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Ramos-Molina B, Rossell J, Pérez-Montes de Oca A, Pardina E, Genua I, Rojo-López MI, Julián MT, Alonso N, Julve J, Mauricio D. Therapeutic implications for sphingolipid metabolism in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1400961. [PMID: 38962680 PMCID: PMC11220194 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1400961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), a leading cause of chronic liver disease, has increased worldwide along with the epidemics of obesity and related dysmetabolic conditions characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). MASLD can be defined as an excessive accumulation of lipid droplets in hepatocytes that occurs when the hepatic lipid metabolism is totally surpassed. This metabolic lipid inflexibility constitutes a central node in the pathogenesis of MASLD and is frequently linked to the overproduction of lipotoxic species, increased cellular stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. A compelling body of evidence suggests that the accumulation of lipid species derived from sphingolipid metabolism, such as ceramides, contributes significantly to the structural and functional tissue damage observed in more severe grades of MASLD by triggering inflammatory and fibrogenic mechanisms. In this context, MASLD can further progress to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which represents the advanced form of MASLD, and hepatic fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of sphingolipid species as drivers of MASH and the mechanisms involved in the disease. In addition, given the absence of approved therapies and the limited options for treating MASH, we discuss the feasibility of therapeutic strategies to protect against MASH and other severe manifestations by modulating sphingolipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Group of Obesity, Diabetes & Metabolism, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Murcia, Spain
| | - Joana Rossell
- Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Institut de Recerca SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Eva Pardina
- Department de Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Idoia Genua
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina I. Rojo-López
- Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Institut de Recerca SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Teresa Julián
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Núria Alonso
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Josep Julve
- Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Institut de Recerca SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Didac Mauricio
- Group of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, Institut de Recerca SANT PAU, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic/Central University of Catalonia (UVIC/UCC), Vic, Spain
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Rigamonti AE, Dei Cas M, Caroli D, De Col A, Cella SG, Paroni R, Sartorio A. Identification of a Specific Plasma Sphingolipid Profile in a Group of Normal-Weight and Obese Subjects: A Novel Approach for a "Biochemical" Diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087451. [PMID: 37108620 PMCID: PMC10138812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is nosographically defined by using clinical diagnostic criteria such as those of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) ones, including visceral adiposity, blood hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Due to the pathophysiological implications of the cardiometabolic risk of the obese subject, sphingolipids, measured in the plasma, might be used to biochemically support the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. A total of 84 participants, including normal-weight (NW) and obese subjects without (OB-SIMET-) and with (OB-SIMET+) metabolic syndrome, were included in the study, and sphingolipidomics, including ceramides (Cer), dihydroceramides (DHCer), hexosyl-ceramides (HexCer), lactosyl-ceramides (LacCer), sphingomyelins (SM) and GM3 ganglosides families, and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and its congeners, was performed in plasma. Only total DHCers and S1P were significantly higher in OB-SIMET+ than NW subjects (p < 0.05), while total Cers decreased in both obese groups, though statistical significance was reached only in OB-SIMET- (vs. NW) subjects (p < 0.05). When considering the comparisons of the single sphingolipid species in the obese groups (OB-SIMET- or OB-SIMET+) vs. NW subjects, Cer 24:0 was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while Cer 24:1, DHCer 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 24:1, and SM 18:0, 18:1 and 24:1 were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Furthermore, taking into account the same groups for comparison, HexCer 22:0 and 24:0, and GM3 22:0 and 24:0 were significantly decreased (p < 0.05), while HexCer 24:1 and S1P were significantly increased (p < 0.05). After having analyzed all data via a PLS-DA-based approach, the subsequent determination of the VIP scores evidenced the existence of a specific cluster of 15 sphingolipids endowed with a high discriminating performance (i.e., VIP score > 1.0) among the three groups, including DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, HexCer 22:0, GM3 24:0, Cer C24:1, SM 18:1, SM 18:0, DHCer 18:1, HexCer 24:0, SM 24:1, S1P, SM 16:0, HexCer 24:1 and LacCer 22:0. After having run a series of multiple linear regressions, modeled by inserting each sphingolipid having a VIP score > 1.0 as a dependent variable, and waist circumference (WC), systolic/diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides (TG) (surrogates of IDF criteria) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (a marker of inflammation) as independent variables, WC was significantly associated with DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, HexCer 22:0, Cer 24:1, SM 18:1, and LacCer 22:0 (p < 0.05); SBP with Cer 18:0, Cer 24:1, and SM 18:0 (p < 0.05); HOMA-IR with DHCer 18:0, DHCer 24:1, Cer 18:0, Cer 24:1, SM 18:1, and SM 18:0 (p < 0.05); HDL with HexCer 22:0, and HexCer 24:0 (p < 0.05); TG with DHCer 18:1, DHCer 24:1, SM 18:1, and SM 16:0 (p < 0.05); CRP with DHCer 18:1, and SP1 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, a cluster of 15 sphingolipid species is able to discriminate, with high performance, NW, OB-SIMET- and OB-SIMET+ groups. Although (surrogates of) the IDF diagnostic criteria seem to predict only partially, but congruently, the observed sphingolipid signature, sphingolipidomics might represent a promising "biochemical" support for the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello E Rigamonti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Diana Caroli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Alessandra De Col
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Silvano G Cella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Rita Paroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
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Coronary artery disease patient-derived iPSC-hepatocytes have distinct miRNA profile that may alter lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1706. [PMID: 36717592 PMCID: PMC9886909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28981-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction, partly driven by altered liver function, predisposes to coronary artery disease (CAD), but the role of liver in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque development remains unclear. Here we produced hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from 27 induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines derived from 15 study subjects with stable CAD (n = 5), acute CAD (n = 5) or healthy controls (n = 5). We performed a miRNA microarray screening throughout the differentiation, as well as compared iPSC-HLCs miRNA profiles of the patient groups to identify miRNAs involved in the development of CAD. MicroRNA profile changed during differentiation and started to resemble that of the primary human hepatocytes. In the microarray, 35 and 87 miRNAs were statistically significantly deregulated in the acute and stable CAD patients, respectively, compared to controls. Down-regulation of miR-149-5p, -92a-3p and -221-3p, and up-regulation of miR-122-5p was verified in the stable CAD patients when compared to other groups. The predicted targets of deregulated miRNAs were enriched in pathways connected to insulin signalling, inflammation and lipid metabolism. The iPSC-HLCs derived from stable CAD patients with extensive lesions had a distinct genetic miRNA profile possibly linked to metabolic dysfunction, potentially explaining the susceptibility to developing CAD. The iPSC-HLCs from acute CAD patients with only the acute rupture in otherwise healthy coronaries did not present a distinct miRNA profile, suggesting that hepatic miRNAs do not explain susceptibility to plaque rupture.
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Finney AC, Das S, Kumar D, McKinney MP, Cai B, Yurdagul A, Rom O. The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116861. [PMID: 37200978 PMCID: PMC10185914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M. Peyton McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
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Bordeianu G, Mitu I, Stanescu RS, Ciobanu CP, Petrescu-Danila E, Marculescu AD, Dimitriu DC. Circulating Biomarkers for Laboratory Diagnostics of Atherosclerosis-Literature Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123141. [PMID: 36553147 PMCID: PMC9777004 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is still considered a disease burden with long-term damaging processes towards the cardiovascular system. Evaluation of atherosclerotic stages requires the use of independent markers such as those already considered traditional, that remain the main therapeutic target for patients with atherosclerosis, together with emerging biomarkers. The challenge is finding models of predictive markers that are particularly tailored to detect and evaluate the evolution of incipient vascular lesions. Important advances have been made in this field, resulting in a more comprehensible and stronger linkage between the lipidic profile and the continuous inflammatory process. In this paper, we analysed the most recent data from the literature studying the molecular mechanisms of biomarkers and their involvement in the cascade of events that occur in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivona Mitu
- Correspondence: (I.M.); (R.S.S.); Tel.: +40-75206-1747 (I.M.)
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Belcaro G, Cox DM, Cesarone MR, Gizzi G, Pellegrini L, Scipione C, Scipione V, Dugall M, Hu S, Corsi M, Feragalli B, Cotellese R. Effects of Robuvit® on the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 68:434-441. [PMID: 36507829 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.22.03201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Robuvit® in preventing the progression of chronic hepatitis (CH) in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) which encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver disease, from isolated steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS One group of patients followed the Standard management (SM) and were assigned as controls while the supplementation group followed the SM and additionally took 2 Robuvit® capsules daily for 3 months (200 mg/day). RESULTS 34 subjects with NAFLD were included in the study. The two groups completing 90 days were comparable at baseline with 18 being supplemented with Robuvit® and 16 in the control group. The tolerability was very good, and no side effects were observed with the supplement. Fasting glucose levels were significantly lower after 3 months with Robuvit® (P<0.05) compared to controls. The increased serum aspartate aminotransferase levels (AST), considered the key metabolic value in these patients, decreased significantly with Robuvit® (P<0.05) compared to controls. Serum alanine aminotransferase levels (ALT) also decreased significantly with the supplement compared to controls (P<0.05). Platelet count and albumin levels improved significantly with Robuvit® (P<0.05) in comparison to standard management. No other significant changes were observed. The APRI score (the AST/platelet ratio index) was also decreased with the supplementation compared to controls (P<0.05). A high APRI score provides an estimate of the possibility of the liver to develop fibrosis and eventually cirrhosis. After Robuvit® supplementation, the ultrasound characterization showed a significant decrease in the size of the liver in association with a lower echogenicity, which represents less fibrotic changes due to collagen accumulation. CONCLUSIONS Robuvit® improved liver function in NAFLD and prevented progression to liver fibrosis by improving hepatic metabolism in a relatively short period of time. Numerous people are affected by NAFLD, many of them with subclinical symptoms. But to date, there are no specific, definite treatment options. Prolonged evaluations of Robuvit® in a larger group of subjects is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Belcaro
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy -
| | - David M Cox
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - M Rosaria Cesarone
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gizzi
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Luciano Pellegrini
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Claudia Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Valeria Scipione
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Shu Hu
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | - Marcello Corsi
- Irvine3 Labs, San Valentino Vascular Screening Project and IA-PSS (International Agency for Pharma-Standard Supplements) Pescara, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Cotellese
- Dept.SMO-Biotec, Chieti University, Italy.,Outpatients Vascular Surgery, School of General Surgery, Ch-Pe University, Pescara, Italy
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Li HY, Zou Y, Elsheikha HM, Xu Y, Cai L, Xie SC, Zhu XQ, Zheng WB. Lipidomic changes in the liver of beagle dogs associated with Toxocara canis infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:890589. [PMID: 36176575 PMCID: PMC9514057 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.890589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A global lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was performed on the liver of beagle dogs infected with Toxocara canis to profile hepatic lipid species at 12 h post-infection (hpi), 24 hpi, and 36 days post-infection (dpi). This analysis identified six categories and 42 subclasses of lipids, including 173, 64, and 116 differentially abundant lipid species at 12 hpi, 24 hpi, and 36 dpi, respectively. Many of the identified lysophospholipids, such as lysophosphatidylglycerol, lysophosphatidylserine, and lysophosphatidylcholine, may contribute to the migration and development of T. canis during the early infection stage. Pathway analysis revealed significant alterations of several immune-inflammatory pathways, such as the B-cell receptor signaling pathway, the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, and the C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway at 12 and 24 hpi. These findings demonstrate the value of lipidomic profiling in revealing the extent of changes in the composition and abundance of hepatic lipidome caused by T. canis infection and their relevance to the pathophysiology of toxocariasis in beagle dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yu Li
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Yang Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hany M. Elsheikha
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Yue Xu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Lang Cai
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Shi-Chen Xie
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Xing-Quan Zhu
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Quan Zhu, ; Wen-Bin Zheng,
| | - Wen-Bin Zheng
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
- *Correspondence: Xing-Quan Zhu, ; Wen-Bin Zheng,
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Nascè A, Gariani K, Jornayvaz FR, Szanto I. NADPH Oxidases Connecting Fatty Liver Disease, Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Outlook. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061131. [PMID: 35740032 PMCID: PMC9219746 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by ectopic fat accumulation in hepatocytes, is closely linked to insulin resistance and is the most frequent complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). One of the features connecting NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM is cellular oxidative stress. Oxidative stress refers to a redox imbalance due to an inequity between the capacity of production and the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS). One of the major cellular ROS sources is NADPH oxidase enzymes (NOX-es). In physiological conditions, NOX-es produce ROS purposefully in a timely and spatially regulated manner and are crucial regulators of various cellular events linked to metabolism, receptor signal transmission, proliferation and apoptosis. In contrast, dysregulated NOX-derived ROS production is related to the onset of diverse pathologies. This review provides a synopsis of current knowledge concerning NOX enzymes as connective elements between NAFLD, insulin resistance and T2DM and weighs their potential relevance as pharmacological targets to alleviate fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Nascè
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
| | - Ildiko Szanto
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; (A.N.); (K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Diabetes Center of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (F.R.J.); (I.S.)
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Gaggini M, Ndreu R, Michelucci E, Rocchiccioli S, Vassalle C. Ceramides as Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Cardiometabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052719. [PMID: 35269861 PMCID: PMC8911014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, composed of a sphingosine and a fatty acid, are bioactive lipid molecules involved in many key cellular pathways (e.g., apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation). There is much evidence on the relationship between ceramide species and cardiometabolic disease, especially in relationship with the onset and development of diabetes and acute and chronic coronary artery disease. This review reports available evidence on ceramide structure and generation, and discusses their role in cardiometabolic disease, as well as current translational chances and difficulties for ceramide application in the cardiometabolic clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Rudina Ndreu
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Elena Michelucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (M.G.); (R.N.); (E.M.); (S.R.)
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-3153525
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Michelucci E, Rocchiccioli S, Gaggini M, Ndreu R, Berti S, Vassalle C. Ceramides and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Inflammatory Parameters and Left Ventricular Function in AMI Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020429. [PMID: 35203637 PMCID: PMC8962314 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ceramides, biologically active lipids correlated to oxidative stress and inflammation, have been associated with adverse outcomes in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to assess the association between ceramides/ratios included in the CERT1 score and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, inflammatory and left ventricular function parameters in AMI. Methods: high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify Cer(d18:1/16:0), Cer(d18:1/18:0), and Cer(d18:1/24:1) levels and their ratios to Cer(d18:1/24:0), in 123 AMI patients (FTGM coronary unit, Massa, Italy). Results: Cer(d18:1/16:0): higher in female patients (<0.05), in patients with dyslipidemia (<0.05), and it directly and significantly correlated with aging, brain natriuretic peptide-BNP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate-ESR and fibrinogen. Cer(d18:1/18:0): higher in females (<0.01) and patients with dyslipidemia (<0.01), and increased according to the number of CV risk factors (considering hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes). Moreover, it significantly correlated with BNP, troponin at admission, ESR, C reactive protein-CRP, and fibrinogen. Cer(d18:1/24:1): significantly correlated with aging, BNP, fibrinogen and neutrophils. Cer(d18:1/16:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0): higher in female patients (<0.05), and in patients with higher wall motion score index-WMSI (>1.7; ≤0.05), and in those with multivessel disease (<0.05). Moreover, it significantly correlated with aging, BNP, CRP, ESR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio-NRL, and fibrinogen. Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0): higher in female patients (<0.001), and increased according to age. Moreover, it was higher in patients with lower left ventricular ejection fraction (<35%, ≤0.01), higher WMSI (>1.7, <0.05), and in those with multivessel disease (0.13 ± 0.06 vs. 0.10 ± 0.05 µM, <0.05), and correlates with BNP, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen and neutrophils, platelets, NLR, and troponin at admission. Multiple regression analysis showed that Cer(d18:1/16:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) and Cer(d18:1/18:0)/Cer(d18:1/24:0) remained as independent determinants for WMSI after multivariate adjustment (Std coeff 0.17, T-value 1.9, ≤0.05; 0.21, 2.6, <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: Distinct ceramide species are associated with CV risk, inflammation and disease severity in AMI. Thus, a detailed analysis of ceramides may help to better understand CV pathobiology and suggest these new biomarkers as possible risk predictors and pharmacological targets in AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Michelucci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.R.); (M.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Silvia Rocchiccioli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.R.); (M.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Melania Gaggini
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.R.); (M.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Rudina Ndreu
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (E.M.); (S.R.); (M.G.); (R.N.)
| | - Sergio Berti
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Cristina Vassalle
- Fondazione CNR-Regione Toscana G Monasterio, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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