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Ekanayaka RP, Tilakaratne WM. Impact of histopathological parameters in prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38938003 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Squamous cell carcinomas comprise approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. There is a wide geographical variation in the incidence of oral cancer, with South and South East Asia (SSEA) accounting for almost two third of new cases. The prognosis of oral cancer is influenced by a vast array of factors including demographic, clinical, histopathological and molecular factors. The objective this review is to analyse the impact of histopathological features assessed in hematoxylin and eosin stained sections on the prognosis of OSCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medline and Scopus data base search was performed in order to identify related articles on histopathological parameters in predicting prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The primary emphasis is on the studies conducted in SSEA, with an accompanying comparison of their findings with those from research conducted in other parts of the world. RESULTS It has been shown that the number of studies conducted in SSEA is not proportionate to the high prevalence of Oral Cancer in the region. There is no significant difference between the findings from SSEA compared to the rest of the world. It is clearly shown that most histopathological parameters can be accurately used to predict nodal metastasis and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS Histopathological parameters can be used reliably in planning treatment of Oral cancer. Clinicians should combine clinical and histopathological parameters in drawing treatment plan for Oral Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ekanayaka
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - W M Tilakaratne
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Gao J, Yang Y, Yin W, Zhao X, Qu Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Xiang L, Man Y. A nomogram prediction of implant apical non-coverage on bone-added transcrestal sinus floor elevation: A retrospective cohort study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024; 35:282-293. [PMID: 38108637 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the risk indicators and develop and validate a nomogram prediction model of implant apical non-coverage by comprehensively analyzing clinical and radiographic factors in bone-added transcrestal sinus floor elevation (TSFE). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 260 implants in 195 patients receiving bone-added TSFE were included in the study. The population was divided into a development (180 implants) and a validation (80 implants) cohort. According to 6 months post-surgery radiographic images, implants were categorized as "apical non-coverage" or "apical covered." The association of risk factors including clinical and radiographic parameters with implant apical non-coverage was assessed using regression analyses. A nomogram prediction model was developed, and its validation and discriminatory ability were analyzed. RESULTS The nomogram predicting bone-added TSFE's simultaneously placed implant's apex non-coverage after 6 months. This study revealed that sinus angle, endo-sinus bone gain, implant protrusion length, graft contact walls, and distal angle were predictors of implant apical non-coverage. The generated nomogram showed a strong predictive capability (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.845), confirmed by internal validation using 10-fold cross-validation (Median AUC of 0.870) and temporal validation (AUC = 0.854). The calibration curve and decision curve analysis demonstrated good performance and high net benefit of the nomogram, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The clinical implementation of the present nomogram is suitable for predicting the apex non-coverage of implants placed simultaneously with bone-added TSFE after 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yufei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wumeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yili Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xingmei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Sharma A, Natarajan S, Manaktala N, Boaz K, KP N, Lewis A, Yellapurkar S. Prognostic Nomogram for Lymph-Node Metastasis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) Using Immunohistochemical Marker D2-40. Cancer Manag Res 2023; 15:929-936. [PMID: 37674659 PMCID: PMC10478775 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s408772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Nomograms are proven in "individualized risk prediction" in sarcomas and breast and prostate cancers. Incorporating immunohistochemical markers and histopathological parameters can enhance accuracy of these graphical representations of statistical predictive models concerning metastasis. D2-40, a monoclonal antibody to podoplanin (regulator of motility expressed in malignant epithelial cells), dually predicts metastatic potential of tumour by estimating the motile tumour phenotype and by detecting lymphatic vessels/density, both essential to metastasis in OSCC. Thus, we propose a model that incorporates D2-40 immunostaining of individual tumour cells (ITC) too with other variables (seen in H+E staining) as a predictive nomogram. Methods Sixty cases of OSCC were selected with equal number of cases (n=30) of pN0 and pN+ status. Bryne's grading of invasive front of tumour (ITF) was done on H+E-stained slides followed by D2-40 immunostaining for ITCs at ITF and lymphatic vessels. Multivariate regression analysis was used to generate the nomogram of LNM where the predictive contribution of each covariate, namely depth of invasion, D2-40-stained ITCs, gender, histological grade, and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI), was plotted on a scale of 1-100 points. Results The nomogram showed that the strongest variable in OSCC was the WPOI in H+E-stained section followed by D2-40-positive ITCs and gender. Discussion Our predictive nomogram for LNM in OSCC surprisingly showed that a tumour with lower score of WPOI (islands vs ITC) showed numerous D2-40-positive ITCs, drastically increasing the probability of metastasis. The concept of "individualized risk prediction" can be used to predict lymph node metastasis using a variety of histopathological criteria that can be visualized in routine and immunohistochemical staining in OSCC with the aid of a nomogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Srikant Natarajan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nidhi Manaktala
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Karen Boaz
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Nandita KP
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Amitha Lewis
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shweta Yellapurkar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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