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Stojmenović T, Marković S. Impaired Cardiorespiratory Fitness of Elite Athletes after Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:786. [PMID: 38792969 PMCID: PMC11123153 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60050786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the health status of professional athletes after recovering from COVID-19 and the impact that SARS-CoV-2 had on their overall cardiorespiratory fitness, which was done by conducting cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). Materials and Methods: A total of twenty-seven professional basketball players (Euroleague Basketball and the ABA League) participated in the study. CPET was performed before (as part of their regular preparticipation exam, during the pre-season period), as well as after SARS-CoV-2 infection (after two weeks of home isolation, during the competitive part of the season). CPET was performed on a treadmill, while cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic functions were evaluated by using a breath-by-breath analysis technique (Quark CPET system manufactured by Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Results: Maximal oxygen consumption and aerobic efficiency were significantly reduced after SARS-CoV-2 infection (p = 0.000). An obvious decrease in oxygen pulse was observed during CPET after recovering from COVID-19 (p = 0.001), as was deterioration of ventilatory efficiency. Internal respiration was the most negatively affected. An early transition from aerobic to anaerobic mechanisms of creating energy for work and intensive metabolic fatigue were obvious after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusions: Although it was believed that SARS-CoV-2 only affects the cardiopulmonary status of the elderly population and people with associated comorbidities, it is clear from this research that professional athletes can also be at certain risk. Even though no pathological cardiovascular and respiratory changes were found in athletes after COVID-19, results showed significantly decreased cardiorespiratory fitness, with an emphasis on internal respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Stojmenović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Marković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, Singidunum University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Stojmenovic D, Stojmenovic T, Andjelkovic M, Trunic N, Dikic N, Kilibarda N, Nikolic I, Nedeljkovic I, Ostojic M, Purkovic M, Radovanovic J. The Influence of Different SARS-CoV-2 Strains on Changes in Maximal Oxygen Consumption, Ventilatory Efficiency and Oxygen Pulse of Elite Athletes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091574. [PMID: 37174965 PMCID: PMC10177849 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different SARS-CoV-2 strains on the functional capacity of athletes. METHODS In total, 220 athletes underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) after coronavirus infection and before returning to sports activities. Eighty-eight athletes were infected by the Wuhan virus, and 66 were infected during the Delta and Omicron strain periods of the pandemic. RESULTS The CPET results showed significantly decreased maximal oxygen consumption, ventilatory efficiency, and oxygen pulse in athletes who were infected with Wuhan and Delta strains compared to athletes who suffered from Omicron virus infection. An early transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolic pathways for energy production was observed in the Wuhan and Delta groups but not in athletes who were infected with the Omicron strain. There were no differences in the obtained results when Wuhan and Delta virus variants were compared. CONCLUSION These results suggest that the Wuhan and Delta virus strains had a significantly greater negative impact on the functional abilities of athletes compared to the Omicron virus variant, especially in terms of aerobic capacity and cardiorespiratory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragutin Stojmenovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Tamara Stojmenovic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Andjelkovic
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Trunic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nenad Dikic
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Management, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Kilibarda
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Singidunum, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Nikolic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Ostojic
- Cardiology Department, Clinical Center of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milos Purkovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Jovana Radovanovic
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
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Pourfridoni M, Khan MAB, Khalil‐Khan A, Mohammad Bagheri Rafsanjani A, Askarpour H. Elevated troponin level and nonspecific ST‐segment and T‐wave changes in a suspected acute pancreatitis patient, post‐SARS‐Cov‐2 infection: A case report. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e6628. [PMID: 36419581 PMCID: PMC9676116 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The case report describes a post‐COVID‐19 patient with severe right upper quadrant (RUQ) pain, moderate epigastric pain, high troponin levels, and nonspecific ST‐segment and T‐wave changes on electrocardiogram (ECG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moien A. B. Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences United Arab Emirates University Al‐Ain United Arab Emirates
- Primary Care NHS Northwest London London, Sheffield UK
| | - Alam Khalil‐Khan
- Department of Academic Unit of Primary Medical Care The University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | | | - Hedyeh Askarpour
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital Jiroft University of Medical Sciences Jiroft Iran
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Siripanthong B, Asatryan B, Hanff TC, Chatha SR, Khanji MY, Ricci F, Muser D, Ferrari VA, Nazarian S, Santangeli P, Deo R, Cooper LT, Mohiddin SA, Chahal CAA. The Pathogenesis and Long-Term Consequences of COVID-19 Cardiac Injury. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:294-308. [PMID: 35165665 PMCID: PMC8828362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 myocardial injury results from immune and hypercoagulability responses. Long-term cardiac consequences of COVID-19 include structural and functional changes. Myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination is uncommon (highest risk in teenage males). Larger population-based studies are necessary to validate these early results.
The mechanisms of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)–related myocardial injury comprise both direct viral invasion and indirect (hypercoagulability and immune-mediated) cellular injuries. Some patients with COVID-19 cardiac involvement have poor clinical outcomes, with preliminary data suggesting long-term structural and functional changes. These include persistent myocardial fibrosis, edema, and intraventricular thrombi with embolic events, while functionally, the left ventricle is enlarged, with a reduced ejection fraction and new-onset arrhythmias reported in a number of patients. Myocarditis post-COVID-19 vaccination is rare but more common among young male patients. Larger studies, including prospective data from biobanks, will be useful in expanding these early findings and determining their validity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babken Asatryan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Salman R Chatha
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,University Hospital of North Midlands NHS Trust, Stoke-on-Trent, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed Y Khanji
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Newham University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Casa di Cura Villa Serena, Città Sant'Angelo, Pescara, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Daniele Muser
- Dipartimento Cardiotoracico, U.O.C. di Cardiologia, Presidio Ospedaliero Universitario "Santa Maria Della Misericordia," Udine, Italy
| | - Victor A Ferrari
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Penn Cardiovascular Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Saman Nazarian
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pasquale Santangeli
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rajat Deo
- Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Saidi A Mohiddin
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Barts Biomedical Research Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Anwar A Chahal
- Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom.,Electrophysiology Section, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.,WellSpan Center for Inherited Cardiovascular Diseases, WellSpan Health, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA
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