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Umur E, Bulut SB, Yiğit P, Bayrak E, Arkan Y, Arslan F, Baysoy E, Kaleli-Can G, Ayan B. Exploring the Role of Hormones and Cytokines in Osteoporosis Development. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1830. [PMID: 39200293 PMCID: PMC11351445 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The disease of osteoporosis is characterized by impaired bone structure and an increased risk of fractures. There is a significant impact of cytokines and hormones on bone homeostasis and the diagnosis of osteoporosis. As defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), osteoporosis is defined as having a bone mineral density (BMD) that is 2.5 standard deviations (SD) or more below the average for young and healthy women (T score < -2.5 SD). Cytokines and hormones, particularly in the remodeling of bone between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, control the differentiation and activation of bone cells through cytokine networks and signaling pathways like the nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/the receptor of RANKL (RANK)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis, while estrogen, parathyroid hormones, testosterone, and calcitonin influence bone density and play significant roles in the treatment of osteoporosis. This review aims to examine the roles of cytokines and hormones in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, evaluating current diagnostic methods, and highlighting new technologies that could help for early detection and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egemen Umur
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Safiye Betül Bulut
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Pelin Yiğit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Emirhan Bayrak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Yaren Arkan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Fahriye Arslan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Engin Baysoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul 34353, Türkiye
| | - Gizem Kaleli-Can
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, İzmir Democracy University, İzmir 35140, Türkiye
| | - Bugra Ayan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Yao Q, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Chen H, Dong X, Ye Z, Liang H. EZH2-H3K27me3-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing of DKK1 Induces Nucleus Pulposus Cell Pyroptosis in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Activating NLRP3 and NAIP/NLRC4. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02096-1. [PMID: 39052181 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) cell pyroptosis is crucial for intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). However, the precise mechanisms underlying pyroptosis in IDD remain elusive. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how dickkopf-1 (DKK1) influences NP cell pyroptosis and delineate the regulatory mechanisms of IDD. Behavioral tests and histological examinations were conducted in rat IDD models to assess the effect of DKK1 on the structure and function of intervertebral discs. Detected pyroptosis levels using Hoechst 33,342/propidium iodide (PI) double staining, and determined pyroptosis-related protein expression via western blotting. The cellular mechanisms of DKK1 in pyroptosis were explored in interleukin (IL)-1β-induced NP cells transfected with or without DKK1 overexpression plasmids (oe-DKK1). In addition, IL-1β-treated NP cells transfected with sh-EZH2 and/or sh-DKK1 were utilized to clarify the interplay between the enhancer of zeste homologue 2 (EZH2) and DKK1 in pyroptosis. Additionally, the epigenetic regulation of DKK1 by EZH2 was explored in NP cells treated with the EZH2 inhibitors GSK126/DZNep. DKK1 expression decreased in IDD rats. Transfection with oe-DKK1 reduced pro-inflammatory factors and extracellular matrix markers in IDD rats. In IL-1β-induced NP cells, DKK1 overexpression suppressed pyroptosis and inhibited the NLRP3 and NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activation. EZH2 knockdown increased DKK1 expression and reduced pyroptosis-related proteins. Conversely, DKK1 downregulation reversed the inhibitory effects of EZH2 knockdown on pyroptosis. Furthermore, EZH2 suppressed DKK1 expression via H3K27 methylation at the DKK1 promoter. EZH2 negatively regulates DKK1 expression via H3K27me3 methylation, promoting NP cell pyroptosis in IDD patients. This regulatory effect involves the activation of NLRP3 and NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Yao
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Yue Lei
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Yongxu Zhang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Xiaowei Dong
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Ye
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Haidong Liang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Repair and Reconstructive Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 467 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China.
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Jha SS. Biologics: Teriparatide and Newer Anabolics. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:135-146. [PMID: 38107803 PMCID: PMC10721587 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01063-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The landscape of osteoporosis management has evolved significantly over the years, witnessing a paradigm shift from conventional therapies to the emergence of biologic agents. This chapter delves into the intricate mechanisms, potential applications, and future directions of biologic interventions in osteoporosis care. Biologic agents, with their targeted approach to bone health, have revolutionized the field by offering precision-driven strategies that address the underlying mechanisms of bone fragility. This chapter explores the mechanisms of action of various biologics, including Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand (RANKL) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies targeting sclerostin, parathyroid hormone (PTH) analogues, and cathepsin K inhibitors. It discusses their potential benefits, limitations, and safety considerations, while shedding light on the promise of combination therapies that merge biologic agents with traditional approaches. Furthermore, the chapter delves into the potential applications of biologic agents in specific patient populations, the role of biomarkers in predicting treatment responses, and the influence of emerging biological targets. It also explores the advancements in novel targets and drug delivery systems that aim to enhance treatment convenience and effectiveness. By tailoring treatments based on patient characteristics and exploring novel therapeutic targets, the chapter envisions a future of precision medicine in osteoporosis care. As research continues to evolve, the chapter anticipates a transformative impact on bone health outcomes, fracture prevention, and overall quality of life for individuals at risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Through comprehensive insights into the mechanisms, applications, and future directions of biologic agents, this chapter offers a holistic perspective on the evolving landscape of osteoporosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Shankar Jha
- Harishchandra Institute of Orthopaedics & Research, Allahabad, India
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Sheng R, Cao M, Song M, Wang M, Zhang Y, Shi L, Xie T, Li Y, Wang J, Rui Y. Muscle-bone crosstalk via endocrine signals and potential targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture. J Orthop Translat 2023; 43:36-46. [PMID: 38021216 PMCID: PMC10654153 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteosarcopenia is a syndrome coexisting sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis, with a high fracture risk. Recently, skeletal muscle and bone have been recognized as endocrine organs capable of communication through secreting myokines and osteokines, respectively. With a deeper understanding of the muscle-bone crosstalk, these endocrine signals exhibit an important role in osteosarcopenia development and fracture healing. Methods This review summarizes the role of myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosarcopenia and fracture, and discusses their potential for osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment. Results Several well-defined myokines (myostatin and irisin) and osteokines (RANKL and SOST) are found to not only regulate skeletal muscle and bone metabolism but also influence fracture healing processes. Systemic interventions targeting these biochemical signals has shown promising results in improving the mass and functions of skeletal muscle and bone, as well as accelerating fracture healing processes. Conclusion The regulation of muscle-bone crosstalk via biochemical signals presents a novel and promising strategy for treating osteosarcopenia and fracture by simultaneously enhancing bone and muscle anabolism. We propose that myostatin, irisin, RANKL, and SOST may serve as potential targets to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. The translational potential of this article Osteosarcopenia is an emerging geriatric syndrome where sarcopenia and osteoporosis coexist, with high fracture risk, delayed fracture healing, and increased mortality. However, no pharmacological agent is available to treat fracture patients with osteosarcopenia. This review summarizes the role of several myokines and osteokines in the development and treatment of osteosacropenia and fracture, as well as discusses their potential as intervention targets for osteosarcopenia-related fracture, which provides a novel and promising strategy for future osteosarcopenia-related fracture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwang Sheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mumin Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingyuan Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mingyue Wang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Liu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Tian Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingjuan Li
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Department of Geriatrics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jinyu Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yunfeng Rui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) for Geriatric Hip Fracture Management, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Orthopaedic Trauma Institute (OTI), Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
- Trauma Center, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China
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Luo ZH, Ma JX, Zhang W, Tian AX, Gong SW, Li Y, Lai YX, Ma XL. Alterations in the microenvironment and the effects produced of TRPV5 in osteoporosis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:327. [PMID: 37198647 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of osteoporosis involves multiple factors, among which alterations in the bone microenvironment play a crucial role in disrupting normal bone metabolic balance. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 5 (TRPV5), a member of the TRPV family, is an essential determinant of the bone microenvironment, acting at multiple levels to influence its properties. TRPV5 exerts a pivotal influence on bone through the regulation of calcium reabsorption and transportation while also responding to steroid hormones and agonists. Although the metabolic consequences of osteoporosis, such as loss of bone calcium, reduced mineralization capacity, and active osteoclasts, have received significant attention, this review focuses on the changes in the osteoporotic microenvironment and the specific effects of TRPV5 at various levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Heng Luo
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Xiong Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ai-Xian Tian
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Wei Gong
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Lai
- Centre for Translational Medicine Research & Development, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xue Yuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xin-Long Ma
- Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Jie Fang Nan Road 406, Tianjin, 300211, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, People's Republic of China.
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Chin KY, Ng BN, Rostam MKI, Muhammad Fadzil NFD, Raman V, Mohamed Yunus F, Mark-Lee WF, Chong YY, Qian J, Zhang Y, Qu H, Syed Hashim SA, Ekeuku SO. Effects of E'Jiao on Skeletal Mineralisation, Osteocyte and WNT Signalling Inhibitors in Ovariectomised Rats. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020570. [PMID: 36836927 PMCID: PMC9961805 DOI: 10.3390/life13020570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
E'Jiao is a traditional Chinese medicine derived from donkey skin. E'Jiao is reported to suppress elevated bone remodelling in ovariectomised rats but its mechanism of action is not known. To bridge this research gap, the current study aims to investigate the effects of E'Jiao on skeletal mineralisation, osteocyte and WNT signalling inhibitors in ovariectomised rats. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were ovariectomised and supplemented with E'Jiao at 0.26 g/kg, 0.53 g/kg and 1.06 g/kg, or 1% calcium carbonate (w/v) in drinking water. The rats were euthanised after two months of supplementation and their bones were collected for Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, histomorphometry and protein analysis. Neither ovariectomy nor treatment affected the skeletal mineral/matrix ratio, osteocyte number, empty lacunar number, and Dickkopf-1 and sclerostin protein levels (p > 0.05). Rats treated with calcium carbonate had a higher Dickkopf-1 level than baseline (p = 0.002) and E'Jiao at 0.53 g/kg (p = 0.002). In conclusion, E'Jiao has no significant effect on skeletal mineralisation, osteocyte and WNT signalling inhibitors in ovariectomised rats. The skeletal effect of E'Jiao might not be mediated through osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-9573
| | - Ben Nett Ng
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhd Khairik Imran Rostam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nur Farah Dhaniyah Muhammad Fadzil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Vaishnavi Raman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Farzana Mohamed Yunus
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wun Fui Mark-Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Research Center for Quantum Engineering Design, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Jl. Mulyorejo, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
| | - Yan Yi Chong
- School of Pre-University Studies, Taylor’s College, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Jing Qian
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Haibin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Syed Alhafiz Syed Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
| | - Sophia Ogechi Ekeuku
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Malaysia
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Lee WT, Fang YW, Chen M, Liou HH, Lee CJ, Tsai MH. Serum Intact Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 Levels Are Negatively Associated with Bone Mineral Density in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12041550. [PMID: 36836085 PMCID: PMC9964480 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12041550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is predominantly secreted from bone and plays an important role in mineral balance in chronic kidney disease. However, the relationship between FGF23 and bone mineral density (BMD) in chronic hemodialysis (CHD) patients remains unclear. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study that involved 43 stable outpatients on CHD. A linear regression model was used to determine risk factors for BMD. Measurements included serum hemoglobin, intact FGF23 (iFGF23), C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23), sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, α-klotho, 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone levels and dialysis profiles. (3) Results: Study participants had a mean age of 59.4 ± 12.3 years, and 65% were male. In the multivariable analysis, cFGF23 levels showed no significant associations with the BMD of the lumbar spine (p = 0.387) nor that of the femoral head (p = 0.430). However, iFGF23 levels showed a significant negative association with the BMD of the lumbar spine (p = 0.015) and that of the femoral neck (p = 0.037). (4) Conclusions: Among patients on CHD, higher serum iFGF23 levels, but not serum cFGF23 levels, were associated with lower BMD values of the lumbar spine and femoral neck. However, further research is required to validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Teng Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wei Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University School of Medicine, Taipei 242062, Taiwan
| | - Mingchih Chen
- Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
- AI Development Center, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Hsiang Liou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hsin-Jen Hospital, New Taipei City 242009, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Section 2, Chien-Kuo Rd., Hualien City 970046, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111045, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University School of Medicine, Taipei 242062, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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8
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Marcucci G, Domazetovic V, Nediani C, Ruzzolini J, Favre C, Brandi ML. Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Osteoporosis: Novel Preventive and Therapeutic Approaches. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020373. [PMID: 36829932 PMCID: PMC9952369 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports in detail the cellular and molecular mechanisms which regulate the bone remodeling process in relation to oxidative stress (OS), inflammatory factors, and estrogen deficiency. OS is considered an important pathogenic factor of osteoporosis, inducing osteocyte apoptosis and varying levels of specific factors, such as receptor activator κB ligand (RANKL), sclerostin, and, according to recent evidence, fibroblast growth factor 23, with consequent impairment of bone remodeling and high bone resorption. Bone loss increases the risk of fragility fractures, and the most commonly used treatments are antiresorptive drugs, followed by anabolic drugs or those with a double effect. In addition, recent data show that natural antioxidants contained in the diet are efficient in preventing and reducing the negative effects of OS on bone remodeling and osteocytes through the involvement of sirtuin type 1 enzyme. Indeed, osteocytes and some of their molecular factors are considered potential biological targets on which antioxidants can act to prevent and reduce bone loss, as well as to promote bone anabolic and regenerative processes by restoring physiological bone remodeling. Several data suggest including antioxidants in novel therapeutic approaches to develop better management strategies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and OS-related bone diseases. In particular, anthocyanins, as well as resveratrol, lycopene, oleuropein, some vitamins, and thiol antioxidants, could have protective and therapeutic anti-osteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Nediani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jessica Ruzzolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Claudio Favre
- Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology, Meyer Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Zhang T, Zhao Z, Wang T. Pulsed electromagnetic fields as a promising therapy for glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103515. [PMID: 36937753 PMCID: PMC10020513 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is considered the third type of osteoporosis and is accompanied by high morbidity and mortality. Long-term usage of glucocorticoids (GCs) causes worsened bone quality and low bone mass via their effects on bone cells. Currently, there are various clinical pharmacological treatments to regulate bone mass and skeletal health. Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) are applied to treat patients suffering from delayed fracture healing and non-unions. PEMFs may be considered a potential and side-effect-free therapy for GIOP. PEMFs inhibit osteoclastogenesis, stimulate osteoblastogenesis, and affect the activity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), osteocytes and blood vessels, ultimately leading to the retention of bone mass and strength. However, the underlying signaling pathways via which PEMFs influence GIOP remain unclear. This review attempts to summarize the underlying cellular mechanisms of GIOP. Furthermore, recent advances showing that PEMFs affect bone cells are discussed. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using PEMFs as therapy for GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhao
- Innovation Center for Wound Repair, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Tiantian Wang,
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Differential Expression of Dickkopf 1 and Periostin in Mouse Strains with High and Low Bone Mass. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11121840. [PMID: 36552348 PMCID: PMC9775221 DOI: 10.3390/biology11121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
By expressing different genes and proteins that regulate osteoclast as well as osteoblast formation, osteocytes orchestrate bone metabolism. The aim of this project was the evaluation of the differences in the osteocytes’ secretory activity in the low bone mass mouse strain C57BL/6J and the high bone mass strain C3H/J. The femura of eight- and sixteen-week-old male C57BL/6J and C3H/J mice—six animals per group—were analyzed. Using immunohistochemistry, osteocytes expressing dickkopf 1, sclerostin, periostin, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and osteoprotegerin were detected. By means of the OsteoMeasure-System, 92.173 osteocytes were counted. At the age of eight weeks, approximately twice as many cortical and trabecular osteocytes from the C57BL/6J mice compared to the C3H/J mice expressed dickkopf 1 (p < 0.005). The number of cortical osteocytes expressing sclerostin was also higher in the C57BL/6J mice (p < 0.05). In contrast, the cortical and trabecular osteocytes expressing periostin were twice as high in the C3H/J mice (p < 0.005). The dickkopf 1 expressing osteocytes of the C57BL/6J mice decreased with age and showed a strain-specific difference only in cortical bone by 16 weeks of age (p < 0.05). In the C3H/J mice, the amount of osteocytes expressing periostin tended to increase with age. Thus, strain-related differences were maintained in 16-week-old rodents (p < 0.005). No strain-specific differences in the expression of FGF23 or osteoprotegerin in the cortical compartment could be detected. This experimental study showed that the osteocytes’ protein expression reflects differences in bone characteristics and strain-related differences during skeletal maturation. Besides the osteocytes’ expression of sclerostin, their expression of dickkopf 1 and periostin seems to be important for bone properties as well.
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Chin KY, Ng BN, Rostam MKI, Muhammad Fadzil NFD, Raman V, Mohamed Yunus F, Syed Hashim SA, Ekeuku SO. A Mini Review on Osteoporosis: From Biology to Pharmacological Management of Bone Loss. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6434. [PMID: 36362662 PMCID: PMC9657533 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis refers to excessive bone loss as reflected by the deterioration of bone mass and microarchitecture, which compromises bone strength. It is a complex multifactorial endocrine disease. Its pathogenesis relies on the presence of several endogenous and exogenous risk factors, which skew the physiological bone remodelling to a more catabolic process that results in net bone loss. This review aims to provide an overview of osteoporosis from its biology, epidemiology and clinical aspects (detection and pharmacological management). The review will serve as an updated reference for readers to understand the basics of osteoporosis and take action to prevent and manage this disease.
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12
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Clinical Value on Combined Detection of Serum CA724, DKK1, and TK1 in Diagnosis of Gastric Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6941748. [PMID: 36276284 PMCID: PMC9586764 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6941748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the clinical value on combined detection of serum carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724), secreted protein dickkopf-1 (DKK1), and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC). Methods The clinical data of 63 GC patients (GC group) and 54 patients with benign gastric lesions (control group) admitted to Zhu Xianyi Memorial Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from June 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The levels of serum CA724, DKK1, and TK1 in the two groups were detected by electrochemiluminescence instrument, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and enhanced chemiluminescence. The diagnostic efficacy of single detection and combined detection was analyzed by drawing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results Compared with the control group, the serological indexes of patients in GC group were markedly higher (P < 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under the curve of serum CA724, DKK1, TK1, and combined detection in the diagnosis of GC were 0.849, 0.754, 0.685, and 0.923, respectively; and the sensitivity and specificity of their combined detection were higher than those of separate detection. Conclusion The levels of serum CA724, DKK1, and TK1 were highly expressed in GC patients, with a higher diagnostic value for GC in their combined detection, which can effectively screen and assist the diagnosis of GC.
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ALTINIŞIK HB, ALTINIŞIK U, AŞIK M. SIRS tanılı hastalarda enflamasyon ve kemik döngüsü arasındaki ilişkinin sklerostin ve Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) düzeyleri ile değerlendirilmesi. FAMILY PRACTICE AND PALLIATIVE CARE 2022. [DOI: 10.22391/fppc.1102573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: In intensive care units (ICU), patients remain bedridden for a long time. In addition, severe infections are frequently seen in ICUs. Both prolonged immobilization and serious infections are associated with bone tissue loss. The Wnt pathway has recently been focused on evaluating bone tissue loss. The Wnt pathway participates in both infections and the formation of bone tissue. Wnt pathway inhibitors sclerostin and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) inhibit bone formation and increase osteoclastic activity. In this study, we aimed to examine bone turnover by the Wnt inhibitors sclerostin and DKK-1 and their possible associations with inflammation in SIRS patients.Methods: We included 30 patients diagnosed with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in the study group and 16 in the control group. Serum sclerostin, DKK-1, white blood cell (WBC), and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels on the day of SIRS diagnosis (basal), the 7th, 14th, and 21stdays were evaluated in the study group, and the results were compared with the control group.Results: When the control group was compared with the basal SIRS, there was a significant elevation in both sclerostin (p=0.003) and DKK-1 (p=0.001). Statistical analysis showed significant decreases in sclerostin levels between basal and the 7th, 14th, and 21st days (p=0.033, p=0.003, p=0.002, respectively). Similarly, significant decreases in DKK-1 levels between basal and the 7th and 21st days (p=0.015, p=0.001, respectively) and an insignificant decrease on the 14th day (p=0.191) was observed. Sclerostin was positively and significantly correlated with WBC and CRP in basal and 7th-day measurements and WBC in 7th and 14th days. DKK-1 is positively and significantly correlated with WBC in basal and 7th-daymeasurements, while DKK-1 negatively correlates with CRP in basal-7th-day measurements.Conclusion: In this study, it was shown for the first time that the Wnt antagonists sclerostin and DKK-1 values are high in SIRS patients in ICU. Both biomarker levels decreased in parallel with the treatment. However, it could not be associated with disease severity and inflammatory marker levels. We believe that monitoring the change of Wnt antagonists will be useful in demonstrating bone turnover in patients with SIRS.Keywords: Dickkopf-1, Intensive care unit, Sclerostin, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, Wnt signaling pathway, Bone turnover
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Betül ALTINIŞIK
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Canakkale
| | - Uğur ALTINIŞIK
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Birinci International Hospital, Istanbul
| | - Mehmet AŞIK
- Department of Endocrinology And Metabolic Diseases, Mugla
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Gorter EA, Reinders CR, Krijnen P, Appelman-Dijkstra NM, Schipper IB. Serum sclerostin levels in osteoporotic fracture patients. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2022; 48:4857-4865. [PMID: 35705746 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-022-02017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sclerostin inhibits bone formation and stimulates bone resorption. Previous studies found a positive association between bone density and serum sclerostin, but literature on sclerostin levels in osteoporotic fracture patients is scarce. The aim of the present study was to compare the serum sclerostin levels in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic fracture patients and to assess the correlation of the sclerostin levels with bone mineral density and vitamin D status. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included patients over 50 years, with an extremity fracture after low-energy trauma treated between 2012 and 2018, with biobank samples and available bone density measurements by Dual X-ray Absorption. Osteoporosis was diagnosed according the World Health Organisation criteria. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a 25(OH)D concentration < 30 nmol/L. After defrosting biobank samples, serum sclerostin was measured using the human SOST (sclerostin) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. We prespecified a subgroup analysis including only female patients. RESULTS 179 patients were included of whom 139(78%) were female. In 46 patients (25.7%), osteoporosis was diagnosed. Bone mineral density was positively associated with sclerostin levels (r = 0.17, p = 0.026) and patients with osteoporosis had a significantly lower serum sclerostin compared to non-osteoporotic fracture patients (mean 41.9 pmol/L vs 48.1 pmol/L; p = 0.03). This difference remained significant after correction for potential confounders. Similar results were found in the subgroup of female patients. No association between serum sclerostin and vitamin D deficiency was found. CONCLUSION Osteoporotic fracture patients had lower levels of sclerostin than non-osteoporotic fracture patients. Future research should focus on the use of sclerostin as biomarker for osteoporosis in fracture patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin A Gorter
- Departments of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, postzone K6-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Casper R Reinders
- Departments of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, postzone K6-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieta Krijnen
- Departments of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, postzone K6-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Inger B Schipper
- Departments of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, postzone K6-R, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Domazetovic V, Falsetti I, Ciuffi S, Iantomasi T, Marcucci G, Vincenzini MT, Brandi ML. Effect of Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis on Active FGF23 Levels in MLO-Y4 Cells: The Protective Role of 17-β-Estradiol. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042103. [PMID: 35216216 PMCID: PMC8879671 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that osteocytes secrete phosphaturic fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) has defined bone as an endocrine organ. However, the autocrine and paracrine functions of FGF23 are still unknown. The present study focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the complex control of FGF23 production and local bone remodeling functions. FGF23 was assayed using ELISA kit in the presence or absence of 17β–estradiol in starved MLO-Y4 osteocytes. In these cells, a relationship between oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and up-regulation of active FGF23 levels due to MAP Kinases activation with involvement of the transcriptional factor (NF-kB) has been demonstrated. The active FGF23 increase can be due to up-regulation of its expression and post-transcriptional modifications. 17β–estradiol prevents the increase of FGF23 by inhibiting JNK and NF-kB activation, osteocyte apoptosis and by the down-regulation of osteoclastogenic factors, such as sclerostin. No alteration in the levels of dentin matrix protein 1, a FGF23 negative regulator, has been determined. The results of this study identify biological targets on which drugs and estrogen may act to control active FGF23 levels in oxidative stress-related bone and non-bone inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladana Domazetovic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Irene Falsetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Simone Ciuffi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Teresa Iantomasi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Gemma Marcucci
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Teresa Vincenzini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy; (V.D.); (I.F.); (S.C.); (T.I.); (G.M.); (M.T.V.)
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- Fondazione Italiana Ricerca sulle Malattie dell’Osso (FIRMO Onlus), 50141 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Park JH, Cho S, Kim SJ, Jeong TD, Mun YC, Kim JW. Serum biomarkers for bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: a prospective clinical study. Osteoporos Int 2022; 33:367-377. [PMID: 34471956 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-021-06137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this prospective study, serum levels of 12 possible biomarkers were compared between osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) and control groups, before and after dentoalveolar surgery. The results suggest that patients with abnormal serum levels of specific biomarkers should be monitored closely for the prevention and early diagnosis of ONJ. INTRODUCTION Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) is an adverse effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy. This study aimed to identify bone biomarkers for ONJ risk assessment and diagnosis. METHODS This prospective study included patients with histories of bisphosphonate therapy without current ONJ who were in need of dentoalveolar surgery of the jaw area. Serum levels of 12 possible bone markers, selected based on their involvement in ONJ pathogenesis, were compared between ONJ and control groups before dentoalveolar surgery (T0), at 8 postoperative weeks (T1), and at 4 months after diagnosis(T2). RESULTS Seventy-six patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study; 33 were assigned to the ONJ group, and 43 patients without ONJ signs or symptoms after dentoalveolar surgery were assigned to the control group. In the ONJ group, at both T0 and T1, the mean tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase isoform 5b (TRACP 5b) levels were significantly lower and the mean Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) levels were significantly higher than the corresponding values for the control group. Linear mixed model analysis revealed significant group effects over time for serum TRACP 5b and DKK1 after adjusting for demographic, pharmacological, and diagnostic variables. Lower serum levels of TRACP 5b under a specified cut-off value (≤ 2.899 U/L) at T0 indicated a 20.40-fold increased risk of ONJ development. CONCLUSION Patients with abnormally low serum levels of TRACP 5b and high serum levels of DKK1 should be monitored closely before and after dentoalveolar surgery for the prevention and early diagnosis of ONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Anyangcheon-ro 1071, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sura Cho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Anyangcheon-ro 1071, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Jong Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Anyangcheon-ro 1071, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Dong Jeong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung-Chul Mun
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Research Institute for Intractable Osteonecrosis of the Jaw, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Anyangcheon-ro 1071, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul, 07985, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Yang L, Hou A, Zhang X, Zhang J, Wang S, Dong J, Zhang S, Jiang H, Kuang H. TMT‐based proteomics analysis to screen potential biomarkers of Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix for osteoporosis in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5339. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Ajiao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Jiaxu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Song Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Jiaojiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Shihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Harbin China
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18
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Zaheer S, Meyer K, Easly R, Bayomy O, Leung J, Koefoed AW, Heydarpour M, Freeman R, Adler GK. Effect of adrenocorticotropic hormone infusion on circulating sclerostin levels. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1607-1614. [PMID: 34788228 PMCID: PMC8679878 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid use is the most common cause of secondary osteoporosis. Poor skeletal health related to glucocorticoid use is thought to involve inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a key pathway in osteoblastogenesis. Sclerostin, a peptide produced primarily by osteocytes, is an antagonist of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, raising the possibility that sclerostin is involved in glucocorticoids' adverse effects on bone. The aim of this study was to determine whether an acute infusion of cosyntropin (i.e. ACTH(1-24)), which increases endogenous cortisol, increases serum sclerostin levels as compared to a placebo infusion. This study was performed using blood samples obtained from a previously published, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over study among healthy men and women who received infusions of placebo or cosyntropin after being supine and fasted overnight (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02339506). A total of 17 participants were analyzed. There was a strong correlation (R2 = 0.65, P < 0.0001) between the two baseline sclerostin measurements measured at the start of each visit, and men had a significantly higher average baseline sclerostin compared to women. As anticipated, cosyntropin significantly increased serum cortisol levels, whereas cortisol levels fell during placebo infusion, consistent with the diurnal variation in cortisol. There was no significant effect of cosyntropin as compared to placebo infusions on serum sclerostin over 6-24 h (P = 0.10). In conclusion, this randomized, placebo-controlled study was unable to detect a significant effect of a cosyntropin infusion on serum sclerostin levels in healthy men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Zaheer
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rebecca Easly
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Omar Bayomy
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janet Leung
- Section of Endocrinology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew W Koefoed
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mahyar Heydarpour
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roy Freeman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gail K Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to G K Adler:
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Peng CH, Lin WY, Yeh KT, Chen IH, Wu WT, Lin MD. The molecular etiology and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 33:212-223. [PMID: 34386357 PMCID: PMC8323641 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_233_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common form of secondary osteoporosis, accounting for 20% of osteoporosis diagnoses. Using glucocorticoids for >6 months leads to osteoporosis in 50% of patients, resulting in an increased risk of fracture and death. Osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts work together to maintain bone homeostasis. When bone formation and resorption are out of balance, abnormalities in bone structure or function may occur. Excess glucocorticoids disrupt the bone homeostasis by promoting osteoclast formation and prolonging osteoclasts' lifespan, leading to an increase in bone resorption. On the other hand, glucocorticoids inhibit osteoblasts' formation and facilitate apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes, resulting in a reduction of bone formation. Several signaling pathways, signaling modulators, endocrines, and cytokines are involved in the molecular etiology of GIOP. Clinically, adults ≥40 years of age using glucocorticoids chronically with a high fracture risk are considered to have medical intervention. In addition to vitamin D and calcium tablet supplementations, the major therapeutic options approved for GIOP treatment include antiresorption drug bisphosphonates, parathyroid hormone N-terminal fragment teriparatide, and the monoclonal antibody denosumab. The selective estrogen receptor modulator can only be used under specific condition for postmenopausal women who have GIOP but fail to the regular GIOP treatment or have specific therapeutic contraindications. In this review, we focus on the molecular etiology of GIOP and the molecular pharmacology of the therapeutic drugs used for GIOP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Huan Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ying Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Yeh
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Ho Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tien Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Der Lin
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.,Department of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Cantero-Nieto L, Álvarez-Cienfuegos A, García-Gómez JA, Ríos-Fernández R, Robledo G, Ortego-Centeno N. Association Between FGF-23 Levels and Risk of Fracture in Women With Systemic Sclerosis. J Clin Densitom 2021; 24:362-368. [PMID: 32600830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2020.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) and serum fibroblast grow factor-23 (FGF-23) levels in SSc women patients compared with healthy controls. METHODOLOGY This cross-sectional study was performed in San Cecilio Hospital, Granada (Spain) from November 2017 to May 2019. Sixty-two women with SSc and 62 age and sex matched healthy controls were included in this study. FGF-23 serum concentration was evaluated by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The FRAX scoring tool was applied using the on-line calculator (www.shef.ac.uk/FRAX). RESULTS Even though there was no significant difference in FGF-23 levels between SSc women patients and healthy controls (78.2 ± 60.5 vs 80.3 ± 56.3 pg/mL, p = 0.662). FGF-23 levels were positively associated with FRAX index within the study group. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that FGF-23 status is associated with FRAX index in women with SSc. FGF-23 could be a promising biomarker for detecting risk fracture in SSc women patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Raquel Ríos-Fernández
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Robledo
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Norberto Ortego-Centeno
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria, IBS, Granada, Spain
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Kerschan-Schindl K, Gruther W, Föger-Samwald U, Bangert C, Kudlacek S, Pietschmann P. Myostatin and markers of bone metabolism in dermatomyositis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:150. [PMID: 33546660 PMCID: PMC7866468 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In dermatomyostis (DM) patients, inflammation, reduced activity, and medication have a negative impact on the musculoskeletal system. Several endocrine factors are involved in muscle growth and bone turnover. Objective: We aimed to investigate factors regulating myogenesis and bone metabolism and to evaluate possible associations between these endocrine factors, muscle strength, and functional tests in DM patients. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in 20 dermatomyositis patients. Serum levels of myostatin (MSTN), follistatin (FSTN), dickkopf 1 (Dkk1), sclerostin (SOST), periostin (PSTN), the receptor activator nuclear factor kB ligand (RANKL):osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) were determined. Physical function was evaluated by hand-held strength measurement, chair rising test, timed up and go test and the 3-min walking test. Results Serum MSTN and FGF23 levels (2.5 [1.9; 3.2] vs. 1.9 [1.6; 2.3] and 2.17 [1.45; 3.26] vs. 1.28 [0.79; 1.96], respectively; p < 0.05) were significantly higher in DM patients than in controls. Dkk1 was significantly lower (11.4 [6.9; 20.0] vs. 31.8 [14.3; 50.6], p < 0.01). Muscle strength and physical function tests correlated with each other (e.g. hip flexion – timed up and go test: r = − 0.748, p < 0.01). Conclusion In DM patients, biochemical musculo-skeletal markers are altered and physical function shows deficits. All these tests reflect independent of each other different deficits in long-term DM patients which is important for the assessment of DM patients as well as planning of therapeutic interventions in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Occupational, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Gruther
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Occupational, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,healthPi - Medical Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Föger-Samwald
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Bangert
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Kudlacek
- Medizinische Abteilung, Krankenhaus Barmherzige Brüder, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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