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Pyszko P, Šigutová H, Kolařík M, Kostovčík M, Ševčík J, Šigut M, Višňovská D, Drozd P. Mycobiomes of two distinct clades of ambrosia gall midges (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) are species-specific in larvae but similar in nutritive mycelia. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0283023. [PMID: 38095510 PMCID: PMC10782975 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Ambrosia gall midges are endophagous insect herbivores whose larvae live enclosed within a single gall for their entire development period. They may exhibit phytomycetophagy, a remarkable feeding mode that involves the consumption of plant biomass and mycelia of their cultivated gall symbionts. Thus, AGMs are ideal model organisms for studying the role of microorganisms in the evolution of host specificity in insects. However, compared to other fungus-farming insects, insect-fungus mutualism in AGMs has been neglected. Our study is the first to use DNA metabarcoding to characterize the complete mycobiome of the entire system of the gall-forming insects as we profiled gall surfaces, nutritive mycelia, and larvae. Interestingly, larval mycobiomes were significantly different from their nutritive mycelia, although Botryosphaeria dothidea dominated the nutritive mycelia, regardless of the evolutionary separation of the tribes studied. Therefore, we confirmed a long-time hypothesized paradigm for the important evolutionary association of this fungus with AGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pyszko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Šigutová
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kostovčík
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Ševčík
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šigut
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denisa Višňovská
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drozd
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Sun JE, Meng CR, Phillips AJL, Wang Y. Two new Botryosphaeria (Botryosphaeriales, Botryosphaeriaceae) species in China. MycoKeys 2022; 94:1-16. [PMID: 36760539 PMCID: PMC9836432 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.94.91340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Five ascomycetous strains were isolated from dead branches and leaves of Salix (Salicaceae) and Osmanthusfragrans (Oleaceae), respectively. BLAST searches with ITS sequences in GenBank suggested a high degree of similarity to Botryosphaeriadothidea. To accurately identify these strains, we further analysed their morphological characteristics of asci, ascospores, all conidiophore cells and conidia. Phylogenetic relationships, based on ITS, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 gene sequences, confirmed our strains represented two novel species, which are introduced here as B.salicicola and B.osmanthuse spp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-E Sun
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Chao-Rong Meng
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
| | - Alan J. L. Phillips
- Faculty of Sciences, Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisbon, PortugalUniversity of LisbonCampo GrandePortugal
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agricultural College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, ChinaGuizhou UniversityGuiyangChina
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Nicoletti R, Becchimanzi A. Ecological and Molecular Interactions between Insects and Fungi. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10010096. [PMID: 35056545 PMCID: PMC8779020 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects and fungi represent two of the most widespread groupings of organisms in nature, occurring in every kind of ecological context and impacting agriculture and other human activities in various ways. Moreover, they can be observed to reciprocally interact, establishing a wide range of symbiotic relationships, from mutualism to antagonism. The outcome of these relationships can in turn affect the extent at which species of both organisms can exert their noxious effects, as well as the management practices which are to be adopted to counter them. In conjunction with the launch of a Special Issue of Microorganisms with the same title, this article offers a general overview of the manifold aspects related to such interactions from the perspective of implementing our capacity to regulate them in a direction more favorable for the environment, crop production and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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Can Electrochemical Sensors Be Used for Identification and Phylogenetic Studies in Lamiaceae? SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248216. [PMID: 34960306 PMCID: PMC8706286 DOI: 10.3390/s21248216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical sensors have shown potential in recent years for plant species identification and phylogenetic studies. These works have been used to investigate the affinities of different species in many genera. However, the ability of electrochemical sensors to study relationships between different genera within a family has not been investigated. In this work, we selected 31 species in the Labiatae and 5 exotaxa as subjects to investigate the feasibility of electrochemical sensors at the genus level. The results show that electrochemical sensors are still very effective for the identification of these plants. Different pattern recognition techniques can make the identification more efficient. Also, the fingerprint profiles collected by the sensors can be used for phylogenetic studies of Labiatae. The phylogram divides all the species into five clusters, where the exotaxa are in one cluster. Species in the Labiatae are mainly distributed in four other clusters. Importantly, the different genera of species all showed close affinities, representing that electrochemical fingerprinting can well distinguish the affinities between the different genera. The results of this work demonstrate the great potential of electrochemical sensors in the study of plant phylogeny. Its application is not limited to the study at the species level, but can be extended to the genus level.
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An Integrative Study on Asphondylia spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), Causing Flower Galls on Lamiaceae, with Description, Phenology, and Associated Fungi of Two New Species. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12110958. [PMID: 34821759 PMCID: PMC8619354 DOI: 10.3390/insects12110958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
An integrative study on some species of Asphondylia was carried out. Two species of gall midges from Italy, Asphondylia rivelloi sp. nov. and Asphondylia micromeriae sp. nov. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), causing flower galls respectively on Clinopodium vulgare and Micromeria graeca (Lamiaceae), are described and illustrated. The characteristics of each developmental stage and induced galls are described, which allowed the discrimination of these new species in the complex of Asphondylia developing on Lamiaceae plants. Molecular data based on sequencing both nuclear (ITS2 and 28S-D2) and mitochondrial (COI) genes are also provided in support of this discrimination. Phylogeny based on nuclear markers is consistent with the new species, whereas COI phylogeny suggests introgression occurring between the two species. However, these species can also be easily identified using a morphological approach. Phenology of host plants and gall midges are described, and some peculiar characteristics allow the complete and confident discrimination and revision of the treated species. Gall-associated fungi were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea,Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp.
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The Diversity and Dynamics of Fungi in Dryocosmus kuriphilus Community. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12050426. [PMID: 34068526 PMCID: PMC8151921 DOI: 10.3390/insects12050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Dryocosmus kuriphilus is an invasive pest species which is native to China and is widely distributed in Asia, Europe and North America. D. kuriphilus induces insect galls on chestnut trees, and fungi can cause the necrosis of chestnut trees and the death of D. kuriphilus. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential role of D. kuriphilus in the transmission of fungi. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus adults shared most fungal species with associated insect galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima, and were dominated by Botryosphaeria sp., Aspergillus sp. and Diaporthe sp. Furthermore, we suggest that D. kuriphilus adults may be potential vectors of plant pathogens and mediate the transmission of fungi between chestnut trees. Abstract Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) is a gall wasp that induces insect galls on chestnut trees and results in massive yield losses worldwide. Fungi can cause the necrosis of chestnut trees and the death of gall wasps. The aim of this research was to investigate the potential role of D. kuriphilus in the transmission of fungi. We sequenced the ribosomal RNA internal transcribed spacer region 1 of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs of Castanea mollissima, using high-throughput sequencing. We compared the species richness, α-diversity and community structure of fungi in D. kuriphilus adults, insect galls and the galled twigs. We provide the first evidence that D. kuriphilus adults shared most fungal species with associated insect galls and the galled twigs, and were dominated by Botryosphaeria sp., Aspergillus sp. and Diaporthe sp. We suggest D. kuriphilus adults may be potential vectors of plant pathogens and may facilitate the transmission of fungi between chestnut trees. Furthermore, the fungi may horizontally transmit among D. kuriphilus adults, associated insect galls and the galled twigs.
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Hattori Y, Ando Y, Sasaki A, Uechi N, Nakashima C. Taxonomical Study of Noteworthy Species of Botryosphaeria in Japan. MYCOBIOLOGY 2021; 49:122-132. [PMID: 37970183 PMCID: PMC10635109 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2021.1895486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The reexamination of the fungal genus Botryosphaeria on 12 plant species of 10 families was carried out based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using the regions of translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit, and internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and morphological characteristics. Japanese isolates were divided into five clades and include Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. qingyuanensis, B. sinensis, and Botryosphaeria spp. Two species, B. qingyuanensis and B. sinensis have been newly added to the Japanese mycoflora, but their host plants are not specified. Botryosphaeria tenuispora isolated from Leucothoe fontanesiana and insect galls on fruits of Aucuba japonica has been proposed as a new species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukako Hattori
- Graduate School of Bioresources, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Japan
| | - Yuho Ando
- Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsuko Sasaki
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Morioka, Japan
| | - Nami Uechi
- Division of Fruit Production and Postharvest Science, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Japan
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Zimowska B, Becchimanzi A, Krol ED, Furmanczyk A, Bensch K, Nicoletti R. New Cladosporium Species from Normal and Galled Flowers of Lamiaceae. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10030369. [PMID: 33808618 PMCID: PMC8003538 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10030369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of isolates of Cladosporium spp. were recovered in the course of a cooperative study on galls formed by midges of the genus Asphondylia (Diptera, Cecidomyidae) on several species of Lamiaceae. The finding of these fungi in both normal and galled flowers was taken as an indication that they do not have a definite relationship with the midges. Moreover, identification based on DNA sequencing showed that these isolates are taxonomically heterogeneous and belong to several species which are classified in two different species complexes. Two new species, Cladosporium polonicum and Cladosporium neapolitanum, were characterized within the Cladosporium cladosporioides species complex based on strains from Poland and Italy, respectively. Evidence concerning the possible existence of additional taxa within the collective species C. cladosporioides and C. pseudocladosporioides is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zimowska
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Andrea Becchimanzi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Ewa Dorota Krol
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Agnieszka Furmanczyk
- Department of Plant Protection, University of Life Sciences, 20-068 Lublin, Poland; (B.Z.); (E.D.K.); (A.F.)
| | - Konstanze Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Rosario Nicoletti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Nicoletti R, Beccaro GL, Sekara A, Cirillo C, Di Vaio C. Endophytic Fungi and Ecological Fitness of Chestnuts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:542. [PMID: 33805750 PMCID: PMC7999096 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chestnuts (Castanea spp.) are plants of relevant economic interest in the agro-sylvicultural contexts of mountain regions throughout the temperate zone, particularly in the northern hemisphere. In recent years, several biological adversities have repeatedly endangered species belonging to this genus, calling for coordinated actions addressed to contrast their decline. These actions have mainly focused on the control of key pests/pathogens and the improvement of resistance/tolerance by the plant host, while the role of microorganisms as mediators of interactions between plants and the noxious agents has been less considered, essentially by reason of a limited knowledge on their ecological impact. In line with the increasing awareness of the basic importance of microbial symbionts in regulating plant fitness in both natural and crop contexts, this paper offers an overview on the occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi of chestnuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Research Center for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Loris Beccaro
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Agnieszka Sekara
- Department of Horticulture, University of Agriculture, 31-425 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Claudio Di Vaio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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Nicoletti R, Di Vaio C, Cirillo C. Endophytic Fungi of Olive Tree. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1321. [PMID: 32872625 PMCID: PMC7565531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the general interest connected with investigations on biodiversity in natural contexts, more recently the scientific community has started considering occurrence of endophytic fungi in crops in the awareness of the fundamental role played by these microorganisms on plant growth and protection. Crops such as olive tree, whose management is more and more frequently based on the paradigm of sustainable agriculture, are particularly interested in the perspective of a possible applicative employment, considering that the multi-year crop cycle implies a likely higher impact of these symbiotic interactions. Aspects concerning occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi associated with olive tree (Olea europaea) are revised in the present paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Claudio Di Vaio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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