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Pathak P, Hacker-Prietz A, Herman JM, Zheng L, He J, Narang AK. Variation in outcomes and practice patterns among patients with localized pancreatic cancer: the impact of the pancreatic cancer multidisciplinary clinic. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1427775. [PMID: 39055559 PMCID: PMC11269111 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1427775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients with localized pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) benefit from multi-modality therapy. Whether care patterns and oncologic outcomes vary if a patient was seen through a pancreatic multi-disciplinary clinic (PMDC) versus only individual specialty clinics is unclear. Methods Using institutional Pancreatic Cancer Registry, we identified patients with localized PDAC from 2019- 2022 who eventually underwent resection. It was our standard practice for borderline resectable (BRPC) patients to undergo ≤4 months of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, ± radiation, followed by exploration, while locally advanced (LAPC) patients were treated with 4-6 months of chemotherapy, followed by radiation and potential exploration. Descriptive and multivariable analyses (MVA) were performed to examine the association between clinic type (PMDC vs individual specialty clinics i.e. surgical oncology, medical oncology, or radiation oncology) and study outcomes. Results A total of 416 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 267 (64.2%) had PMDC visits. PMDC group received radiation therapy more commonly (53.9% versus 27.5%, p=0.001), as compared to individual specialty clinic group. Completion of neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) was far more frequent in patients seen through PMDC compared to patients seen through individual specialty clinics (69.3% vs 48.9%). On MVA, PMDC group was significantly associated with receipt of NAT per institutional standards (adjusted OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.46-7.07, p=0.006). Moreover, the average treatment effect of PMDC on progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.45 (95CI: 0.87-8.03) months. No significant association between overall survival (OS) and clinic type was observed. Discussion Provision of care through PMDC was associated with significantly higher odds of completing NAT per institutional standards as compared to individual specialty clinics, which possibly translated into improved PFS. The development of multidisciplinary clinics for management of pancreatic cancer should be incentivized, and any barriers to such development should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pathak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy Hacker-Prietz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M. Herman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jin He
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amol K. Narang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Zgardau A, Hathi K, Fowler J, Mullowney T, Price A, Husein M, Graham ME, Dzioba A, Madou E, Strychowsky JE. Carbon Footprint Reduction Associated With Multidisciplinary Pediatric Airway Clinics: A Program Evaluation Study. OTO Open 2024; 8:e167. [PMID: 38974174 PMCID: PMC11222738 DOI: 10.1002/oto2.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Health care is a significant contributor to the climate crisis. Multidisciplinary clinics (MDC) may reduce carbon emissions by combining multiple appointments into one. This is the first program evaluation study to quantify the carbon footprint associated with multidisciplinary pediatric airway clinics. Study Design Retrospective. Setting Children's Hospital at London Health Sciences Center, London, Canada. Methods Pediatric airway MDC allows patients to see otolaryngology and respirology in one appointment. The carbon and financial savings (Canadian Dollars) of all patients attending the MDC from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022 were calculated. Patient postal codes and institutional parking rates were inputted into the CASCADES carbon accounting tool. Total distance was divided into unsustainable (vehicles) and sustainable (transit, walking, cycling) transportation to calculate carbon emissions. Travel costs included cost/kilometer for vehicles (maintenance, license/registration, insurance, fuel) and costs/ride for transit. Results A total of 560 MDC appointments for 300 patients saved 77,785 km. Total carbon emissions saved from travel averted was 16.21 tonnes. The total carbon emissions saved, minus public transit, was 15.60 tonnes. Using the Natural Resources Canada Greenhouse Gas Equivalencies Calculator, 16.21 tonnes are approximately equivalent to 5 passenger vehicles, 6906 L of gasoline, 3.8 homes' energy, and 10.8 homes' electricity use for one year, 36.6 barrels of oil consumed, and 675 propane cylinders. Travel costs of $28,891.83 (no parking), $30,519.40 ($4 minimum parking fee), or $33,774.55 ($12 maximum parking fee) were saved. Conclusion MDC effectively reduced carbon emissions and offered patients financial savings. Similar models can be adapted across institutions to help mitigate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Zgardau
- Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Kalpesh Hathi
- Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Department of SurgeryDalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova ScotiaCanada
| | - James Fowler
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Tara Mullowney
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of RespirologyWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - April Price
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of RespirologyWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Murad Husein
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - M. Elise Graham
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Edward Madou
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Julie E. Strychowsky
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
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Golemiec B, Robertson M, Poon V, Foley M, Parker CM, McGann C, O'Callaghan N, Digby GC. Improving Access to Care, Patient Costs, and Environmental Impact Through a Community Outreach Lung Cancer Rapid Assessment Clinic. JCO Oncol Pract 2024:OP2300657. [PMID: 38696740 DOI: 10.1200/op.23.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In Southeastern Ontario, increased patient distance from the regional lung cancer diagnostic assessment program (LDAP) is associated with a lower likelihood of patient care via LDAP while receiving care via LDAP is associated with improved survival. We implemented an LDAP outreach clinic to provide specialist assessment for patients with suspected lung cancer at a regional community hospital and assessed the impact on timeliness and accessibility of care. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Kingston Health Sciences Centre LDAP team engaged with community hospital partners to develop and launch the LDAP outreach clinic. We performed a retrospective chart review of LDAP patients (N = 1,070) before (August-November 2021; n = 234) and after implementation of the outreach clinic (November 2021-October 2022; n = 836). Descriptive data are reported as No. (%). Unpaired t tests and statistical process control charts assess for significance. A cost analysis of out-of-pocket patient costs related to travel and parking is presented in 2022 Canadian dollars (CAD). RESULTS Compared with a 3-month matched time period before (August-October 2021) and after outreach clinic (August-October 2022), the mean time from referral to assessment and time from referral to diagnosis decreased from 20.3 to 14.4 days (P = .0019) and 40.0 to 28.9 days (P = .0007), respectively. Over 12 months, the total patient travel was reduced by 8,856 km, which combined with parking cost-savings, resulted in patient out-of-pocket savings of CAD $5,755.60 (CAD $47.60/patient). Accounting for physician travel, the total travel saved was 5,688 km, corresponding to reduced CO2 emissions by 1.9 tCO2. CONCLUSION Implementation of a lung cancer outreach clinic led to improved timeliness of care, patient cost-savings, and reduced carbon footprint while serving patients in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanne Golemiec
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Madison Robertson
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Poon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary Foley
- Kingston Health Sciences Center, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher M Parker
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Craig McGann
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole O'Callaghan
- Cancer Center of Southeastern Ontario, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Geneviève C Digby
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Jovanoski N, Abogunrin S, Di Maio D, Belleli R, Hudson P, Bhadti S, Jones LG. Systematic Literature Review to Identify Cost and Resource Use Data in Patients with Early-Stage Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). PHARMACOECONOMICS 2023; 41:1437-1452. [PMID: 37389802 PMCID: PMC10570243 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 2 million new cases and 1.76 million deaths occur annually due to lung cancer, with the main histological subtype being non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The costs and resource use associated with NSCLC are important considerations to understand the economic impact imposed by the disease on patients, caregivers and healthcare services. OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic literature review (SLR) is to provide a comprehensive overview of the available direct medical costs, direct non-medical costs, indirect costs, cost drivers and resource use data available for patients with early-stage NSCLC. METHODS Electronic searches were conducted via the Ovid platform in March 2021 and June 2022 and were supplemented by grey literature searches. Eligible patients had early-stage (stage I-III) resectable NSCLC and received treatment in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. There was no restriction on intervention or comparators. Publication date was restricted to 2011 onwards, and English language publications or non-English language publications with an English abstract were of primary interest. Due to the anticipation of many studies meeting the inclusion criteria, analyses were restricted to full publications from countries of primary interest (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Spain, UK and the US) and those with > 200 patients. The Molinier checklist was applied to conduct quality assessment. RESULTS Forty-two full publications met the eligibility criteria and were included in this SLR. Early-stage NSCLC was associated with significant direct medical costs and healthcare utilisation, and the economic burden of the disease increased with its progression. Surgery was the primary cost driver in stage I patients, but as patients progressed to stage II and III, treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and inpatient care became the main cost drivers. There was no significant difference in resource use between patients with early-stage disease. However, these data were heavily US-centric and there was a paucity of data relating to direct non-medical and indirect costs associated with early-stage NSCLC. CONCLUSIONS Preventing disease progression for patients with NSCLC could reduce the economic burden of NSCLC on patients, caregivers and healthcare systems. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the available cost and resource use data in this indication, which is important in guiding the decisions of policy makers regarding the allocation of resources. However, it also indicates a need for more studies comparing the economic impact of NSCLC in markets in addition to the US.
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Cohen-Cutler S, Blatt J, Bayliff S, Iacobas I, Hammill A, Sisk BA. Vascular Anomalies Care in the United States: A Cross-Sectional National Survey. J Pediatr 2023; 261:113579. [PMID: 37353145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the current distribution, composition, and practice patterns of multidisciplinary vascular anomalies (VAs) teams in the US. STUDY DESIGN This is a cross-sectional survey of children's hospitals in the US offering VAs care. We approached 142 children's hospitals that provided care for VAs via email. The survey evaluated VA clinic location, medical staffing, research participation, and treatments offered. The survey was administered between October 2021 and July 2022. RESULTS Participants from 95 eligible hospitals responded to the survey (response rate = 67%). Large areas of the Midwest and Northwest US had no available multidisciplinary VA teams or clinics. Most respondents worked at academic centers (89%), with 66% at a freestanding children's hospital, and 56% reported having a multidisciplinary clinic. Most common physician participants in clinic included hematology-oncology (91%), interventional radiology (87%), dermatology (85%), plastic surgery (81%), and otolaryngology (74%). Only 38% of programs included medical geneticists. Smaller hospitals had fewer medical and ancillary staff and offered fewer therapeutic options. Research was available at most larger institutions (69%) but less commonly at smaller hospitals (34%). CONCLUSIONS Major portions of the US lack multidisciplinary VA care. Furthermore, VA programs vary in composition and geneticists are absent from the majority of programs. These findings should inform efforts to address disparate access and develop standards of care for multidisciplinary VA care in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Cohen-Cutler
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA; Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Julie Blatt
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sherry Bayliff
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky Chandler Medical Center, Lexington, KY
| | - Ionela Iacobas
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Vascular Anomalies Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX
| | - Adrienne Hammill
- Division of Hematology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Bryan A Sisk
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Bioethics Research Center, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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O'Neill H, Robertson M, Kain D, Syed I, Pauli G, Parker CM, Digby GC. Improving Access and Timeliness of Early Palliative Care Specialist Assessment for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer in a Rapid Assessment Clinic. J Palliat Med 2023; 26:1365-1373. [PMID: 37437122 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2022.0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Integrating palliative care in the management of patients with lung cancer improves quality of life, patient satisfaction, and overall survival. However, few patients receive timely palliative care consultation. The Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program (LDAP) in Southeastern Ontario is a multidisciplinary rapid assessment clinic that expedites the diagnosis and management of patients with suspected lung cancer. Objectives: We sought to increase the percentage of LDAP patients with stage IV lung cancer receiving palliative care consultation within three months of diagnosis. Design: We integrated a palliative care specialist in LDAP to facilitate in-person, same-visit consultation for patients with a new lung cancer diagnosis. Setting/Subjects: Five hundred fifty patients in a Canadian academic center (154 initial baseline, 104 COVID baseline, 292 post-palliative care integration). Measurements: Baseline data were established using retrospective chart review (February-June 2020 and December 2020-March 2021 due to COVID-19 pandemic). Data were collected prospectively to assess improvement (March-August 2021). Statistical Process Control charts assessed for special cause variation; chi-square tests assessed for differences between groups. Results: The percentage of patients with stage IV lung cancer seen by palliative care within three months increased from 21.8% (12/55) during early-COVID baseline to 49.2% (32/65) after palliative care integration (p < 0.006). Palliative care integration in LDAP reduced mean time from referral to consultation from 24.8 to 12.3 days, including same-day consultation for 15/32 (46.8%) patients with stage IV disease. Conclusions: Integrating palliative care specialists into LDAP improved the timeliness of palliative care assessment for patients with stage IV lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah O'Neill
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Madison Robertson
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Danielle Kain
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Palliative Care, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Imran Syed
- School of Medicine, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Griffin Pauli
- School of Medicine, and Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher M Parker
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Geneviève C Digby
- Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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AlGhamdi S, Kong W, Brundage M, Eisenhauer EA, Parker CM, Digby GC. Characterizing Variability in Lung Cancer Outcomes and Influence of a Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program in Southeastern Ontario, Canada. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:4880-4896. [PMID: 37232826 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol30050368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regional variability in lung cancer (LC) outcomes exists across Canada, including in the province of Ontario. The Lung Diagnostic Assessment Program (LDAP) in southeastern (SE) Ontario is a rapid-assessment clinic that expedites the management of patients with suspected LC. We evaluated the association of LDAP management with LC outcomes, including survival, and characterized the variability in LC outcomes across SE Ontario. METHODS We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study by identifying patients with newly diagnosed LC through the Ontario Cancer Registry (January 2017-December 2019) and linked to the LDAP database to identify LDAP-managed patients. Descriptive data were collected. Using a Cox model approach, we compared 2-year survival for patients managed through LDAP vs. non-LDAP. RESULTS We identified 1832 patients, 1742 of whom met the inclusion criteria (47% LDAP-managed and 53% non-LDAP). LDAP management was associated with a lower probability of dying at 2 years (HR 0.76 vs. non-LDAP, p < 0.0001). Increasing distance from the LDAP was associated with a lower likelihood of LDAP management (OR 0.78 for every 20 km increase, p < 0.0001). LDAP-managed patients were more likely to receive specialist assessment and undergo treatments. CONCLUSIONS In SE Ontario, initial diagnostic care provided via LDAP was independently associated with improved survival in patients with LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahad AlGhamdi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Weidong Kong
- Cancer Care and Epidemiology Research Unit, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Michael Brundage
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | | | - Christopher M Parker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
| | - Geneviève C Digby
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, Canada
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Erashdi M, Al-Ani A, Mansour A, Al-Hussaini M. Libyan cancer patients at King Hussein Cancer Center for more than a decade, the current situation, and a future vision. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1025757. [PMID: 36776359 PMCID: PMC9911041 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1025757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since 2011, the Libyan civil war crisis had affected all dimensions of livelihood including cancer care. This has resulted in a steady incline in the number of Libyan patients with cancer seeking oncologic care and management in Tunisia, Egypt and Jordan, among others. King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) has been one of the main destinations for Libyan patients with cancer for more than a decade. Aim We are reporting on the characteristics of Libyan patients with cancer presenting to KHCC during the past fourteen years. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of all Libyan patients with cancer presenting to KHCC between 2006 and 2019. Results A total of 3170 records were included in the final analysis. The overall sample was predominantly adults (71%) with a male-to-female ratio of 1:1.2. Overall, the most common referred cancers to KHCC were breast (21%), hematolymphoid (HL) (17%), and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) (16.2%) cancers. Breast cancer was the most common among adult females (41.7%), GIT among adult males (23.6%), and HL among pediatrics (38.5%). Around 37.8% of patients presented with distant metastasis at their first encounter at KHCC, among which 14.7% were candidates for palliative care. Conclusion The sustenance of treatment for Libyan patients with cancer requires extensive collaboration between governmental and private sectors. The Libyan oncological landscape could benefit from national screening and awareness programs, twining programs and telemedicine, introduction of multidisciplinary boards, and the formulation of a national cancer registry. Adopting the successful models at KHCC can help to augment the oncology services within the Libyan healthcare sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Erashdi
- Department of Pathology, James Cook University Hospital, South Tees National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
| | - Abdallah Al-Ani
- Office of Scientific Affairs and Research, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Asem Mansour
- Human Research Participants Protection Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan
| | - Maysa Al-Hussaini
- Human Research Participants Protection Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan,*Correspondence: Maysa Al-Hussaini,
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Cost effectiveness analysis of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) versus stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for early stage renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:e353-e361. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Zhang J, Oberoi J, Karnchanachari N, IJzerman MJ, Bergin RJ, Druce P, Franchini F, Emery JD. A systematic overview on risk factors and effective interventions to reduce time to diagnosis and treatment in lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2022; 166:27-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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