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Jaime Garcia D, Chagnot A, Wardlaw JM, Montagne A. A Scoping Review on Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction in Small Vessel Disease: Molecular Insights from Human Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13114. [PMID: 37685924 PMCID: PMC10488088 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) is a highly prevalent disorder of the brain's microvessels and a common cause of dementia as well as ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes. Though much about the underlying pathophysiology of SVD remains poorly understood, a wealth of recently published evidence strongly suggests a key role of microvessel endothelial dysfunction and a compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) in the development and progression of the disease. Understanding the causes and downstream consequences associated with endothelial dysfunction in this pathological context could aid in the development of effective diagnostic and prognostic tools and provide promising avenues for potential therapeutic interventions. In this scoping review, we aim to summarise the findings from clinical studies examining the role of the molecular mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in SVD, focussing on biochemical markers of endothelial dysfunction detectable in biofluids, including cell adhesion molecules, BBB transporters, cytokines/chemokines, inflammatory markers, coagulation factors, growth factors, and markers involved in the nitric oxide cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Jaime Garcia
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Joanna M. Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
| | - Axel Montagne
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK; (D.J.G.); (J.M.W.)
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4SB, UK;
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Gertje EC, Janelidze S, van Westen D, Cullen N, Stomrud E, Palmqvist S, Hansson O, Mattsson-Carlgren N. Associations Between CSF Markers of Inflammation, White Matter Lesions, and Cognitive Decline in Individuals Without Dementia. Neurology 2023; 100:e1812-e1824. [PMID: 36882326 PMCID: PMC10136007 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Small vessel disease (SVD) and neuroinflammation both occur in Alzheimer disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. It is unclear whether these processes are related or independent mechanisms in AD, especially in the early stages of disease. We therefore investigated the association between white matter lesions (WML; the most common manifestation of SVD) and CSF biomarkers of neuroinflammation and their effects on cognition in a population without dementia. METHODS Individuals without dementia from the Swedish BioFINDER study were included. The CSF was analyzed for proinflammatory markers (interleukin [IL]-6 and IL-8), cytokines (IL-7, IL-15, and IL-16), chemokines (interferon γ-induced protein 10, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), markers of vascular injury (soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, soluble vascular adhesion molecule 1), and markers of angiogenesis (placental growth factor [PlGF], soluble fms-related tyrosine kinase 1 [sFlt-1], vascular endothelial growth factors [VEGF-A and VEFG-D]), and amyloid β (Aβ)42 Aβ40, and p-tau217. WML volumes were determined at baseline and longitudinally over 6 years. Cognition was measured at baseline and follow-up over 8 years. Linear regression models were used to test associations. RESULTS A total of 495 cognitively unimpaired (CU) elderly individuals and 247 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) were included. There was significant worsening in cognition over time, measured by Mini-Mental State Examination, Clinical Dementia Rating, and modified preclinical Alzheimer composite score in CU individuals and patients with MCI, with more rapid worsening in MCI for all cognitive tests. At baseline, higher levels of PlGF (β = 0.156, p < 0.001), lower levels of sFlt-1 (β = -0.086, p = 0.003), and higher levels of IL-8 (β = 0.07, p = 0.030) were associated with more WML in CU individuals. In those with MCI, higher levels of PlGF (β = 0.172, p = 0.001), IL-16 (β = 0.125, p = 0.001), IL-8 (β = 0.096, p = 0.013), IL-6 (β = 0.088, p = 0.023), VEGF-A (β = 0.068, p = 0.028), and VEGF-D (β = 0.082, p = 0.028) were associated with more WML. PlGF was the only biomarker that was associated with WML independent of Aβ status and cognitive impairment. Longitudinal analyses of cognition showed independent effects of CSF inflammatory markers and WML on longitudinal cognition, especially in people without cognitive impairment at baseline. DISCUSSION Most neuroinflammatory CSF biomarkers were associated with WML in individuals without dementia. Our findings especially highlight a role for PlGF, which was associated with WML independent of Aβ status and cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eske Christiane Gertje
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden.
| | - Shorena Janelidze
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Danielle van Westen
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Cullen
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Erik Stomrud
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Palmqvist
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hansson
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
| | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- From the Clinical Memory Research Unit (E.C.G., S.J., N.C., E.S., S.P., O.H., N.M.-C.), Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University; Department of Internal Medicine (E.C.G.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Diagnostic Radiology (D.v.W.), Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University; Imaging and Function (D.v.W.), Skåne University Hospital, Lund; Memory Clinic (N.C., N.M.-C.), Skåne University Hospital, Malmö; Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology (E.S., S.P., O.H.), Lund University, Skåne University Hospital; and Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (N.M.-C.), Lund University, Sweden
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Dobrynina LA, Makarova AG, Shabalina AA, Burmak AG, Shlapakova PS, Shamtieva KV, Tsypushtanova MM, Trubitsyna VV, Gnedovskaya EV. [A role of altered inflammation-related gene expression in cerebral small vessel disease with cognitive impairment]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2023; 123:58-68. [PMID: 37796069 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202312309158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the role of changes in the expression of inflammation-related genes in cerebral microangiopathy/cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four cSVD patients (mean age 61.4±9.2) and 11 controls (mean age 57.3±9.7) were studied. Gene expression was assessed on an individual NanoString nCounter panel of 58 inflammation-related genes and 4 reference genes. A set of genes was generated based on converging results of complete genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in cSVD and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and circulating markers associated with vascular wall and Brain lesions in cSVD. RNA was isolated from blood leukocytes and analyzed with the nCounter Analysis System, followed by analysis in nSolver 4.0. Results were verified by real-time PCR. RESULTS CSVD patients had a significant decrease in BIN1 (log2FC=-1.272; p=0.039) and VEGFA (log2FC=-1.441; p=0.038) expression compared to controls, which showed predictive ability for cSVD. The cut-off for BIN1 expression was 5.76 a.u. (sensitivity 73%; specificity 75%) and the cut-off for VEGFA expression was 9.27 a.u. (sensitivity 64%; specificity 86%). Reduced expression of VEGFA (p=0.011), VEGFC (p=0.017), CD2AP (p=0.044) was associated with cognitive impairment (CI). There was a significant direct correlation between VEGFC expression and the scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and between BIN1 and VEGFC expression and delayed memory. CONCLUSION The possible prediction of cSVD by reduced expression levels of BIN1, VEGFA and the association of clinically significant CI with reduced VEGFA and VEGFC expression indicate their importance in the development and progression of the disease. The established importance of these genes in the pathogenesis of AD suggests that similar changes in their expression profile in cSVD may be one of the conditions for the comorbidity of the two pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - A G Burmak
- Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russia
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Blumen HM, Jayakody O, Verghese J. Gait in cerebral small vessel disease, pre-dementia, and dementia: A systematic review. Int J Stroke 2023; 18:53-61. [PMID: 35797006 PMCID: PMC9841467 DOI: 10.1177/17474930221114562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interrelationships between gait, cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), and cognitive impairments in aging are not well-understood-despite their common co-occurrence. OBJECTIVE To systematically review studies of gait impairment in CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia, and to identify key gaps for future research and novel pathways toward intervention. METHODS A Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-guided search strategy was implemented in PubMed to identify relevant studies. Potential articles (n = 263) published prior to 1 December 2021 were screened by two reviewers. Studies with sample sizes >20 and including some adults over > 65 years (n = 202) were included. RESULTS The key findings were that (1) adverse gait and cognitive outcomes were associated with several (rather than select) CSVD pathologies distributed across the brain, and (2) poor gait and CSVD pathologies were more strongly associated with dementia with a vascular, rather than an Alzheimer's disease-related, cause. DISCUSSION A better understanding of the interrelationships between gait performance in CSVD, pre-dementia, and dementia requires studies examining (1) comprehensive patterns in the clinical manifestations of CSVD, (2) racially/ethnically diverse samples, (3) samples followed for extended periods of time or across the adult life span, (4) non-traditional CSVD neuroimaging markers (e.g. resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)), and (5) continuous (e.g. wearable sensors) and complex (e.g. dual-task) walking performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Blumen
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Oshadi Jayakody
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Joe Verghese
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA,Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Wang B, Wang LR, Liu LL, Wang W, Man RJ, Zheng DJ, Deng YS, Yang YS, Xu C, Zhu HL. A novel series of benzothiazepine derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anti-tumor potency. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104585. [PMID: 33508676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a series of diaryl benzo[b][1,4]thiazepine derivatives D1-D36 were synthesized and screened as tubulin polymerization inhibitors with anti-tumor potency. They were designed by introducing the seven-member ring benzothiazepine as the linker for CA-4 modification for the first time. Among them, the hit compound D8 showed potential on inhibiting the growth of several cancer cell lines (IC50 values: 1.48 μM for HeLa, 1.47 μM for MCF-7, 1.52 μM for HT29 and 1.94 μM for A549), being comparable with the positive controls Colchicine and CA-4P. The calculated IC50 value of D8 as an tubulin polymerization inhibitor was 1.20 μM. The results of the flow cytometry assay revealed that D8 could induce the mitotic catastrophe and the death of living cancer cells. D8 also indicated the anti-vascular activity. The possible binding pattern was implied by docking simulation, inferring the possibility of introducing interactions with the nearby tubulin chain. Since the novel structural trial has been conducted with preliminary discussion, this work might stimulate new ideas in further modification of tubulin-related anti-cancer agents and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Li-Ren Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruo-Jun Man
- Guangxi Biological Polysaccharide Separation, Purification and Modification Research Platform, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning 530006, China
| | - Da-Jun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu-Shun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Hai-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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