pharmacokinetic and physicochemical parameters. Freshly milked camel milk was bought from local market, from two breeds Brella and Marecha, in suburbs of Islamabad. After extraction of MFGM-derived liposomes from camel milk, docetaxel was loaded into liposomes by thin film hydration method. The physiochemical properties of liposomes were analyzed by SEM, FTIR and Zeta analysis. The results from SEM showed that empty liposomes (Lp-CM-ChT80) had spherical morphology while DTX loaded liposomes (Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX) exhibited rectangular shape, FTIR revealed the presence of characteristic functional groups which confirmed the successful encapsulation of DTX. Zeta analysis showed that Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX had size of 836.6 nm with PDI of 0.088 and zeta potential of - 18.7 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of Lp-CM-ChT80 turned out to be 25% while in vitro release assay showed slow release of DTX from liposomes as compared to pure DTX using dialysis membrane. The in vitro anticancer activity was analyzed by cell morphology analysis and MTT cytotoxicity assay using different concentrations 80 µg/ml, 120 µg/ml and 180 µg/ml of Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX on MDA-MB-231 cells. The results showed cytotoxic effects increased in time and dose dependent manner, marked by rounding, shrinkage and aggregation of cells. MTT cytotoxicity assay showed that empty liposomes Lp-CM-ChT80 did not have cytotoxic effect while Lp-CM-ChT80-DTX showed highest cytotoxic potential of 60.2% at 180 µg/ml. Stability analysis showed that liposomes were stable till 24 h in solution form at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shaheer Shafiq
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareeha Iqbal
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Shareef
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer E Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salik Kakar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Pak-Austria Fachhochschule: Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology, Khanpur Road, Mang Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Kousar K, Naseer F, Abduh MS, Kakar S, Gul R, Anjum S, Ahmad T. Green synthesis of hyaluronic acid coated, thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for CD44 targeted delivery and sustained release of Cisplatin in cervical carcinoma. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1073004. [PMID: 36712656 PMCID: PMC9877355 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1073004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical carcinoma is one of the most prevalent gynecological cancers throughout the world. Cisplatin is used as first line chemotherapy for treatment of cervical cancer, but it comes with plethora of side effects. The aim of this study was to develop hyaluronic acid coated, thiolated chitosan nanocarriers using green synthesis approach, for CD44 targeted delivery and sustained release of Cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. After synthesis through ionic gelation method, Zeta analysis showed that the nanoparticle size was 265.9 nm with a zeta potential of +22.3 mV and .226 PDI. SEM and TEM analysis confirmed the spherical shape and smooth surface of nanoparticles. FTIR and XRD showed the presence of characteristic functional groups, successful encapsulation of drug, and crystalline nature of nanoparticles respectively. Drug loading and entrapment efficiency were calculated to be 70.1% ± 1.2% and 45% ± .28% respectively. Analysis of in vitro drug release kinetics showed that drug release followed the Higuchi model at pH 6.8 and 7.4 and Cisplatin release for up to 72 h confirmed sustained release. In vitro analysis on cervical cancer cells HeLa and normal cervical epithelial cells HCK1T was done through cell morphology analysis, trypan blue assay (concentration range of 10-80 μg/ml), and MTT cytotoxic assay (concentration range of 10-90 μg/ml). The results showed a higher cytotoxic potential of HA coated, thiolated chitosan encapsulated Cisplatin (HA-ThCs-Cis NP) nanoformulation as compared to pure Cisplatin in HeLa while in HCK1T, pure Cisplatin showed much higher toxicity as compared to HA-ThCs-Cis nanoformulation. These findings suggest that CD44 targeted delivery system can be a useful approach to minimize offtarget toxicities, give sustained release and better cellular uptake in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousain Kousar
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Kousain Kousar, ; Tahir Ahmad,
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maisa S. Abduh
- Immune Responses in Different Diseases Research Group, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salik Kakar
- School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Gul
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer e Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Anjum
- Department of Biology, University of Hail, Hail, Saudia Arabia
| | - Tahir Ahmad
- Industrial Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan,*Correspondence: Kousain Kousar, ; Tahir Ahmad,
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