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Ayagama T, Charles PD, Bose SJ, Boland B, Priestman DA, Aston D, Berridge G, Fischer R, Cribbs AP, Song Q, Mirams GR, Amponsah K, Heather L, Galione A, Herring N, Kramer H, Capel RA, Platt FM, Schotten U, Verheule S, Burton RA. Compartmentalization proteomics revealed endolysosomal protein network changes in a goat model of atrial fibrillation. iScience 2024; 27:109609. [PMID: 38827406 PMCID: PMC11141153 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Endolysosomes (EL) are known for their role in regulating both intracellular trafficking and proteostasis. EL facilitate the elimination of damaged membranes, protein aggregates, membranous organelles and play an important role in calcium signaling. The specific role of EL in cardiac atrial fibrillation (AF) is not well understood. We isolated atrial EL organelles from AF goat biopsies and conducted a comprehensive integrated omics analysis to study the EL-specific proteins and pathways. We also performed electron tomography, protein and enzyme assays on these biopsies. Our results revealed the upregulation of the AMPK pathway and the expression of EL-specific proteins that were not found in whole tissue lysates, including GAA, DYNLRB1, CLTB, SIRT3, CCT2, and muscle-specific HSPB2. We also observed structural anomalies, such as autophagic-vacuole formation, irregularly shaped mitochondria, and glycogen deposition. Our results provide molecular information suggesting EL play a role in AF disease process over extended time frames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamali Ayagama
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Samuel J. Bose
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Daniel Aston
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Road, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | | | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam P. Cribbs
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Headington OX3 7LD, UK
| | - Qianqian Song
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gary R. Mirams
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Kwabena Amponsah
- Centre for Mathematical Medicine & Biology, Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Lisa Heather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, , University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Antony Galione
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil Herring
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, , University of Oxford, South Park Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Holger Kramer
- Mass spectrometry Facility, The MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | | | | | - Ulrich Schotten
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander Verheule
- Departments of Physiology and Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rebecca A.B. Burton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- University of Liverpool, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Liverpool, UK
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Hailati J, Liu ZQ, Zhang YF, Zhang L, Midilibieke H, Ma XL, Wulasihan M. Increased Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate and Interleukin-1Beta Is Activated by Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Associated With Heart Failure in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Cardiol Res 2024; 15:108-116. [PMID: 38645829 PMCID: PMC11027785 DOI: 10.14740/cr1613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to identify the association of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase-stimulator interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway with heart failure (HF) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Methods We prospectively enrolled 106 AF patients without evidence of HF. The serum levels of 2'3'-cyclic GMP-AMP (2'3'-cGAMP) and interleukin (IL)-1β were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). To determine the underlying mechanism, we supplemented the complex I inhibitor rotenone and the specific cGAS inhibitor RU.521 in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Results During 18-month follow-up, serum concentrations of 2'3'-cGAMP (baseline 51.82 ± 11.34 pg/mL vs. follow-up 124.50 ± 75.83 pg/mL, Ppaired t < 0.01) and IL-1β (baseline 436.07 ± 165.82 vs. follow-up 632.48 ± 119.25 ng/mL, Ppaired t < 0.01) were substantially upregulated in AF patients with HF as compared with those without HF. Furthermore, serum 2'3'-cGAMP and IL-1β levels at 18-month follow-up were independently associated with the occurrence of HF in AF patients. Inhibition of cGAS by RU.521 effectively reversed the upregulation of 2'3'-cGAMP and STING phosphorylation induced by mitochondrial dysfunction, accompanied with inhibition of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, IL-1β and IL-18 secretion. Conclusions Induction of mitochondrial dysfunction causes an upregulation of 2'3'-cGAMP and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome through cGAS-STING pathway in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juledezi Hailati
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhi Qiang Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yun Fei Zhang
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hasidaer Midilibieke
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xiang Li Ma
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Muhuyati Wulasihan
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinshi District, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Li N, Li YJ, Guo XJ, Wu SH, Jiang WF, Zhang DL, Wang KW, Li L, Sun YM, Xu YJ, Yang YQ, Qiu XB. Discovery of TBX20 as a Novel Gene Underlying Atrial Fibrillation. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1186. [PMID: 37759586 PMCID: PMC10525918 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most prevalent type of sustained cardiac dysrhythmia globally, confers strikingly enhanced risks for cognitive dysfunction, stroke, chronic cardiac failure, and sudden cardiovascular demise. Aggregating studies underscore the crucial roles of inherited determinants in the occurrence and perpetuation of AF. However, due to conspicuous genetic heterogeneity, the inherited defects accounting for AF remain largely indefinite. Here, via whole-genome genotyping with genetic markers and a linkage assay in a family suffering from AF, a new AF-causative locus was located at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3, a ~4.89 cM (~4.43-Mb) interval between the markers D7S526 and D7S2250. An exome-wide sequencing assay unveiled that, at the defined locus, the mutation in the TBX20 gene, NM_001077653.2: c.695A>G; p.(His232Arg), was solely co-segregated with AF in the family. Additionally, a Sanger sequencing assay of TBX20 in another family suffering from AF uncovered a novel mutation, NM_001077653.2: c.862G>C; p.(Asp288His). Neither of the two mutations were observed in 600 unrelated control individuals. Functional investigations demonstrated that the two mutations both significantly reduced the transactivation of the target gene KCNH2 (a well-established AF-causing gene) and the ability to bind the promoter of KCNH2, while they had no effect on the nuclear distribution of TBX20. Conclusively, these findings reveal a new AF-causative locus at human chromosome 7p14.2-p14.3 and strongly indicate TBX20 as a novel AF-predisposing gene, shedding light on the mechanism underlying AF and suggesting clinical significance for the allele-specific treatment of AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Cardiology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Yan-Jie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Xiao-Juan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Wei-Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
| | - Dao-Liang Zhang
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen 518057, China;
| | - Kun-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, China;
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Yu-Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jing’an District Central Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Ying-Jia Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yi-Qing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China; (X.-J.G.); (Y.-J.X.)
- Center for Complex Cardiac Arrhythmias of Minhang District, Shanghai Fifth People′s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xing-Biao Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; (Y.-J.L.); (S.-H.W.); (W.-F.J.)
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Yamada Y, Iemura J, Kambara A, Tateishi N, Kozaki Y, Yamada M, Maruyama J, Azuma E. Association of postoperative atrial fibrillation with higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin. THE JOURNAL OF EXTRACORPOREAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 55:23-29. [PMID: 37034101 PMCID: PMC10071503 DOI: 10.1051/ject/2023003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is defined as new-onset AF in the immediate postoperative period. The relatively high incidence of POAF after cardiac surgery is well described, but pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the initiation, maintenance, and progression of POAF may be multifactorial and have not yet been comprehensively characterized. One of the mechanisms includes altered Ca2+ kinetics. Accumulating evidence has suggested that altered atrial cytosolic calcium handling contributes to the development of POAF, protamine reversibly modulates the calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) and voltage-dependent cardiac RyR2. However, it is currently unknown whether such abnormalities contribute to the arrhythmogenic substrate predisposing patients to the development of POAF. Methods: We have retrospectively analyzed 147 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass support. Of these, 40 patients were excluded from the analysis because of pre-existing AF. All patients received heparin followed by protamine at different dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin, depending on the periods studied. Results: The dosing ratio of protamine-to-heparin = 1.0 was compared with higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin >1.0 up to 1.7. POAF developed in 15 patients (15/107 = 14%), of these, 5 out of 57 patients (33.3%) in the dosing ratio of protamine-to-heparin = 1.0 and 10 out of 35 patients (66.7%) in the higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin. Statistical significance was observed in patients with higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin, compared with the dosing ratio of protamine-to-heparin = 1.0 (odds ratio = 3.890, 95% CI = 1.130–13.300, p-value = 0.031). When types of diseases were analyzed in terms of higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin, only valvular disorders were significantly associated with POAF (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Protamine is clinically utilized to reverse heparin overdose and has been shown to display immunological and inflammatory alterations. However, its association with POAF has not been reported. Our results provide evidence that higher dosing ratios of protamine-to-heparin may increase the incidence of POAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuharu Yamada
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Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science Mie 513-8670 Japan
- Corresponding author:
| | - Junzo Iemura
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Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okanami General Hospital Mie 518-0121 Japan
| | - Atushi Kambara
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Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Okanami General Hospital Mie 518-0121 Japan
| | - Noboru Tateishi
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Division of Clinical Engineering, Okanami General Hospital Mie 518-0121 Japan
| | - Yuji Kozaki
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Division of Clinical Engineering, Okanami General Hospital Mie 518-0121 Japan
| | - Masako Yamada
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Department of Clinical Engineering, Mie University Hospital Mie 514-0001 Japan
| | - Junko Maruyama
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Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science Mie 513-8670 Japan
| | - Eiichi Azuma
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Department of Clinical Engineering, Faculty of Medical Engineering, Suzuka University of Medical Science Mie 513-8670 Japan
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Ju H, Liu T, Yang M, Cheng M, Wu G. Iron and atrial fibrillation: A review. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 46:312-318. [PMID: 36799332 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common arrhythmias in clinical practice, is classified into paroxysmal, persistent, and permanent AF according to its duration. The development of AF is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. However, the exact etiology of this disease remains poorly understood. Recent studies found disorders of iron metabolism might be involved in the progression of AF. Abnormal iron metabolism in cardiomyocytes provides arrhythmogenic substrates through a variety of mechanisms, including calcium mishandling, ion channel remodeling, and oxidative stress overaction. Interestingly, in AF patients with iron overload, interventions on iron metabolism, such as iron chelators and ferroptosis inhibitors, has been shown to prevent AF via reducing ferroptosis. Herein, we review the possible mechanisms, consequences, and therapeutic implications of altered atrial iron handling for AF pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ju
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Manqi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mian Cheng
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Remin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Fan X, Feng K, Liu Y, Yang L, Zhao Y, Tian L, Tang Y, Wang X. miR-135a Regulates Atrial Fibrillation by Targeting Smad3. Cardiovasc Ther 2023; 2023:8811996. [PMID: 37187923 PMCID: PMC10181910 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8811996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical. Atrial fibrosis is a hallmark feature of atrial structural remodeling in AF, which is regulated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway. Recent studies have implicated that miRNAs are involved in the process of AF. However, the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs remain largely unknown. This study is aimed at investigating the function and regulatory network of miR-135a in AF. Methods In vivo, the plasma was collected from patients with AF and non-AF subjects. Adult SD rats were induced by acetylcholine (ACh) (66 μg/ml)-CaCl2 (10 mg/ml) to establish an AF rat model. In vitro, atrial fibroblasts (AFs), isolated from adult SD rats, were treated with high-frequency electrical stimulation (HES) (12 h) and hypoxia (24 h) to mimic the AF and atrial fibrosis, respectively. miR-135a expression was detected through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The association between miR-135a and Smad3 was speculated by the TargetScan database and confirmed by the luciferase reporter assay. Fibrosis-related genes, Smad3, and TRPM7 were all assessed. Results The expression of miR-135a was markedly decreased in the plasma of AF patients and AF rats, which was consistent with that in HES-treated and hypoxia-treated AFs. Smad3 was identified as a target of miR-135a. the downregulation of miR-135a was associated with the enhancement of Smad3/TRPM7 expressions in AFs. Additionally, the knockdown of Smad3 significantly reduced the expression of TRPM7 and further inhibited atrial fibrosis. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that miR-135a regulates AF via Smad3/TRPM7, which is a potential therapeutic target for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Kai Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yonghui Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Leixi Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yizhuo Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Liping Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yiqun Tang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Time series proteome profile analysis reveals a protective role of citrate synthase in angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation. J Hypertens 2022; 40:765-775. [PMID: 35013064 PMCID: PMC8901035 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin (Ang) II and elevated blood pressure are considered to be the main risk factors for atrial fibrillation. However, the proteome profiles and key mediators/signaling pathways involved in the development of Ang II-induced atrial fibrillation remain unclear. METHODS Male wild-type C57BL/6 mice (10-week old) were infused with Ang II (2000 ng/kg per min) for 1, 2, or 3 weeks, respectively. Time series proteome profiling of atrial tissues was performed using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS We identified a total of 1566 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the atrial tissues at weeks 1, 2, and 3 after Ang II infusion. These DEPs were predominantly involved in mitochondrial oxidation-reduction and tricarboxylic acid cycle in Ang II-infused atria. Moreover, coexpression network analysis revealed that citrate synthase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, was localized at the center of the mitochondrial oxidation-reduction process, and its expression was significantly downreguated in Ang II-infused atria at different time points. Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpresion of citrate synthase markedly reduced atrial fibrillation susceptibility and atrial remodeling in mice. These beneficial effects were associated with increased ATP production and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system complexes I-V expression and inhibition of oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The current study defines the dynamic changes of the DEPs involved in Ang II-induced atrial fibrillation, and identifies that citrate synthase plays a protective role in regulating atrial fibrillation development, and increased citrate synthase expression may represent a potential therapeutic option for atrial fibrillation treatment.
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Mechanisms Underlying Antiarrhythmic Properties of Cardioprotective Agents Impacting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031416. [PMID: 35163340 PMCID: PMC8835881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevention of cardiac life-threatening ventricular fibrillation and stroke-provoking atrial fibrillation remains a serious global clinical issue, with ongoing need for novel approaches. Numerous experimental and clinical studies suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation are deleterious to cardiovascular health, and can increase heart susceptibility to arrhythmias. It is quite interesting, however, that various cardio-protective compounds with antiarrhythmic properties are potent anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory agents. These most likely target the pro-arrhythmia primary mechanisms. This review and literature-based analysis presents a realistic view of antiarrhythmic efficacy and the molecular mechanisms of current pharmaceuticals in clinical use. These include the sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors used in diabetes treatment, statins in dyslipidemia and naturally protective omega-3 fatty acids. This approach supports the hypothesis that prevention or attenuation of oxidative and inflammatory stress can abolish pro-arrhythmic factors and the development of an arrhythmia substrate. This could prove a powerful tool of reducing cardiac arrhythmia burden.
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