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Lopez JM, Rabinovich M, Mehanna CJ, Ricciotti G, Crincoli E, Semoun O, Miere A, Souied EH. Retro-mode imaging for the diagnosis of optic disc drusen: a case series. ARCHIVOS DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE OFTALMOLOGIA 2024; 99:187-194. [PMID: 38342229 DOI: 10.1016/j.oftale.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to compare the detectability of optic disc drusen (ODD), using various non-invasive imaging techniques, including the novel retro-mode imaging (RMI), as well as to analyze the morphological characteristics of ODD on RMI. METHODS This study involved seven patients with bilateral ODD, totaling 14 eyes. Multimodal imaging techniques, including multicolor fundus photography (MC), near-infrared reflectance (NIR), green and blue light fundus autofluorescence (G-FAF and B-FAF, respectively), and RMI were used to examine the eyes. FAF was used as the primary method of identifying ODD, and each method's detection rate was compared by two observers. Quantitative measurements of ODD included the number of ODD visualized by the RMI technique, the perimeter (P) and area (A) of ODD were identified. RESULTS The average age of the patients included was 49.28 ± 23.16 years, with five of the seven being men. RMI was able to detect ODD in all cases, with a sensitivity of 100%, compared to MC (sensitivity 60.71%), NIR (sensitivity 60.71%), B-FAF (sensitivity 100%), G-FAF (sensitivity 100%). RMI was the only imaging technique capable of assessing ODD morphology and quantifying ODD. CONCLUSIONS RMI is a promising imaging modality for diagnosing superficial ODD, providing valuable information on the distribution, location, and size of ODD. We suggest the incorporation of RMI as a complementary tool for diagnosing and monitoring ODD in combination with other multimodal imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Lopez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France; Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Rabinovich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - C-J Mehanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - G Ricciotti
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - E Crincoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - O Semoun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - A Miere
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - E H Souied
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
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Lopez JM, Rabinovic M, Mehanna CJ, Ricciotti G, Colantuono D, Souied EH. Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR): Case report with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy retromode imaging. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103930. [PMID: 37648550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Lopez
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France; Institut Català de Retina, C/de Ganduxer, 117, 08022 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Rabinovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - C J Mehanna
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - G Ricciotti
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - D Colantuono
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - E H Souied
- Department of Ophthalmology, centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil, University Paris Est Créteil, 40, avenue de Verdun, 94000 Créteil, France
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Sukkarieh G, Issa M, Bruneau S, Couturier A, Tadayoni R. Retromode imaging in retinal diseases: A systematic review of the literature. Surv Ophthalmol 2023; 68:1027-1037. [PMID: 37481077 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging captures a pseudo-3-dimensional image of the ocular fundus. Retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging was introduced first in 2008 using the Nidek F-10 scanning laser ophthalmoscope (F-10; Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan). At that time, no major role was described for this imaging modality. The interest in retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy imaging is reemerging with the recent advent of the Mirante that combines scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography (Nidek Co., Gamagori, Japan) that can capture retromode images of the fundus. We summarize the findings and clinical implications of retromode imaging using the Nidek F-10 and the Mirante in retinal diseases with the aim of helping researchers direct their future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Sukkarieh
- Retina Department, Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France.
| | - Mohamad Issa
- Retina Department, Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Department, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Bruneau
- Retina Department, Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Aude Couturier
- Ophthalmology Department, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
| | - Ramin Tadayoni
- Retina Department, Foundation Adolphe de Rothschild Hospital, Paris, France; Ophthalmology Department, Université Paris Cité, AP-HP, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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Wylęgała A, Wozniak P, Sędziak-Marcinek B, Bolek B, Szkodny D, Wylęgała E. Retro-Mode in NIDEK Mirante: A Comparative Analysis with Other Imaging Modalities for AMD and CSR. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2846. [PMID: 37685384 PMCID: PMC10486949 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retro-mode is a novel technique capable of creating pseudo-3D images of the retina. However, its clinical utility remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the Nidek Mirante multimodal imaging platform for ocular assessment in patients with various retinal conditions. METHODS A total of 115 participants with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were included. Two experienced graders independently evaluated the images, and statistical analysis was performed to assess interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) between graders and modalities; Results: For CSR detection, retro-mode demonstrated exceptionally high ICC rates (ICC = 1; 100%), while color and autofluorescence (FAF) showed moderate coefficients (0.69 and 0.78, respectively). The detection of pigment epithelial detachment was high across all methods, with only retro-mode deviated right (DR) allowing detection in 69% of cases, while retro-mode DR and deviated left (DL) achieved 100% detection. FAF-green achieved a 95% detection rate. In detecting retinal atrophy, most modalities demonstrated high detection rates, with the lowest detection rates offered by retro-mode DL (ICC = 0.85) and DR (ICC = 0.89), while retro-mode ring aperture offered 0.97. Infra-red and fluorescein angiography imaging offered the highest detection rates among the tested modalities, with 97% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION Retro-mode showed promise for comprehensive ocular evaluation and diagnosis, with certain imaging modalities demonstrating higher accuracy in detecting specific retinal features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wylęgała
- Health Promotion and Obesity Management, Pathophysiology Department, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Przemysław Wozniak
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, District Railway Hospital, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogumiła Sędziak-Marcinek
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, District Railway Hospital, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Bolek
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, District Railway Hospital, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Dominika Szkodny
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, District Railway Hospital, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
| | - Edward Wylęgała
- Chair and Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, District Railway Hospital, 40-760 Katowice, Poland
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Savastano MC, Fossataro C, Sadun R, Scupola A, Sammarco MG, Rizzo C, Pafundi PC, Rizzo S. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy by Autofluorescence, Enface and SLO-Retromode Imaging. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1407. [PMID: 37374191 DOI: 10.3390/life13061407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the clinical features of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) with autofluorescence (AF), retromode (RM), and enface imaging. This retrospective study was conducted at Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome (Italy), between September and December 2022. Each patient underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, which included optical coherence tomography (OCT), enface image analysis, AF, and RM imaging. We further evaluated the presence and area of extension of serous retinal detachment and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) atrophy through AF, RM, and enface imaging. We included 32 eyes from 27 patients (mean age: 52.7 ± 13.3 years). The median AF area was 19.5 mm2 (IQR 6.1-29.3), while the median RM area was 12.3 mm2 (IQR 8.1-30.8), and the median enface area was 9.3 mm2 (IQR 4.8-18.6). RPE atrophy was diagnosed in 26 cases (81.3%) with RM imaging and in 75% of cases with AF. No difference emerged between AF and RM analysis in the detection of central serous detachment in CSC. However, RM imaging showed a high specificity (91.7%) and negative predictive value (84.6%) to detect RPE changes when compared to the AF standard-of-care technique. Thus, RM imaging could be considered an adjunctive imaging method in CSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Savastano
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fossataro
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sadun
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Scupola
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Sammarco
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Clara Rizzo
- Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Pia Clara Pafundi
- Facility of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Gemelli Generator, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Ophthalmology Unit, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Azzolini C, Di Nicola M, Pozzo Giuffrida F, Cappelli F, Bellina C, Viola F, Chelazzi P. Retromode Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy for Choroidal Nevi: A Preliminary Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1253. [PMID: 37374036 DOI: 10.3390/life13061253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to document pathological findings on retromode imaging in choroidal nevi and evaluate its diagnostic validity, using the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope Nidek Mirante (cSLO). A total of 41 choroidal nevi from 41 patients were included. All patients underwent multicolor fundus (mCF), infrared reflectance (IR), green fundus autofluorescence (FAF), dark-field (DF) and retromode (RM) imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans. We investigated retromode images to evaluate choroidal nevus features by comparing the results with those of mCF, IR, FAF, DF and OCT. In 100% of available images, retromode scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was able to detect choroidal nevi with a characteristic "hypo-retro-reflective" pattern, even the cases not visible on mCF, IR and FAF images. It also made it possible to delineate the margins of lesions with the highest rate of sharpness and accuracy among the imaging modalities examined. These findings seem to demonstrate how RM-SLO is an innovative diagnostic tool to detect and follow up choroidal nevi in a fast, reliable and non-invasive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Azzolini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Di Nicola
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami 33136, FL, USA
| | - Francesco Pozzo Giuffrida
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Ophthalmological Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cappelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Bellina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, 20131 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Viola
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Ophthalmological Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Chelazzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Istituto Clinico Città Studi, 20131 Milan, Italy
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7
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Cheong KX, Ong CJT, Chandrasekaran PR, Zhao J, Teo KYC, Mathur R. Review of Retinal Imaging Modalities for Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101752. [PMID: 37238236 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of conventional and novel retinal imaging modalities for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy. HCQ retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy resulting from HCQ use for a variety of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Each imaging modality detects a different aspect of HCQ retinopathy and shows a unique complement of structural changes. Conventionally, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), which shows loss or attenuation of the outer retina and/or retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch's membrane complex, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF), which shows parafoveal or pericentral abnormalities, are used to assess HCQ retinopathy. Additionally, several variations of OCT (retinal and choroidal thickness measurements, choroidal vascularity index, widefield OCT, en face imaging, minimum intensity analysis, and artificial intelligence techniques) and FAF techniques (quantitative FAF, near-infrared FAF, fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy, and widefield FAF) have been applied to assess HCQ retinopathy. Other novel retinal imaging techniques that are being studied for early detection of HCQ retinopathy include OCT angiography, multicolour imaging, adaptive optics, and retromode imaging, although further testing is required for validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xiong Cheong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Charles Jit Teng Ong
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Priya R Chandrasekaran
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Jinzhi Zhao
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Kelvin Yi Chong Teo
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ranjana Mathur
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, 11 Third Hospital Avenue, Singapore 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
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Ranetti AE, Stanca HT, Tăbăcaru B, Teodoru A, Munteanu M, Stanca S. Retromode Imaging in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040647. [PMID: 37109604 PMCID: PMC10144202 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Retromode is a relatively new retinal-imaging technique that is based on the transillumination principle and is obtained with a scanning laser ophthalmoscope that uses light in the infrared spectrum. The laser light penetrates into the deep retinal layers and the choroid. Retromode images are captured with a laterally displaced aperture, and the detector captures only the scattered light. The result is a high-contrast pseudo-three-dimensional image. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disabling retinal disease. AMD is characterized in its early stage by small and intermediate drusen formation, while the signs of intermediate AMD are large drusen and/or pigmentary abnormalities. Late AMD has two forms, geographic atrophy, which is the advanced form of dry AMD, and wet AMD. Most of the lesions of AMD are located in the outer layers of the retina. This new imaging method can provide a glimpse of the deep retinal layers' topographic changes in a non-invasive, fast, and effective way that can match the other imaging tools available. Materials and Methods: The literature review was performed by searching the PubMed database using the following combination of keywords: retromode imaging and age-related macular degeneration. Relevant images similar to the ones in the literature were identified and used as models. Results: The purpose of this article is to highlight the utility of incorporating retromode imaging into the multimodal evaluation of the retina in patients with AMD and to gather and integrate these findings into a brief but comprehensive paper. Conclusions: Retromode imaging is a good screening, diagnosis, and monitoring tool for patients with AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia-Elena Ranetti
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 București, Romania
| | - Horia Tudor Stanca
- Doctoral School, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 București, Romania
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Bogdana Tăbăcaru
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adrian Teodoru
- Clinical Surgical Department, Faculty of Medicine, "Lucian Blaga" University Sibiu, 550169 Sibiu, Romania
| | - Mihnea Munteanu
- Department of Ophthalmology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Simona Stanca
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 020021 București, Romania
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