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Shefflette A, Patel N, Caruso J. Mitigating Sarcopenia with Diet and Exercise. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6652. [PMID: 37681791 PMCID: PMC10487983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20176652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and function from aging, inactivity, or disuse. It is a comorbidity to numerous conditions that exacerbates their severity and adversely impacts activities of daily living. While sarcopenia now receives more attention from the medical community, people with sarcopenia as a comorbidity nevertheless still sometimes receives less attention than other presenting diseases or conditions. Inevitable doctors' visits or hospital stays for those with sarcopenia as a comorbidity have far higher healthcare costs than those without this condition, which imposes a greater financial burden on the medical insurance and healthcare industries. This review offers information and guidance on this topic. Treatments for sarcopenia include dietary, exercise, and pharmacological interventions. Yet, the latter treatment is only recommended in extreme cases as it may evoke numerous side effects and has little support in the scientific literature. Currently, a more holistic approach, with an emphasis on lifestyle modification, to reduce the likelihood of sarcopenia is examined. The current review discusses dietary and exercise interventions to limit the occurrence and severity of sarcopenia. References cited in this review conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki requirements for the use of human research subjects. Most of this review's references (~97%) came from a PubMed search that spanned from 1997 to 2023. Search terms included "sarcopenia" OR "muscle wasting" OR "geriatrics"; OR "ageing"; and AND "diet" OR "exercise". In addition, papers relevant or supportive of the topic as well as those considered seminal were included in the review. Over 96% of the references were peer-reviewed articles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Caruso
- Exercise Physiology Program, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA; (A.S.); (N.P.)
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Flor-Rufino C, Barrachina-Igual J, Pérez-Ros P, Pablos-Monzó A, Sanz-Requena R, Martínez-Arnau FM. Fat infiltration and muscle hydration improve after high-intensity resistance training in women with sarcopenia. A randomized clinical trial. Maturitas 2023; 168:29-36. [PMID: 36423489 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance training is recommended for preventing sarcopenia, but the benefits for the quality and quantity of muscle mass are uncertain. OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) on clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters in women with sarcopenia. METHODS A researcher-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted. Community-dwelling older women with sarcopenia were randomized to six months of HIRT or a control group (CG). Body composition was assessed with bioimpedance equipment, and participants underwent strength and functional performance tests (short physical performance battery [SPPB] and gait speed). MRI scans of the thigh were taken to quantify muscle mass and quality. RESULTS Thirty-eight women completed the study (20 in the HIRT group). Sarcopenia remitted in 50 % of the HIRT group. HIRT elicited a significant group × time interaction effect for muscle mass (p = 0.027; Ƞ2 = 0.129), muscle mass index (p = 0.023; Ƞ2 = 0.135), fat mass (p = 0.048; Ƞ2 = 0.103) and all strength variables (p < 0.05; Ƞ2 > 0.120). Moreover, the HIRT group obtained higher scores on the SPPB (mean difference [MD] 1.2; p = 0.005) and the 5 times sit-to-stand test (MD = 0.7; p = 0.009). Regarding MRI parameters, infiltrated microscopic fat decreased significantly (HIRT: MD = -0.01; p < 0.05), while hydration (T2) decreased in the CG (MD = 3.6 ms; p = 0.053) at six months. There were significant between-group differences at six months for water diffusion (HIRT: 1.09 × 10-3 mm2/s vs CG: 1.26 × 10-3 mm2/s) and total muscular volume (HIRT: 832.4 L vs CG: 649.2 L). CONCLUSIONS HIRT led to the remission of sarcopenia in half of the older women, as seen in muscle mass, strength, and functional performance and MRI biomarkers, with significant increases in muscle quality. REGISTERED IN CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT03834558.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Flor-Rufino
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Joaquín Barrachina-Igual
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46900 Torrent, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Pilar Pérez-Ros
- Department of Nursing, Universitat de València, Menéndez y Pelayo, 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain; ICT Deparment, Florida Universitaria, C/ Rei en Jaume I, nº 2. 46470 CATARROJA (Valencia).
| | - Ana Pablos-Monzó
- Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Universidad Católica de València San Vicente Mártir, Ramiro de Maetzu 14, 46900 Torrent, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Sanz-Requena
- ICT Deparment, Florida Universitaria, C/ Rei en Jaume I, nº 2. 46470 CATARROJA (Valencia).
| | - Francisco M Martínez-Arnau
- Department of Physiotherapy, Universitat de València, Gascó Oliag 5, 46010 Valencia, Spain; ICT Deparment, Florida Universitaria, C/ Rei en Jaume I, nº 2. 46470 CATARROJA (Valencia).
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Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging assessment of muscle composition in myotonic dystrophy mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:503. [PMID: 36627397 PMCID: PMC9831979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a severe autosomal dominant neuromuscular disease in which the musculoskeletal system contributes substantially to overall mortality and morbidity. DM1 stems from a noncoding CTG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the DMPK gene. The human skeletal actin long repeat (HSALR) mouse model reproduces several aspects of the disease, but the muscle-wasting phenotype of this model has never been characterized in vivo. Herein, we used quantitative MRI to measure the fat and muscle volumes in the leg compartment (LC) of mice. These acquired data were processed to extract relevant parameters such as fat fraction and fat infiltration (fat LC/LC) in HSALR and control (FBV) muscles. These results showed increased fat volume (fat LC) and fat infiltration within the muscle tissue of the leg compartment (muscle LC), in agreement with necropsies, in which fatty clumps were observed, and consistent with previous findings in DM1 patients. Model mice did not reproduce the characteristic impaired fat fraction, widespread fat replacement through the muscles, or reduced muscle volume reported in patients. Taken together, the observed abnormal replacement of skeletal muscle by fat in the HSALR mice indicates that these mice partially reproduced the muscle phenotype observed in humans.
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Khitaryan AG, Abovyan AA, Mezhunts AV, Orekhov AA, Melnikov DA, Sarkisyan АV, Adizov SA, Rogut AA, Ziegler GJ, Amegninou CM. Risk of sarcopenia after bariatric surgery in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. AMBULATORNAYA KHIRURGIYA = AMBULATORY SURGERY (RUSSIA) 2022. [DOI: 10.21518/1995-1477-2022-19-2-142-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Despite the great popularity of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the treatment of morbid obesity, the problem of the development and progression of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the postoperative period remains insufficiently studied.Aim. To study the prevalence and dynamics of sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the long term.Materials and methods. Our prospective study included 257 bariatric patients (170 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 87 laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy) with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All patients underwent a standard set of preoperative examination with obligatory determination of the skeletal muscle mass index using the bioelectrical impedance analysis. After 6, 12, 18 and 24 months, control examinations were carried out.Results. At the preoperative stage, 28 patients (16.5%) with signs of moderate sarcopenia were identified in the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass group and 15 patients (17.2%) in the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy group. According to the bioelectrical impedance analysis, 24 months after the operation, 37 patients (25.9%) with signs of moderate sarcopenia and 2 patients (1.4%) with severe sarcopenia were identified in the first group. 24 months after surgery in the second group there was no statistical difference in the number of patients with signs of sarcopenia in comparison with the preoperative period.Conclusion. The frequency of development and progression of signs of sarcopenia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is statistically higher than after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. In this regard, in our opinion, when choosing a method of surgical treatment of morbid obesity with concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus, a detailed assessment of the state of protein metabolism by the bioelectrical impedance analysis is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. G. Khitaryan
- Clinical Hospital Russian Railway-Medicine Rostov-on-Don; Rostov State Medical University
| | | | - A. V. Mezhunts
- Clinical Hospital Russian Railway-Medicine Rostov-on-Don; Rostov State Medical University
| | | | - D. A. Melnikov
- Clinical Hospital Russian Railway-Medicine Rostov-on-Don; Rostov State Medical University
| | | | - S. A. Adizov
- Clinical Hospital Russian Railway-Medicine Rostov-on-Don
| | - A. A. Rogut
- Clinical Hospital Russian Railway-Medicine Rostov-on-Don
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Mirzai S, Eck BL, Chen PH, Estep JD, Tang WHW. Current Approach to the Diagnosis of Sarcopenia in Heart Failure: A Narrative Review on the Role of Clinical and Imaging Assessments. Circ Heart Fail 2022; 15:e009322. [PMID: 35924562 PMCID: PMC9588634 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.121.009322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been established as a predictor of poor outcomes in various clinical settings. It is particularly prevalent in heart failure, a clinical syndrome that poses significant challenges to health care worldwide. Despite this, sarcopenia remains overlooked and undertreated in cardiology practice. Understanding the currently proposed diagnostic process is paramount for the early detection and treatment of sarcopenia to mitigate downstream adverse health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Mirzai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Brendan L. Eck
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Po-Hao Chen
- Section of Musculoskeletal Imaging, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
| | - Jerry D. Estep
- Department of Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL
| | - W. H. Wilson Tang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH
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Salaffi F, Carotti M, Di Matteo A, Ceccarelli L, Farah S, Villota-Eraso C, Di Carlo M, Giovagnoni A. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging as diagnostic tools for sarcopenia in immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Radiol Med 2022; 127:1277-1291. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-022-01560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle mass, altered muscle composition, fat and fibrous tissue infiltration, and abnormal innervation, especially in older individuals with immune-mediated rheumatic diseases (IMRDs). Several techniques for measuring muscle mass, strength, and performance have emerged in recent decades. The portable dynamometer and gait speed represent the most frequently used tools for the evaluation of muscle strength and physical efficiency, respectively. Aside from dual-energy, X-ray, absorptiometry, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques appear to have a potential role in evaluating muscle mass and composition. US and MRI have been shown to accurately identify sarcopenic biomarkers such as inflammation (edema), fatty infiltration (myosteatosis), alterations in muscle fibers, and muscular atrophy in patients with IMRDs. US is a low-cost, easy-to-use, and safe imaging method for assessing muscle mass, quality, architecture, and biomechanical function. This review summarizes the evidence for using US and MRI to assess sarcopenia.
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Park SM, Kim J, Baek S, Jeon JY, Lee SJ, Kang SY, Yoo MY, Yoon HJ, Kwon SH, Lim K, Oh SJ, Kim BS, Lee KP, Moon BS. Feasibility of 18F-Fluorocholine PET for Evaluating Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in a Starved Rat Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051274. [PMID: 35626428 PMCID: PMC9141294 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques for diagnosing muscle atrophy and sarcopenia remain insufficient, although various advanced diagnostic methods have been established. We explored the feasibility of 18F-fluorocholine (18F-FCH) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for evaluating skeletal muscle atrophy, as an imaging technique that tracks choline level changes in muscles. Cell uptake in L6 cells by 18F-FCH was performed in a complete medium containing serum (untreated group, UN) and a serum-free medium (starved group, ST). Small-animal-dedicated PET/CT imaging with 18F-FCH was examined in in-vivo models with rats that were starved for 2 days to cause muscle atrophy. After the hind limbs were dissected, starvation-induced in-vivo models were anatomically confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to evaluate the expression levels of the atrophy markers muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) and atrogin-1. 18F-FCH uptake was lower in the starvation-induced cells than in the untreated group, and in-vivo PET uptake also revealed a similar tendency (the average standardized uptake value (SUVmean) = 0.26 ± 0.06 versus 0.37 ± 0.07, respectively). Furthermore, the expression levels of MuRF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNA were significantly increased in the starvation-induced muscle atrophy of rats compared to the untreated group. 18F-FCH PET/CT may be a promising tool for diagnosing skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Mi Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Suji Baek
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 01411, Korea;
| | - Joo-Yeong Jeon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
| | - Min Young Yoo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea; (M.Y.Y.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Hai-Jeon Yoon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Korea; (M.Y.Y.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Seung Hae Kwon
- Seoul Center, Korean Basic Science Institute, Seoul 02841, Korea; (J.-Y.J.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.K.); (K.L.)
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, Seoul 05505, Korea; (S.J.L.); (S.J.O.)
| | - Bom Sahn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Kang Pa Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Research and Development Center, UMUST R&D Corporation, Seoul 01411, Korea;
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
| | - Byung Seok Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Korea; (S.M.P.); (S.Y.K.)
- Correspondence: (B.S.K.); (K.P.L.); (B.S.M.)
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Gili T, Di Carlo G, Capuani S, Auconi P, Caldarelli G, Polimeni A. Complexity and data mining in dental research: A network medicine perspective on interceptive orthodontics. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 24 Suppl 2:16-25. [PMID: 34519158 PMCID: PMC9292769 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Procedures and models of computerized data analysis are becoming researchers' and practitioners' thinking partners by transforming the reasoning underlying biomedicine. Complexity theory, Network analysis and Artificial Intelligence are already approaching this discipline, intending to provide support for patient's diagnosis, prognosis and treatments. At the same time, due to the sparsity, noisiness and time-dependency of medical data, such procedures are raising many unprecedented problems related to the mismatch between the human mind's reasoning and the outputs of computational models. Thanks to these computational, non-anthropocentric models, a patient's clinical situation can be elucidated in the orthodontic discipline, and the growth outcome can be approximated. However, to have confidence in these procedures, orthodontists should be warned of the related benefits and risks. Here we want to present how these innovative approaches can derive better patients' characterization, also offering a different point of view about patient's classification, prognosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Gili
- Networks UnitIMT School for Advanced Studies LuccaLuccaItaly
- CNR‐ISC Unità SapienzaRomeItaly
| | - Gabriele Di Carlo
- Department of Oral and Maxillo‐Facial SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | | | | | - Guido Caldarelli
- CNR‐ISC Unità SapienzaRomeItaly
- Department of Molecular Sciences and NanosystemsCa’Foscari University of VeniceVenezia MestreItaly
| | - Antonella Polimeni
- Department of Oral and Maxillo‐Facial SciencesSapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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Leigheb M, de Sire A, Colangelo M, Zagaria D, Grassi FA, Rena O, Conte P, Neri P, Carriero A, Sacchetti GM, Penna F, Caretti G, Ferraro E. Sarcopenia Diagnosis: Reliability of the Ultrasound Assessment of the Tibialis Anterior Muscle as an Alternative Evaluation Tool. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11112158. [PMID: 34829505 PMCID: PMC8624824 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11112158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a skeletal muscle disorder characterized by reduced muscle mass, strength, and performance. Muscle ultrasound can be helpful in assessing muscle mass, quality, and architecture, and thus possibly useful for diagnosing or screening sarcopenia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of ultrasound assessment of tibialis anterior muscle in sarcopenia diagnosis. We included subjects undergoing total or partial hip replacement, comparing measures with a healthy control group. We measured the following parameters: tibialis anterior muscle thickness, echogenicity, architecture, stiffness, skeletal muscle index (SMI), hand grip strength, and sarcopenia related quality of life evaluated through the SarQoL questionnaire. We included 33 participants with a mean age of 54.97 ± 23.91 years. In the study group we found reduced tibialis anterior muscle thickness compared to the healthy control group (19.49 ± 4.92 vs. 28.94 ± 3.63 mm, p < 0.05) with significant correlation with SarQoL values (r = 0.80, p < 0.05), dynamometer hand strength (r = 0.72, p < 0.05) and SMI (r = 0.76, p < 0.05). Moreover, we found reduced stiffness (32.21 ± 12.31 vs. 27.07 ± 8.04 Kpa, p < 0.05). AUC measures of ROC curves were 0.89 predicting reduced muscle strength, and 0.97 predicting reduced SMI for tibialis anterior muscle thickness, while they were 0.73 and 0.85, respectively, for muscle stiffness. Our findings showed that ultrasound assessment of tibialis anterior muscle might be considered a reliable measurement tool to evaluate sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Leigheb
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Alessandro de Sire
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0961712819
| | - Matteo Colangelo
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (M.L.); (M.C.)
| | - Domenico Zagaria
- Radiology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.Z.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Federico Alberto Grassi
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostics and Pediatrics Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Ottavio Rena
- Thoracic Surgery Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Patrizio Conte
- Radiology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.Z.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Neri
- Radiology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.Z.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Alessandro Carriero
- Radiology Unit, “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (D.Z.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy;
| | | | - Elisabetta Ferraro
- Cell and Developmental Biology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy;
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Mazur W, Urbańczyk-Zawadzka M, Banyś R, Obuchowicz R, Trystuła M, Krzyżak AT. Diffusion as a Natural Contrast in MR Imaging of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Tissue Changes. A Case Study of the Clinical Application of DTI for a Patient with Chronic Calf Muscles Ischemia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010092. [PMID: 33429993 PMCID: PMC7827719 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports a first application of diffusion tensor imaging with corrections by using the B-matrix spatial distribution method (BSD-DTI) for peripheral artery disease (PAD) detected in the changes of diffusion tensor parameters (DTPs). A 76-year-old male was diagnosed as having PAD, since he demonstrated in angiographic images of lower legs severe arterial stenosis and the presence of lateral and peripheral circulation and assigned to the double-blind RCT using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or placebo for the regenerative treatment of implications of ischemic diseases. In order to indicate changes in diffusivity in calf muscles in comparison to a healthy control, a DTI methodology was developed. The main advantage of the applied protocol was decreased scanning time, which was achieved by reducing b-value and number of scans (to 1), while maintaining minimal number of diffusion gradient directions and high resolution. This was possible due to calibration via the BSD method, which reduced systematic errors and allowed quantitative analysis. In the course of PAD, diffusivities were elevated across the calf muscles in posterior compartment and lost their anisotropy. Different character was noticed for anterior compartment, in which diffusivities along and across muscles were decreased without a significant loss of anisotropy. After the intervention involving a series of injections, the improvement of DTPs and tractography was visible, but can be assigned neither to MSCs nor placebo before unblinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Mazur
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Avenue 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Avenue 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Urbańczyk-Zawadzka
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka Street 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland; (M.U.-Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Robert Banyś
- Department of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka Street 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland; (M.U.-Z.); (R.B.)
| | - Rafał Obuchowicz
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Trystuła
- Department of Vascular Surgery with Endovascular Procedures Subdivision, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka Street 80, 31-202 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Artur T. Krzyżak
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza Avenue 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Akima H, Yoshiko A, Radaelli R, Ogawa M, Shimizu K, Tomita A, Maeda H, Neske R, Teodoro J, Maeda K, Tanaka N, Pinto R. Comparison of muscle quality and functional capacity between Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243589. [PMID: 33326469 PMCID: PMC7743983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle quality is well-known to decrease with aging and is a risk factor for metabolic abnormalities. However, there is a lack of information on race-associated differences in muscle quality and other neuromuscular features related to functional performance. This study aimed to compare muscle quality, function, and morphological characteristics in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. Eighty-four participants aged 65–87 years were enrolled in the study (42 Japanese: 23 men, 19 women, mean age 70.4 years; 42 Brazilians: 23 men, 19 women, mean age 70.8 years). Echo intensity (EI) and muscle thickness (MT) of the quadriceps femoris were measured using B-mode ultrasonography. A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis with EI as a dependent variable revealed that MT was a significant variable for Japanese participants (R2 = 0.424, P = 0.001), while MT and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) thickness were significant variables for Brazilian participants (R2 = 0.490, P = 0.001). A second stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed after excluding MT and SCAT thickness from the independent variables. Sex and age for Japanese participants (R2 = 0.381, P = 0.001) and lean body mass and body mass index for Brazilian participants (R2 = 0.385, P = 0.001) were identified as significant independent variables. The present results suggest that MT is closely correlated with muscle quality in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals. Increases in muscle size may induce decreases in intramuscular adipose tissue and/or connective tissues, which are beneficial for reducing the risks of metabolic impairments in Japanese and Brazilian older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Akima
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Akito Yoshiko
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Faculty of Sport Science, Nippon Sport Science University, Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Shimizu
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aya Tomita
- School of International Liberal Studies, Chukyo University, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisashi Maeda
- Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Neske
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Teodoro
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kazuhiro Maeda
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Noriko Tanaka
- Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness & Sports, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- Graduate School of Education & Human Development, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ronei Pinto
- Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Port Alegre, RS, Brazil
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