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Olivella A, Almenar-Bonet L, Moliner P, Coloma E, Martínez-Rubio A, Paz Bermejo M, Boixeda R, Cediel G, Méndez Fernández AB, Facila Rubio L. Role of vericiguat in management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction after worsening episode. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:628-636. [PMID: 38158630 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Worsening heart failure (HF) is a vulnerable period in which the patient has a markedly high risk of death or HF hospitalization (up to 10% and 30%, respectively, within the first weeks after episode). The prognosis of HF patients can be improved through a comprehensive approach that considers the different neurohormonal systems, with the early introduction and optimization of the quadruple therapy with sacubitril-valsartan, beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and inhibitors. Despite that, there is a residual risk that is not targeted with these therapies. Currently, it is recognized that the cyclic guanosine monophosphate deficiency has a negative direct impact on the pathogenesis of HF, and vericiguat, an oral stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase, can restore this pathway. The effect of vericiguat has been explored in the VICTORIA study, the largest chronic HF clinical trial that has mainly focused on patients with recent worsening HF, evidencing a significant 10% risk reduction of the primary composite endpoint of cardiovascular death or HF hospitalization (number needed to treat 24), after adding vericiguat to standard therapy. This benefit was independent of background HF therapy. Therefore, optimization of treatment should be performed as earlier as possible, particularly within vulnerable periods, considering also the use of vericiguat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleix Olivella
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Almenar-Bonet
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Moliner
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Community Heart Failure Program (UMICO), Department of Cardiology, Bellvitge University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Bio-Heart Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Coloma
- Heart Failure and Transplantation Unit, Internal Medicine Department and Hospital at Home Unit, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Martínez-Rubio
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Sabadell, Sabadell, Spain
- Universidad Autonoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Boixeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - German Cediel
- CIBER Cardiovascular, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Méndez Fernández
- Heart Failure Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebrón, Vall d'Hebrón Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Facila Rubio
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General de Valencia, Universitat de Valencia, Avda. Tres Cruces 2, 46014, Valencia, Spain
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Wittczak A, Ślot M, Bielecka-Dabrowa A. The Importance of Optimal Hydration in Patients with Heart Failure-Not Always Too Much Fluid. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2684. [PMID: 37893057 PMCID: PMC10604032 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and a major public health problem. Both overhydration and dehydration are non-physiological states of the body that can adversely affect human health. Congestion and residual congestion are common in patients hospitalized for HF and are associated with poor prognosis and high rates of rehospitalization. However, the clinical problem of dehydration is also prevalent in healthcare and community settings and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This article provides a comprehensive review of the issue of congestion and dehydration in HF, including HF guidelines, possible causes of dehydration in HF, confirmed and potential new diagnostic methods. In particular, a full database search on the relationship between dehydration and HF was performed and all available evidence in the literature was reviewed. The novel hypothesis of chronic subclinical hypohydration as a modifiable risk factor for HF is also discussed. It is concluded that maintaining euvolemia is the cornerstone of HF management. Physicians have to find a balance between decongestion therapy and the risk of dehydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wittczak
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maciej Ślot
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Bielecka-Dabrowa
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland
- Department of Cardiology and Congenital Diseases of Adults, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland;
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Prosperi S, D’Amato A, Severino P, Myftari V, Monosilio S, Marchiori L, Zagordi LM, Filomena D, Di Pietro G, Birtolo LI, Badagliacca R, Mancone M, Maestrini V, Vizza CD. Sizing SGLT2 Inhibitors Up: From a Molecular to a Morpho-Functional Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13848. [PMID: 37762152 PMCID: PMC10530908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), or gliflozins, have recently been shown to reduce cardiovascular death and hospitalization in patients with heart failure, representing a revolutionary therapeutic tool. The purpose of this review is to explore their multifaceted mechanisms of actions, beyond their known glucose reduction power. The cardioprotective effects of gliflozins seem to be linked to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and to an action on the main metabolic pathways. They improve the oxygen supply for cardiomyocytes with a considerable impact on both functional and morphological myocardial aspects. Moreover, multiple molecular actions of SGLT2i are being discovered, such as the reduction of both inflammation, oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis, all responsible for myocardial damage. Various studies showed controversial results concerning the role of SGLT2i in reverse cardiac remodeling and the lowering of natriuretic peptides, suggesting that their overall effect has yet to be fully understood. In addition to this, advanced imaging studies evaluating the effect on all four cardiac chambers are lacking. Further studies will be needed to better understand the real impact of their administration, their use in daily practice and how they can contribute to benefits in terms of reverse cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea D’Amato
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49979021; Fax: +39-06-49979060
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Gladysheva IP, Sullivan RD, Pellicori P. Editorial: Edema in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1141937. [PMID: 36824450 PMCID: PMC9941704 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1141937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inna P. Gladysheva
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States,*Correspondence: Inna P. Gladysheva ✉
| | - Ryan D. Sullivan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Translational Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Arizona College of Medicine – Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ, United States,Ryan D. Sullivan ✉
| | - Pierpaolo Pellicori
- College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom,Pierpaolo Pellicori ✉
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Zhang H, Zhu Y, Li N, Zeng J. Update on the Value of Lung Ultrasound Examination in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Patients with Various Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2022; 23:350. [PMID: 39077125 PMCID: PMC11267337 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2310350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is one of the most common causes of hospital admission for cardiovascular diseases. ADHF often affects the elderly population, is associated with high morbidity, admission rate and mortality. Pulmonary congestion (PC) is the most common cause of hospitalization among ADHF patients. Previous studies have shown that lung ultrasound (LUS) serves as a valuable tool for the evaluation of PC in patients with heart failure in terms of diagnosis, guiding of the treatment, and post-discharge monitoring. The use of LUS for ADHF is well described and already widely used in the daily clinical practice. PC might differ in ADHF patients with different left ventricular ejection fraction value and treatment options should be steadily adjusted according to the LUS-derived PC results to improve the outcome. This review summarized the value of LUS examination in patients with ADHF with preserved, mildly reduced, and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction, aiming to expand the rational use of LUS, promote the LUS-guided management and improve the outcome among patients with ADHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Xiangtan Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yunlong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Xiangtan Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jianping Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, 411100 Xiangtan, Hunan, China
- Graduate Collaborative Training Base of Xiangtan Central Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001 Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Suppression of Cardiogenic Edema with Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: Mechanisms and Insights from Pre-Clinical Studies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082016. [PMID: 36009562 PMCID: PMC9405937 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), cardiogenic edema develops from impaired cardiac function, pathological remodeling, chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, neurohormonal activation, and altered nitric oxide-related pathways. Pre-clinical HFrEF studies have shown that treatment with sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) stimulates natriuretic and osmotic/diuretic effects, improves overall cardiac function, attenuates maladaptive cardiac remodeling, and reduces chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Here, we review the mechanisms and effects of SGLT-2i therapy on cardiogenic edema in various models of HFrEF. Overall, the data presented suggest a high translational importance of these studies, and pre-clinical studies show that SGLT-2i therapy has a marked effect on suppressing the progression of HFrEF through multiple mechanisms, including those that affect the development of cardiogenic edema.
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Gladysheva IP, Sullivan RD, Ramanathan K, Reed GL. Soluble (Pro)Renin Receptor Levels Are Regulated by Plasma Renin Activity and Correlated with Edema in Mice and Humans with HFrEF. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081874. [PMID: 36009420 PMCID: PMC9405551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Symptomatic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is characterized by edema and chronic pathological activation of the classical renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS). The soluble (pro)renin receptor (s(P)RR) is released into circulation by proteolytic cleavage of tissue expressed (P)RR and is a candidate biomarker of RAAS activation. However, previous studies linked elevated levels of s(P)RR in patients with HFrEF to renal dysfunction. Utilizing prospectively enrolled patients with comparable rEF, we show that increased plasma levels of s(P)RR are associated with symptomatic HF (characterized by edema), independent of chronic renal dysfunction. We also found that s(P)RR levels were positively correlated with patient plasma renin activity (PRA). Normotensive mice with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and HFrEF, without renal dysfunction, showed plasma s(P)RR and PRA patterns similar to human HFrEF patients. Plasma s(P)RR levels positively correlated with PRA and systemic edema, but not with EF, resembling findings in patients with HFrEF without chronic kidney dysfunction. In female DCM mice with elevated PRA levels and plasma s(P)RR levels, a randomized, blinded trial comparing the direct renin inhibitor, aliskiren vs. vehicle control, showed that direct renin inhibition normalized PRA, lowered s(P)RR, and prevented symptomatic HFrEF. Considered in light of previous findings, these data suggest that, in HFrEF, in the absence of renal dysfunction, elevation of plasma s(P)RR levels is caused by increased PRA and associated with the development of systemic edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna P. Gladysheva
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.D.S.); (G.L.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(602)-827-2919
| | - Ryan D. Sullivan
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.D.S.); (G.L.R.)
| | | | - Guy L. Reed
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (R.D.S.); (G.L.R.)
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Advances and Challenges in Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051103. [PMID: 35626259 PMCID: PMC9139998 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of heart failure (HF) with reduced (r) and preserved (p) ejection fraction (EF) continues to rise globally despite current advances in diagnostics and improvements to medical management [...]
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Jiang N, Jiang B, Zhang X, Yong W, Zhuang S. Evaluation of CORIN in patients with heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EUR J INFLAMM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x221130650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aim to evaluate the association between CORIN and heart failure. Methods: This study used PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane database, and China National Knowledge Database (CNKI) to search for CORIN-related full-text articles with heart failure patients. We drew forest plots, performed sensitivity and bias analyses based on the included data. Next, we used Review Manager 5.2 software to assess the heterogeneity among selected articles. Results: Our meta-analysis results showed there was significant relationship between CORIN and heart failure (HF). There was significant difference of CORIN between heart failure group and control group (MD = −293.88, 95% confidence interval [-380.26, −207.49], p < .00001; heterogeneity p < .0001, I2= 97%) and there was significant difference in CORIN between ischemic group and non-ischemic group (MD = 88.79, 95% confidence interval [70.46107.12], heterogeneity p < .000, p = 0.94, l2= 0%). In subgroup analysis, there were significant differences in three different HF levels. Limited publication bias was observed, and this study was robust. Conclusion: In short, the results showed that CORIN was closely related with heart failure and might be helpful in the diagnosis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nianxin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaowei Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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