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Longkaew K, Gibaud A, Tessanan W, Daniel P, Phinyocheep P. Spherical CaCO 3: Synthesis, Characterization, Surface Modification and Efficacy as a Reinforcing Filler in Natural Rubber Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4287. [PMID: 37959967 PMCID: PMC10648884 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rubber (NR), an important natural polymer derived from the Hevea brasiliensis tree, has been widely used in the rubber industry owing to its excellent elastic properties. However, it requires reinforcing fillers to improve its mechanical properties for the manufacturing of rubber products. Generally, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is employed as a non-reinforcing filler. This work aimed to synthesize spherical-shaped CaCO3 at a submicrometric scale without and with surface treatment and explore its utilization as a reinforcing filler in NR composites. The morphological shape and polymorphic phase of CaCO3 were investigated using SEM, TEM, XRD, ATR-FTIR and Raman techniques. The mechanical properties of various amounts (0 to 60 phr) of CaCO3-filled NR composites were explored. As a result, the NR/treated CaCO3 composites provided higher tensile strength than the NR/untreated CaCO3 composites and pure NR at all filler loadings. This may have been due to the improved interfacial interaction between NR and CaCO3 with the improved hydrophobicity of CaCO3 after treatment with olive soap. The optimal filler loading was 20 phr for the highest tensile strength of the rubber composites. In addition, the elongation at break of the NR/treated CaCO3 was slightly decreased. Evidence from SEM and FTIR revealed the vaterite polymorph and shape stability of CaCO3 particles in the NR matrix. The results demonstrate that the particle size and surface treatment of the filler have essential effects on the mechanical property enhancement of the rubber composites. Synthesized spherical CaCO3 could be a potential reinforcing filler with broader application in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khansinee Longkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
| | - Alain Gibaud
- Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Wasan Tessanan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
| | - Philippe Daniel
- Institute of Molecules and Materials of Le Mans (IMMM), UMR CNRS 6283, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, CEDEX 9, 72085 Le Mans, France; (A.G.); (P.D.)
| | - Pranee Phinyocheep
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Payathai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand; (K.L.); (W.T.)
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Kim S, Remya KP, Kim MJ. Nanosized vaterite production through organic-solvent-free indirect carbonation. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 98:106495. [PMID: 37354764 PMCID: PMC10320241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized vaterite, which exhibits characteristics such as high specific surface area, porosity, and biocompatibility, has attracted research attention for use as a drug delivery material. However, fatal drawbacks such as high costs, difficulty in mass production, and toxicity exist in conventional nanosized vaterite production owing to the use of a large amount of organic solvents to forcibly suppress the vaterite recrystallization and particle growth. Therefore, nanosized 100 % vaterite was produced in this study via indirect carbonation without using any organic solvent, which has rarely been achieved previously. Seawater, sucrose, ultrasonication, and aging-which facilitate vaterite production and particle size reduction-exhibited a synergistic effect in producing vaterite. To realize nanosized vaterite production via indirect carbonation, seawater was used as a solvent, sucrose was added when Ca was eluted, and CO2 bubbling was performed under ultrasonication. Furthermore, the CaCO3-containing suspension obtained after the carbonation was aged. Ultrasonic waves were required to generate nanosized vaterite and reducing size at the carbonation stage. This nanosized-vaterite-production strategy involving organic-solvent-free indirect carbonation is meaningful, in that it highlights the potential of synthesizing vaterite in an economically sound, environmentally friendly manner for use as a pharmaceutical raw material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea
| | | | - Myoung-Jin Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, South Korea.
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Shang D, Zhou N, Dai Z, Song N, Wang Z, Du P. Formation of calcium carbonate nanoparticles through the assembling effect of glucose and the influence on the properties of PDMS. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13600-13608. [PMID: 35530390 PMCID: PMC9069290 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02025d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to prepare calcium carbonate nanoparticles in a green and environmentally friendly way, the concept of bio-mineralization has been proposed. Glucose, as a common small molecular organic substance found in organisms, participates in the mineralization process in cells. By adding glucose as a chemical additive, long chains of calcium carbonate form at the initial stage and then break granularly via over-carbonation. The average size of the calcium carbonate nanoparticles is about 40 nm based on the statistical analyses of three hundred particles. The growth mechanism of calcium carbonate under the influence of glucose is obtained. After the calcium carbonate nanoparticles are modified by sodium stearate, they are introduced to the PDMS matrix to achieve the composite material. Compared with pure PDMS, the composite with additional 3% calcium carbonate has its elongation at break and tensile strength increased by 23.96% and 48.15%, respectively. In order to prepare calcium carbonate nanoparticles in a green and environmentally friendly way, the concept of bio-mineralization has been proposed.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengkui Shang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang province 310027 China
| | - Nifan Zhou
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang province 310027 China
| | - Zhengguan Dai
- AL Mine Co., Ltd Jiande Zhejiang province 311600 China
| | - Nengyu Song
- AL Mine Co., Ltd Jiande Zhejiang province 311600 China
| | - Zongrong Wang
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang province 310027 China
| | - Piyi Du
- State Key Lab of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang province 310027 China
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Effect of sucrose on CO2 storage, vaterite content, and CaCO3 particle size in indirect carbonation using seawater. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.101894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wang D, Kim J, Park CB. Lignin-Induced CaCO 3 Vaterite Structure for Biocatalytic Artificial Photosynthesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58522-58531. [PMID: 34851105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vaterite phase of CaCO3 exhibits unique characteristics, such as high porosity, surface area, dispersivity, and low specific gravity, but it is the most unstable polymorph. Here, we report lignin-induced stable vaterite as a support matrix for integrated artificial photosynthesis through the encapsulation of key active components such as the photosensitizer (eosin y, EY) and redox enzyme (l-glutamate dehydrogenase, GDH). The lignin-vaterite/EY/GDH photobiocatalytic platform enabled the regeneration of the reduced nicotinamide cofactor under visible light and facilitated the rapid conversion of α-ketoglutarate into l-glutamate (initial conversion rate, 0.41 mM h-1; turnover frequency, 1060 h-1; and turnover number, 39,750). The lignin-induced vaterite structure allowed for long-term protection and recycling of the active components while facilitating the photosynthesis reaction due to the redox-active lignin. Succession of stability tests demonstrated a significant improvement of GDH's robustness in the lignin-vaterite structure against harsh environments. This work provides a simple approach for solar-to-chemical conversion using a sustainable, integrated light-harvesting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Beum Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 335 Science Road, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Impact of Nisin in Combination with Sodium Benzoate and Calcium Carbonate on the Bacterial and Yeast Population of Coconut Neera (Coconut Inflorescence sap). JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.15.4.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A natural sap from mature coconut palm known as coconut neera is enriched with essential minerals and vitamins. Rapid microbial fermentation affects neera processing industries because it spoils the physicochemical properties. There are various methods in preservation that extend the shelf life of coconut neera. The addition of nisin is one of the methods which protect neera against fermentation. Therefore, the study is focused to identify the effective combination of nisin (50 ppm) with preservatives like sodium benzoate (500, and 1000 ppm), and calcium carbonate (2500, and 3000 ppm) at two different combinations in neera. At the end of 21 d, 3000 ppm calcium carbonate with 50 ppm nisin in N4 treatment had an effective reduction of 120 × 105 CFU/ml and 143 × 102 CFU/ml for total bacteria and total yeast count. The reduced microbial survival resulted in the pH of 10.45 ± 0.05, total soluble solids of 15.43 ± 0.12 °Brix, and total acidity of 1.11 ± 0.04 mg/ L, at this combination. The treatment of nisin with 3000 ppm calcium carbonate demonstrated the high red fluorescence bacterial cells than the treatment of nisin with 1000 ppm sodium benzoate. Additionally, the microorganisms in N4 treatment precipitated 65.34% Ca2+ from 79.96% in XRF intensity analysis. The synergistic effect of nisin and calcium carbonate explored their antimicrobial activity against the heterogeneous microbial population in coconut neera. The concentration of 3000 ppm calcium carbonate and nisin 50 ppm preserves the physicochemical and sensory qualities, up to 21 d at 4°C, and offer hope for the industrial-scale implementation.
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Czaplicka N, Konopacka-Łyskawa D, Kościelska B, Łapiński M. Effect of selected ammonia escape inhibitors on carbon dioxide capture and utilization via calcium carbonate precipitation. J CO2 UTIL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2020.101298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Precipitation and Transformation of Vaterite Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Some Organic Solvents. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122742. [PMID: 32560368 PMCID: PMC7344821 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the production of CaCO3 particles via the carbonation route in the reaction of CaCl2 and CO2, using NH3 as a promoter of CO2 absorption, was studied. The solvents used as the reaction media for CaCO3 precipitation were aqueous solutions of methanol, isopropanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in a concentration range of 0–20% (v/v). It was found that the presence of an organic additive influenced the precipitation rate, the content of vaterite in the obtained product, the morphology and the size of the precipitated CaCO3 particles, as well as the rate of its transformation into calcite. The presence of all added organic solvents reduced the vaterite concentration in the produced CaCO3 both at the end of the reaction and after incubation in the reaction medium for 1 h. However, the transformation of vaterite particles into calcite in the tested solutions was slower when the 4 h and 24 h procedures were compared. The interactions of solvents with calcite and vaterite were compared using HPLC tests. DMSO molecules interacted with vaterite particles the most strongly, while the interaction of isopropanol with this polymorph was the weakest. The opposite effect was observed for interactions with calcite particles, and the affinity decreased in the series: isopropanol, methanol, DMSO.
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Synthesis Methods and Favorable Conditions for Spherical Vaterite Precipitation: A Review. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph. Its existence is very rare in nature, e.g., in some rock formations or as a component of biominerals produced by some fishes, crustaceans, or birds. Synthetic vaterite particles are proposed as carriers of active substances in medicines, additives in cosmetic preparations as well as adsorbents. Also, their utilization as a pump for microfluidic flow is also tested. In particular, vaterite particles produced as polycrystalline spheres have large potential for application. Various methods are proposed to precipitate vaterite particles, including the conventional solution-solution synthesis, gas-liquid method as well as special routes. Precipitation conditions should be carefully selected to obtain a high concentration of vaterite in all these methods. In this review, classical and new methods used for vaterite precipitation are presented. Furthermore, the key parameters affecting the formation of spherical vaterite are discussed.
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